中考英语冲刺复习：任务型阅读技巧(知识讲解、巩固练习).pdf

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1、中考英语冲刺复习：任务型阅读技巧【用法讲解】考试要求：许多省市中考英语试卷出现了一种综合阅读理解题型任务型阅读。任务型阅读是一种主观性试题，也有人称为“读后做”，要求考生阅读短文后在理解的基础上，通过一定的判断、推理、归纳总结，去完成各种任务或者解决某种问题，这种题型介于阅读和写作之间，充分考查学生运用英语完成任务的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具备从短文材料中收集有关的各种信息，然后加工整理输出信息的能力。1.任务型阅读的题型：任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言综合应用能力的考查，考查的题型多样、命题灵活，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子、还原句子。还可以是填写表格或回答问

2、题。命题人对试题的难度也易于掌握，可以是单词拼写这样较简单的题，也可以是同义词转换等中档题，还可以有归纳主题大意、改写句子等高档题。近年来各省中考试题中任务型阅读主要题型如下：1）阅读选择配对根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题目不同,选项可能是句子或图片，形式可能是段落大意的归纳与段落的连线，但是可能不是一对一连线，一般都给出多余选项。【注意】要认真阅读题干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚题目的前半个句子的内容要点，注意句子与短文的联系，切不可只看句子的部分内容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配对失误。要根据短文的内容和作者的意图去搭配、注意配对后的句子内

3、容完整、与短文的内容保持一致。短文的段落主题和段落配对，要抓住短文段落的要点，要全面理解段落内容之间的关系，不能以偏概全。请看下面例题：You may feel comfortable with some people.You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half a life.These people have something in common.And once we know what it is,we can try to do it ourselves.How is it done?_1_

4、If you follow the skills,youll make friends with people quickly.First of all,good talkers are questions._2_ One well-know businesswoman says,“At business lunches,I always ask people what they did that morning.Its a common question,but it will get things going.”From there you can move on to some othe

5、r questions.And how he answers will let you know how far you can go._3_ This point seems clear,but it isnt.Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to.And to find out,you really have to listen carefully and attentively.Real listening at least means some

6、things._4_ If someone sticks to one topic,it means hes really interested in it.Real listening also means not just listening to words,but to tones(声调)of voice.If the voice sounds boring,then,its time for you to change the subject.Finally,good talkers know well when to say good-bye.Remember to give hi

7、m a handshake and say,“I ve really enjoyed meeting you.”_5_ Let people know what you feel,and they may walk away feeling as if theyve known you half their life.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。A.Almost anyone will answer a question.B.Here are several skills that good tal

8、kers have.C.If you want to see that person again,dont keep it a secret.D.First,it means not to change the subject of the conversation.E.Second,once good talkers have asked questions,they listen to the answers.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._【答案与解析】1.B。根据下文所提供的可以遵循的几条技巧可知，此处应表示“好的谈话者拥有的技巧”，故选 B。2.A。根据第三段中的“First

9、of all,good talkers ask questions.”可知，此处表示“几乎每个人都将回答问题”，故选 A。3.E。根据上文“First of all”可知，此处列举了第二规则，故选E。4.D。根据下文中的“Real listening also means not just listening to words，”可知，此处表示“首先，它意味着”，故选 D。5.C。根据下文“Let people know what you feel”可知，此处表示“不要保守秘密”，故选 C。2)阅读短文填空：根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有完成句子、补全信息、

10、所给短文的缩写或制定各种规则等任务形式。所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语或者用其同义词、近义词或短语填空、有时甚至反义词或短语可能用于与短文中对应句子意思相反的语句中。【注意】阅读填空一般是原短文的改写，所以必须注意原短文的内容、情景和一些关键词，对照原短文的句子和一些词汇、短语，然后用同义词汇、短语来替换。短文填空要遵循原短文的内容和要点，不能脱离原作者的意思乱填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要适当发挥，答案可能不是唯一的。请看下面例题：阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容每空填写一个单词。Katie Spotz i

