(最新)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionB教材全解.pdf
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1、-1-人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4 SectionB 教材全解Unit 4 Don t eat in class.Unit 4 Section B 教材全解1.go out 出去;外出【重点注释】go out 意为“外出,出去”,此处表示“参加社交活动,外出交际(或娱乐)”。例如:Mary goes out a lot on Sundays.星期日玛丽应酬非常多。【拓展记忆】go out 的其他用法:1)意为“出去”。与 go out意思相反的词组是come in,意思是“进来”。词组:go out for a walk外出散步;出去散步;出去走走。go for a walk散步。tak
2、e a walk 散步。例句:lets go out to dinner.我们到外面去吃晚餐。He didnt go out yesterday.他昨天没有外出。Lets go out for a walk.让我们出去散步吧。Do you want to go out?你要出去吗?Please come in and sit in the chair.请进来坐在这把椅子上。2)意为“出国,移居(国外)”。例如:He went out to Australia two years ago.他在两年前移居澳大利亚了。3)意为“过时,不再流行”。Long skirts went out last y
3、ear.长裙子去年就过时了。out 此处用作副词,修饰动词go,意为“外出”,其反义词是 in。out 还可意为“不在家”。例如:My father is out,but my mother is in.Do you want to speak to her?我父亲不在家,但我母亲在家。你想和她讲话吗?注意网络用语“你 out 了”表示“你落伍了”。【辨析记忆】out 与 outside out 副词意为“外出,出来”,其反义词为in。He went out at 11o clock.outside 副词意为“在外面,在户外”,其反义词为inside。Go and play outside.2
4、.on school nights 在上学的晚上【重点注释】night 名词,意为“晚上”。与之相对应的名词day 指“白天”。常用短语:on school nights在上学期间的晚上,on school days在上学的日子。例如:We usually get up at five on school days,and we can t go out on school nights.在上学的日子我们通常5 点钟起床,在上学期间的晚上我们不可以外出。【拓展记忆】night 前若有其他词修饰,如本短语school 修饰时,指具体的某个晚上,表示具体某一天的晚上,只能用介词on。例如:on w
5、inter night 在冬天的晚上;on Sunday nights在星期天的晚上。Dont watch TV on school nights.在上学的晚上不要看电视。【比较记忆】若泛指在晚上,则用介词at,组成 at night,意为“在夜晚,在晚上”,这是固定词组。例如:We can see the stars at night.夜晚我们可以看见星群。He studies late at night.他学习到深夜。in the night:在夜间。例如:I woke up twice in the night.我在夜里醒了两次。(at night=in the night,这两个没有区
6、别,但一般没有 at the night的说法)【比较记忆】night 与 eveningnight 晚上,夜里指天完全黑下来一直到第二天天亮这一段时间,尤指睡觉以后的夜晚。at night 在夜里These animals come out at night.evening 傍晚,晚上指从晚餐到就寝这段时间。in the evening 在晚上We do our homework at 7:00 in the evening.3.practice the guitar 练习弹吉他-2-【重点注释】practice在此处是及物动词,意为“练习,训练”,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。固定词组
7、:practice doing sth.意思是“练习做某事”,没有practice to do sth.的说法。例如:I often practice my English in the morning.我常常在早上练习英语。He practices playing the violin every day.他每天练习拉小提琴。【试题链接】What do you usually do in the morning?I often practice English.A.speak B.to speak C.speaking(该题考查非谓语动词。句意“早上你通常干吗?我经常练习说英语。”。prac
8、tice doing sth.意思是“练习做某事”,故答案为 C。)【拓展记忆】practice 还可用作名词,是不可数名词,意思是“练习;实习;实践”。例如:an hours practice every day.每天一个小时的练习。Playing the piano needs a lot of practice.弹钢琴需要多加练习。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(谚语)【拓展记忆】practice 有两种词性,一种是名词(.n),一种是动词(.v),都是“练习”的意思。practise只有动词词性,用法和意思与practice相同,所以一般情况下用 practi
