基于单片机的全自动洗衣机系统设计_张明德.docx
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1、摘要 单片机自 20世纪 70年代问世以来,以其极高的性能价格比,受到人们的重 视和关注,应用很广、发展很快。而 51单片机是各单片机中最为典型和最有代 表性的一种。 洗衣机作为一款家用电器,在日常生活中得到了广泛的使用,洗衣机的产生, 是人们从繁重的家务劳动中解脱出来,是人们节省了大量 ,的时间与精力。而全自 动洗衣机的发明是洗衣机技术史上的一个重大变革,设计人员所设计的洗衣程序 能使得这款洗衣机更加的智能化。它不仅能大大节省人力,而且还能进一步扩大 对机洗衣物的范围。使用全自动洗衣机洗衣可以根据衣物的体积、质地,在微电 脑控制器上选择水流的大小和强弱以及时间的长短以及水量的多少等。能够实现
2、 完整的自动化洗衣过程。现在的洗衣机也越来越高度自动化,衣服只要放入洗 衣机,只需简单的按两个键,系统就会自动注水,通过电脑控制的洗衣机,能够 自动感觉衣物的重量,会自动添加适合的水量以及洗涤剂,能自动设置洗涤的时 间以及洗涤的力度,洗涤完之后还会自动的漂洗甩干,甚至将衣物烘干,从而大 大节省了时间。 本次设计以 AT89C51芯片为核心,辅以必要的外围电路,设计了单片 机的 全自动洗衣机系统,它由 5V直流电源供电。在硬件方面,除了 CPU外,使用 了两个个七段 LED数码管来进行显示,在开机时显示 00值;用户按下选择按 键后,显示选择的洗衣过程代码;开始洗涤后,显示剩余的时间(单位为分钟
3、 ) 并闪动。 LED采用的是动态扫描显示。通过 LED能够比较准确显示工作状态及 时间。功能按键对洗衣机的进行开关动作及对工作状态进行设置,按键用于选择 所需要的洗衣过程;开始洗衣后,该按键则用于暂停或继续洗衣过程。水位开关 用于检测洗衣桶内水位高低,若冼衣时遇水不足或需补水,单片机将根据该开关 的通断情况以决定是否需要进水。若需进水,则打开进水阀直至水位开关闭合。 安全开关用于在脱水时,判断洗衣机的桶盖是否打开。桶盖打开则报警,若脱水 时遇桶盖打开则通过显示报警,直到闭合桶盖后才能继续脱水处理;外接蜂鸣器 电路主要用于按键音提示或者鸣叫报警。可控硅电路主要由四只双向可控硅组 成,用于将单片
4、机输出的控制信号转换为电机或电磁阀的通断动作,双向可控硅 在该电路中起交流电源的开关作用。洗衣机的进水、排水,洗涤过程中的电机正 转、反转,实际上就是通过控制上述四只 可控硅的通断来实现的。 洗衣机的功能主要就是要求能够完成衣物的洗涤、漂洗和脱水过程。而这三 种功能的组合就可以形成总共 9种选择,用户通过控制功能板上的选择按键 (幵 始 /暂停按键 )来选择执行洗衣的程序。洗涤和漂洗都是通过控制电机的正转和 反转来达到清洗衣物的主要目的。而在洗涤和漂洗过程中,则都需要盛水桶里面 的水位达到所设定的要求。假如遇到没有水或者水位不足的情况,那么就要随时 进水。脱水动作是通过电机的正转来实现的,在脱
5、水的同时要求排水阀门一直打 开,也正是由于排水阀门的打开,才能使脱水时的电机速度和洗涤时 的电机正转 速度不相同。 软件方面采用汇编语言编程。通过对单片机程序设计实现对洗衣机系统的整 个洗涤程序进行监测、判断和控制以及人机交换。 通过这次设计让我更深入了解单片机基本电路、如何设计控制电路和仿真调 试的基本方法,从而锻炼了我学习、设计和开发软、硬件的能力。 关键词:洗衣机,单片机 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Abstract:Because of its extremely high performance-price ratio, the single-chip computer ha
6、s been paid great attention to ever since it came out in 1970s of 20th Century, and has gained an extensive applicable field and fast development. Among all kinds of MCS- 51 is the most typical and representative one. Household washing machines in everyday life, has been widely used, the production
7、of washing machines, heavy domestic work is from the people, the liberation of people save a lot of time and effort. The invention of automatic washing laundry in the history of a major invention, by the designer to make this process more intelligent laundry washing machine. It not only saves manpow
8、er, but also to further expand the scope of the washing machine. You can use the automatic washing machine micro-controller size, texture, water flow, select the size and strength and the duration and how much water. In order to achieve fully automated laundry. Now more and more highly automated was
9、hing into the washing machine, as long as the machinery and clothing, simply press the two keys, the system will automatically computer-controlled water through the clothes washing machine can automatically sense the weight, it will automatically add the appropriate water and detergent , the amount
10、of washing can automatically set the time and intensity of washing, automatic washing drying after washing, even the clothes dryer, thus saving time. AT89C51 chip design as the core, accompanied by the necessary peripheral circuits, combined with SCM systems, automatic washing machines, including th
11、e 5V DC power supply. On the hardware side, in addition to the CPU using two seven-segment, LED digital tube display carried out to show the value of object-oriented guidance; the user presses the select button, in the laundry process shows the selected code; after washing, indicating the remaining
12、time (minutes), and flash. The use of dynamic scanning LED display. Can accurately work through the LED display status and time. Washing machine and si ABSTRACT working conditions, the switch function key to select the button for the laundry process to start laundry, laundry button to pause or conti
13、nue the process. Laundry bucket water level switch is used to detect water levels, water shortages or the need to add laundry, micro-controller will close the case to determine whether water. For the water, and then open the inlet valve until the water level switch is turned off. Safety switch for d
14、ehydration, to determine whether the washing machine lid open. Cover open alarm, open the lid if the case of dehydration through the alarm, closed the lid, and then to continue until dehydration; external buzzer circuit is mainly used for touch-tone or buzzer alarm use. Circuit consists of four sili
15、con micro controller triac output control signals to the motor or solenoid valve switching operation, AC power from the role of SCR switch circuit. Washing machine water supply, drainage, movement forward in the process of washing, on the contrary, in fact, the relationship by controlling the four S
16、CR to achieve. The main function of washing the clothes must be complete washing, rinsing, dehydration. The combination of these three functions can be formed of the total 9 choices the user to select the button control panel (start / pause button), select the wash program implementation. Cleaning a
17、nd flushing the motor through the control of forward and reverse, to reach the main purpose of washing clothes. In the washing and rinsing process, you will need to reach the requirements set Sheng bucket level. If there is no water, or face water shortages, there will be water. Dehydration of muscl
18、e action to move through to achieve, and at the same time, the valve is opened drainage requirements dehydration, precisely because the drainage valve open, you can dehydration, washing motor speed when the motor speed of transmission is not the same. Software in assembly language programming. SCM p
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