11、s a 22-year-old girl form America.She wants to cross the Atlantic Ocean by boat.If she succeeds,shell be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip.Spotz began sailing when she was at university,but she has never tried to sail such a long way before.It will be a great challenge

12、 for her.In recent years,she has swum all the way down the 325-mile Allegheny River and traveled by bike from Seattle to Washington.Spotz knows that she may see some dangerous things during the trip.It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea.But she believes tha

13、t she can deal with all the difficulties.“I never thought I could run 26 miles,”she said.“But once I finished it,I realized that maybe I could do something even more difficult.”Spotz wants to collect money by going on this trip.She wants to collect money for an organization called“Blue Planet run”.T

14、he organization offers free,safe drinking water to people who need it.It ll take her about three months to finish this trip.Good luck to this brave girl and best wishes to her!The age of Spotz(1)_ years old The distance of the trip(2)_ miles A dangerous thing during the trip is the(3)_ weather The p

15、urpose of the trip to collect(4)_for an organization The trip will take About(5)_months.【答案与解析】（1）22（2）2500（3）bad（4）money（5）3/three（1）根据短文第一句“Katie Spotz is a 22-year-old girl form America.”可知。（2）根据短文第三句“shell be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip.”可知。（3）根据第三段第二句“It wil

16、l be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather inthe middle of the sea”可知。（4）根据第五段的第二句She wants to collect money for an organization called“Blue Planet run”.可知。（5）根据最后一段第一句“It ll take her about three months to finish this trip.”可知。3)阅读短文改写句子这种题型要求在阅读材料的基础上,根据命题要求,改写文中划线的句子,或将文中的某一个句子译成英语或者汉语等。这一形

17、式涉及到写，就应当特别注意书写规范、拼写无误、语法正确等。【注意】要认真分析短文中划线句子的语法结构，注意句子的时态、语态，是简单句还是复合句，然后根据要求进行句型改写。要注意一些同义词短语的替换，为改写同义句打好基础。句子的意思、时态不能改变，改变的是句子的不同表达方式。对于一些翻译要注意英语和汉语的不同表达，切不可按照汉语的思维方式来翻译。请看下面例题：When I was a child,my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers.This was part of a whole list of thin

18、gs I should never do:never accept food or candy from strangers,never get in a car with strangers,and so on.But if we didnt start a conversation with strangers,wed never make new friends.We d never ge t a job.We may miss the joy that comes from talking with strangers.And the more people you know,the

19、more chances you can find.The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice.Dont just stare at your shoes.Go and say“Hi”to that new guy.It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures.British:Beautiful day,isnt it?The weather in Britain is changeable.S

20、o,its one of the topics the British care most about.And theres a simple rule:Say“Yes”whether youagree with the persons idea on the weather or not.That s because the British start a conversation using the weather so that they can continue their talk.French:Where did you go on holiday?To talk with a F

21、rench person,the safest way is to ask about his or her last holiday.French students enjoy a 10-to-15-day holiday every two months.French employees(雇员)get more than six weeks of holidays per year.American:So,where are you from?The US is so big and people move so often that location is always a source

22、(来源)of talk.You can try to find a connection with the place theyre from.For example,if someones from Los Angeles,you could say,“Oh,I have a friend who studied there.”(1)将文中处划线句子翻译成汉语。_(2)将文中处划线短语翻译成汉语。_(3)将文中处划线句子改写成同义句。That s because the British start a conversation using the weather _ _their talk.