9、ce代替 practise。4.do the dishes 清洗餐具【重点注释】dish 此处用作可数名词,意为“碟,盘”,常用复数形式,其前常加 the。do the dishes相当于 wash the dishes,意为“清洗餐具”。例如:Linda often helps her mom do the dishes.琳达经常帮妈妈洗餐具。You must do the dishes before you go out.你外出前必须清洗餐具。Children should do/wash the dishes after dinner.饭后孩子们应该洗餐具。【辨析记忆】dish 与 pl
10、ate:二者都是餐具名称,都有“盘,碟”之意,其区别:dish 可泛指就餐时所用的餐具,包括盘、碟、碗、杯、刀、叉等,特指较深的盘子。plate 指较平的盘子、碟子,可用来盛汤,也可用来装菜。注意:dish 是盛西菜的大盘子,用餐者从那里端一些菜,放在自己的plate 即平盘或碟子上;bowl 意思是“碗”,cup意思是“茶杯”,glass意思是“玻璃杯”。【拓展记忆】dish 还可用作可数名词,意为“一盘食物;一碟事物;一道菜”等。例如:a big dish of curry 一大盘用咖喱做调味的菜。He likes cold dishes.他喜欢吃凉菜。5.help his mom mak
11、e breakfast 帮他的妈妈做早饭【重点注释】help sb(to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”;help 后既可接带 to 的不定式作宾补,也可接不带to 的不定式。例如:He often helps me(to)clean the classroom.他经常帮我打扫教室。【拓展记忆】1)help sb.with sth.意为“帮某人做某事”,with 后跟名词或代词。例如:I often help him with/(to)do his lessons。我经常帮他做功课。2)help oneself to意为“请随便用(吃)”。例如:Please help yourselve
12、s to some fruits.请随便吃些水果。3)help 用作名词,意为“帮助”,是不可数名词。例如:Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。make breakfast意为“做早饭”,make breakfast=cook breakfast,make表示“做,制作”。例如:Lets make a model plane.让我们做个飞机模型吧。【辨析记忆】make与 do:两者都有“做”的意思。make 意为“生产,制造”,指用原材料制作成某种东西,或经过努力二做成某物。一般强调做的东西时make。He s making a cake.-3-do 指进行一项经常性的或指
13、定的活动,一般强调动作时用do。I m doing my homework.注意:make 在不同的短语里有不同的含义:make the/one s bed 整理床铺make dumplings包饺子make a noise 制造噪音;吵闹make friends 交朋友make rules 制订原则6.before dinner 在晚饭前;晚餐前【重点注释】before在此处作介词,意为“在以前”,before表示时间时,其反义词是 after,意为“在之后”;before 表示位置时,意为“在的前面”,其反义词为 behind,意为“在之后”,与 behind 相对(相当于 in fron
14、t of)。例如:August comes before September.八月份在九月份之前。(表示时间)He is standing before the door.他正站在门前。(表示位置)After work he went home.工作结束后他回家。(表示时间)Two soldiers are behind a wall.两名士兵在一堵墙后。(表示位置)He usually does his homework before dinner,and watches TV after dinner.他通常晚饭前做作业,晚饭后看电视。(表示时间)He sits before me,and
15、 I sit hehind him.他坐在我前面,我坐在他后面。(表示位置)【拓展记忆】1)before可作连词,意为“在以前”,连接一个时间状语从句。例如:You must do your homework before you watch TV.你必须在看电视前先做作业。2)before可作副词,意为“以前”。例如:I never met him before.以前我从来没见过他。dinner表示“正餐”,可指中餐,也可指晚餐。一般不与冠词连用。例如:Will you join us for dinner?你来和我们一起吃晚饭好吗?I dont have dinner yet.我没有吃饭。
16、【拓展记忆】dinner 若具体指某一餐饭或受形容词的修饰,其前也可用冠词。例如:The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。I never eat a big dinner.我的饭量向来不大。7.There are too many rules.有太多的规定(则)。【重点注释】too many 意为“太多”,其中 too 用作程度副词,表示“太”,修饰形容词 many,many 后接可数名词复数形式,注意没有many too 这一说法。例如:There are too many students in our school.我们学校有太多的学生。There are too
17、 many people on the playground.操场上有太多的人。【辨析记忆】too many,too much 与 much too 的区别:too many 太多的其后可接可数名词复数too much 太多的后接不可数名词,还可修饰动词作状语,亦可作代词much too 太much 用来增强语气,后面常接形容词或副词例句:There are too many flowers in the garden.花园里的花太多了。I have too much homework this evening.今天晚上我的家庭作业太多了。He talks too much.他说得太多了。Yo