23、(4)What do you usually talk about to start a conversation with a French person?_(5)What is the main idea of the passage?_【答案与解析】（1）我们可能会错过与陌生人交流的快乐。miss 在此处的意思是“错误”；that引导定语从句修饰joy；come from 的意思是“来自于”；talk with sb.表示“同某人谈话”。（2）打破沉默/打破僵局/开始说话。break the ice是习惯用法，表示“打破沉默，打破僵局”。（3）to continue/for contin

24、uing use sth.to do sth.=use sth.for doing sth.用来做（4）I/We can/usually talk about his/her(last)holiday./A holiday./Holidays.根据“To talk with a French person,the safest way is to ask about his or her last holiday.”可知答案。（5）How to start/begin a conversation with a stranger/How to break the ice(with strang

25、ers).文中“The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice.”是中心句，起到承上启下的作用，据此可以作答。因为任务型阅读命题的灵活性，除了上述题型外，各地中考题中还有根据释义写出文中出现的单词，或要求学生阅读一段文字，并根据文中所提供的信息画出示意图，如：路径、空间位置的设计图、物体形状图等题型，其目的都是考查学生运用语言去做事的能力。但是，无论题型如何变换，只要我们有扎实的英语知识、灵活的解题方法、尤其是认真地解题态度，都会迎刃而解的。2.任务型阅读的解题技巧：1)明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样，在

26、同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，看清要求，做到心中有数。2)一一对应，紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题的题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。3)注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则更需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。4)认真检

27、查。完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。【例题精讲】I.阅读下面两篇短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下列各题。You can buy chewing gum in nearly every country of the world.But it wasnt always like that.The American Indians were the first people to chew gum.This gum came from a special tree that grew on their land.In 1848,a sailor called

28、 John Curtis began selling it.He was the first person to sell chewing gum.The gum he sold cost just a few cents for two pieces.It became popular very quickly even though it was very hard to chew.Nowadays,other things are added to the gum to make it soft and sweet.By 1890,there were hundreds of diffe

29、rent chewing gums.The most famous name in chewing gum,however,is probably William Wrigley.He spent a lot of money in advertising and even sent free pieces of gum to children on their birthdays.He also said that chewing gum helped people work better and that it stopped people from feeling tired.Altho

30、ugh today many millions of people chew gum,not everyone thinks it is a good thing to do.Many people think it is dirty.The Singapore government does not allow people to buy chewing gum.One reason for this is that when some people have chewed all the taste out of their piece of gum,they take it out of

31、 their mouths and put it on to the backs of seats or other places.1.请将处翻译成汉语。_ 2.请根据处内容完成下面句子。（每空一词）People make chewing gum soft and sweet _ _ something to it.3.把处改为直接引语。（每空一词）He also said,“Chewing gum _ people work better and it _ people from feeling tired.”II.阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案(每空一词)。Mail orde

32、r is a term which describes the buying of goods or services by mail delivery（邮递）.The buyer places an order for the desired products with the salesman through some remote method such as through a telephone call or a website.Then,the products are delivered to the customer.The products are typically de

33、livered directly to an address supplied by the customer,such as a home address,but sometimes the orders are delivered to a nearby retail location for the customer to pick up.Some businessmen also allow the goods to be shipped directly to a third customer,which is an effective way to send a gift to a

34、n out-of-town friend.A mail order catalogue（目录）is a publication including a list of ordinary goods from a company.Companies who publish and operate mail order catalogues are treated as cataloguers within the industry.Goods are produced by people all over the world,such as in Australia,the USA,Canada

35、,China etc.And now many cataloguers,just as with most retailers(零售商),are increasingly buying goods from China.Title Mail order What Mail order is a way of 1 by mail delivery.How People can place an order by 2 a telephone call or searching the website.People can choose the goods they want by 3 up in

36、the catalogue.Where Now goods made in 4 are more and more popular in foreign countries.III.任务型阅读：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。In the UK,bus journeys are very common.Buses are often convenient（便利的）for the people who live or work in the city center.Passengers can avoid heavy traffic and not have to pay for th

37、e parking.However,taking the bus is just a necessary but boring part of life:they get on the bus,pay for it and sit or find a place to stand when it is crowded.Everyone seems sad and bored.In Latin America,however,bus trips can be wonderful.For a start,films are showed on the buses between cities fo

38、r passengers to have fun along the journeys.Local buses do not show films,but drivers usually turn on the radio and it can be great for passengers to listen to songs and get relaxed.Even better than films and music are the sights and sounds on the buses.Local buses always go to parts of the town tha

39、t passengers would not visit by themselves.There passengers can see shops that they have never heard about.And they can also see other cultures of the town from the windows of the buses.Besides,passengers luggage(行李)is also interesting.It is common to see a happy dogs head getting out of somebodys b

40、ag or a lovely chicken“speaking cheerfully”under somebodys arm.Once on a bus in Peru,a farmer even tied a sheep to the top of the bus.It was quite surprising.In all,taking the bus in Latin America is really fun and unforgettable.1.According to the passage,in the UK,how to passengers probably feel on

41、 the buses?They probably feel _.2.In Latin America,how can people have fun on the buses between cities?They can.3.In the writers opinion,what are even better than films and music on the buses?are.4.Why does the writer think passengers luggage is interesting?Because its common to see different kinds

42、of on the buses.5.What does the passage mainly tell us?It mainly tells us about in Latin America.【答案与解析】I.阅读下面两篇短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下列各题。1.但是过去并非如此。/但过去和现在的情况不一样。此处 like 是介词，意为“像”。2.by adding。考查同义句的转换，由第二句句意“现在，其他东西被加进口香糖中使得它软而且甜”可知，把它变成主动语态时，此处by 在这里作为介词，介词后面加 doing。3.helps;stops。考查同义句的转换，间接引语变成直接引语，需要注

43、意时态、人称和数的变化，一般现在时主语是第三人称单数，动词后要注意加-s。II.阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案(每空一词)。1.shopping/buying。第一段第一句话Mail order is a term which describes the buying of goods or services by mail delivery（邮递），告诉我们：邮购订单是一个描述通过邮递的方式购买商品或服务的术语。2.making。第一段第二句中 through a telephone call可知“通过打电话的方式”，by后接动词的-ing 形式。3.looking。由第二段的

44、第一句话A mail order catalogue（目录）is a publication including a list of ordinary goods from a company.“一张邮购订单目录是一个包含有一家公司的普通货物清单的出版物”可知，人们可以通过在目录里查询寻来选择他们想要的货物。4.China。由文章最后一句话And now many cataloguers,just as with most retailers（零售商）,are increasingly buying goods from China.可知“中国制造的物品在国外越来越流行了”。III.任务型阅读

45、：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。1.sad and bored。从第一段最后两句“they get on the bus,pay for it and sit or find a place to stand when it is crowded.Everyone seems sad and bored.”可知，乘客们的感受是悲伤而又无聊。2.watch a movie(movies)/see a film(film)。从第二段第二句“For a start,films are showed on the buses between cities for passengers to

46、 have fun along the journeys.”可知，人们可以看电影，所以答案为watch a movie(movies)/see a film(film)。3.The sights and sound(on the buses)。从第三段第一句“Even better than films and music are the sights and sounds on the buses.”可知答案。4.animals。由第四段内容可知，公共汽车上的各种动物让作者感到有趣。故填animals。5.the bus trip(journey)/trips(journeys)。根据文章主

47、要描述了拉丁美洲的公共汽车之旅，故填 the bus trip(journey)/trips(journeys)。【巩固练习】I.任务性阅读真题演练。I)阅读短文，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。Charles Darwin was a scientist who changed our understanding of the natural world.He is known as the Father of Modern Biology.Darwin spent all his life studying nature and making notes about all the speci

48、es(物种)he found.Darwin was born in 1809 in England.Like many geniuses he didnt do well at school and got poor marks.He was a good athlete though and loved exploring nature and collecting sea shells.He also kept doing chemistry experiments and so his classmates gave him the nickname Gas.His father was

49、 a doctor and expected Charles to become one too.Charles started studying medicine at Edinburgh University,but soon gave up his studies there.He went on to study religion at Cambridge University instead.There he started collecting insects like beetles and paid too little attention to his studies.In

50、1831,at the age of 22,Darwin went on a five-year expedition to South America,Australia and South Africa by ship.He was often seasick,but the things he saw on this long journey changed his life.He collected many fossils as well as animal and plant specimens.He spent the rest of his life studying what