18、u gave me too much.你给我的太多了。This little boy is much too fat.这个小男孩太胖了。He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了。【试题链接】We should not eat_ _ meat.A.too many B.much too C.too much D.many too(too many+名词复数;much too+形容词/副词;too much+不可数名词;D 选项本身错误。因 meat是不可数名词,故选C。)【试题链接】Why are you so tired these days?Well,I have ho
19、mework to do.A.too much B.too many C.much too D.many too(too much+不可数名词;too many+名词复数;much too+形容词/副词;D 选项-4-本身错误。因 homework 是不可数名词,故选A。)rule 名词,意为“规则;规定”。例如:I dont think the rule is good.我认为这条规定不好。8.At 6:00 a.m.,my mom says,“Get up now and make your bed!”在早晨 6:00,我妈妈说:“现在起床并整理你的床铺!”【重点注释】make one s
20、/the bed意为“整理床铺”。9.After breakfast,my mom always says,“Dont leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen!”早饭后,我妈妈总是说:“别把脏餐具留在厨房里!”【重点注释】leave此处作及物动词,意为“留下,剩下,丢下,落下”,常与表示地点的介词短语连用,表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。其过去式是 left。例如:I left my pen in the bedroom.我把钢笔落在卧室了。They are busy with work and always leave their son at home b
21、y himself.他们忙于工作,总是把他们的儿子单独留在家里。(leave one by oneself把某人独自留下;leave one+介词短语(表地点)+by oneself把某人独自留在)Take off your shoes and leave them outside.把鞋脱掉,放在外面。Do you leave the key in the reading room?你把钥匙忘在阅览室了?【试题链接】Dont _ _your parents at home.When you get there,please call me.A.forget B.forgot C.leave D
22、.left(表示“把某物遗忘在某地”需用“leave sth.+地点”结构;又由该句为祈使句的否定句可知,谓语动词要用动词原形,故选C。)10.After that,I ran to school because I cant be late.At school,we have more rulesdont be noisy,dont eat in class 那以后(洗完盘子后),我跑向学校,因为我不能迟到。在学校,我们有更多的规则不要吵闹,不要在课堂上吃东西【重点注释】more 意为“更多的”,此处是 many的比较级,修饰可数名词复数形式;more也是 much 的比较级,修饰不可数名词
23、。例如:She has more books than I.他的书比我的多(他比我有更多的书)。He bought more milk.他买了更多的牛奶。noisy 形容词,意为“吵闹的,嘈杂的”,其反义词为 quiet“安静的”。Their dog is too noisy.他们的狗太吵了。Dont be noisy!Be quiet,please.不要吵闹!请保持安静。The streets were as noisy as ever.街上和往常一样喧闹。【拓展记忆】noise不可数名词,意为“喧闹声,噪音”,make a noise吵闹,make much noise制造噪音;noisi
24、ly 副词,意为“吵闹地”。例如:You mustnt make a noise!你不该弄出噪音来!Dont make so much noise.Dad is sleeping in the next room.不要制造这么大的噪音。爸爸正在隔壁房间睡觉。There is too much noise outside in the street.外面的街上太吵了。My little sister is crying noisily.我的小妹妹正在大声哭闹。【试题链接】All the students are standing and laughing in the classroom and
25、 its _ _.A.noisy B.lonely C.quiet D.strict(noisy“嘈杂的;吵闹的”;lonely“孤独的;寂寞的”;quiet“安静的”;strict“严格的”。由“所有的学生都在教室里站着大笑着”可知教室里很“嘈杂、吵闹”。故选 A。)11.After dinner,I can t relax either.晚饭后,我也不能放松。【重点注释】relax 此处用作不及物动词,意为“松弛,放松“,与 rest或 have-5-a rest同义,第三人称单数形式是relaxes。例如:I just want to sit down and relax.我只是想坐下来
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