2020年1月2020届清华中学生标准学术能力诊断性考试英语试卷及答案.pdf

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1、2020 年 1 月 2020 届清华中学生标准学术能力诊断性考试英语试卷祝考试顺利本试卷共 150 分，考试时间 100分钟。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 60 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分)A Four of the Oldest Buildings in the World Knap of Howar One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar,which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE.The farmhouse is one of the oldes

2、t,still-standing stone houses in Europe.It includes two stone homes linked through a hidden passage and joint walls.Archaeologists say Irish or Scottish monks could be the first builders and residents of the Knap of Howar.Although the house is still standing,these abandoned places around the world a

3、re better candidates for restoration.Ggantija Temples The Megalithic Temples of Malta,or the Ggantija Temples,date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE.The two temples on the island of Malta are UNESCO World Heritage sites.It s one of the oldest free-standing monuments in the world.Archaeologists think the temp

4、le was used for ritual animal sacrifices.Shunet el-Zebib Shunet el-Zebib is partially standing,but mostly in ru ins.It s still,however,one of the oldest buildings in the world.The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is of mud and brick.It has an underground tomb as well as an above-ground complex.Arch

5、itecturally,it s a nod to the Egyptian pyramids soon to come.Tomb of Cyrus Built in 530 BCE,the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Irans World Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the planet.Its also believed to be one of the first earthquake-protected structures in the world,according to Atlas Ob

6、scura.The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation.1.What do the four buildings have in common?A.All of them are located in Europe.B.All of them are made of stone and mud.C.All of them are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.D.All of them were built b

7、efore the birth of Christ.2.Which of the four buildings may be the strongest?A.Knap of Howar.B.Ggantija Temples.C.Shunet el-Zebib.D.Tomb of Cyrus.3.Which of the following is True according to the passage?A.Shunet el-Zebib is earthquake protected.B.Tomb of Cyrus has an underground tomb.C.Ggantija Tem

8、ples are built by Irish monks.D.Knap of Howar may be the oldest building among the four.B In the summer of 2010,Deborah Barrett and her son,Anthony,walked out of a restaurant near the Edmonton high school from which hed graduated two years earlier.They had volunteered to wash dishes there to give An

9、thony something to do,but when they went out,the sun sliced through the clouds and Deborah had a realization:my kid is not spending his life in a dish pit.Cleaning plates isnt the only option for high-school graduates.But Anthony has autism(自闭症)and is mostly non-verbal,aside from short words in answ

10、er to yes-or-no questions and the Eeeee sounds he makes when hes excited,happy or frustrated.Once a person with intellectual disabilities ages out of school,“Theres no life for them,”Deborah says.Programs end,and jobs are usually humble.As her son entered his 20s,Deborah thought about what he could

11、do and what he enjoyed.Among his likes:being driven around and carrying things,as well as seeing new places but not staying long.Maybe he could be a courier?The catch:Anthony doesnt move fast,and courier jobs would require his support staff to be his driver and co-worker.That wasnt an issue for Mike

12、 Hamm.In 2012,hebecame Anthonys new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of their days delivering packages as a team.The pair called their venture Anthony at Your Service,signed a few customers and set out in Hamms lorry.Seven years later,boxes awaiting distribution are piled on the porc

13、h of the home.Anthony,30,shares with Deborah and her husband,David,a lawyer.The company now has two-dozen delivery teams-each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor-in Edmonton and Calgary.Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intel

14、lectual disabilities,and all the logistics that come along with that,wasn t the original plan,Deborah says.But the realities of delivery work-the peaks and valleys in demand,the long hours-meant that Anthony and Hamm couldn t shoulder the load alone.And the feedback she received from Albertas autist

15、ic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a company that understood them.Run ning Anthony at Your Service has become Deborahs full-time,and she gave up her psychotherapy practice and the presidency of Autism Society Alberta a couple years ago.“What I m doing for An

16、thony nowhas made more difference in his life than any of that other work,”she says.“We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abilities and disabilities.”4.Whats the future of the persons with intellectual disabilities according to Deborah?A.They will lose their lives.B.They will get well

17、-paid jobs.C.They will clean plates in restaurants.D.They will find it hard to find a decent job.5.What does the underlined word“courier”mean in the 3rd paragraph?A.Accountant.B.Barber.C.Deliveryman.D.Engineer.6.What can be inferred from the passage?A.David launched the company for his son.B.Anthony

18、 s contractors are mainly disabled.C.Deborah gave up her original job unwillingly.D.Mike Hamm is an intellectually disabled person.7.Which of the following words can best describe Deborah Barrett?A.Accessible.B.Caring.C.Humorous.D.Modest.C Jellyfish are unusual creatures.Theyre neither fish nor jell

19、y.Some are among the most colourful creatures in the world,but it s best to look but not touch these invertebrates(无脊椎动物).Not only are they very fragile creatures,but many give a painful sting,and some are even deadly.Whether you admire them in an aquarium or try to avoid them in the wild,you wont b

20、e able to get these fascinating jellyfish facts out of your head.Heres a jellyfish fact that might come in handy:There are several names for a group of jellyfish.They include smack,bloom,and swarm.Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blo

21、oming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers,and whether you re admiring them at an aquarium or if you and your fellow snorkelers are surrounded.Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other.Scientific American explains that an adult jellyfi

22、sh,called a medusa,has a bell-shaped body with tentacles(触须)flowing down below it.Young jellyfish,called polyps,look more like sea anemones,with shorter tentacles that flow up above the main body.Medusas reproduce by releasing eggs.Melanie Roberts,Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando,says that the la

23、rgest jellyfish in the world is a lions mane jellyfish.The body of this beautiful orange jelly can grow up to three feet in diameter.With its 12,000 tentacles that can grow 120 feet long,Oceana.org adds that the lions mane jelly compares in size to the planets largest animal:the blue whale.Regardles

24、s of their size,jellyfish are mostly made of water.In fact,they re about 95 per cent water.These creatures dont have brains,blood,or bones.And most jellyfish dont have eyes.Jellyfish also use theirmouths both for eating and for waste removal.8.Why can t we touch jellyfish?A.Because they may be stung

25、.B.Because they may die easily.C.Because they may feel painful.D.Because they may hurt people.9.What are jellyfish named after?A.Its size.B.Its color.C.Its appearance.D.Its lifestyle.10.What can we learn from the passage?A.Mouth is an important organ for jellyfish.B.Polyps can clone themselves by la

26、ying eggs.C.The largest jellyfish in the world is 120 feet long.D.Medusas have tentacles flowing up above the body.11.What can be the best title of the passage?A.Several facts about jellyfish.B.The two main forms of jellyfish.C.Jellyfish are neither fish nor jelly.D.Jellyfish have many different nam

27、es.D Any time we burn fossil fuels,we re pumping fine particulate matter(细颗粒物)from oil,gas and other toxins(毒素)into the air.“Some of these carbon particles can persist in the lungs for decades,”says Dr.Don Sin,a respirologist and director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation in Vancouver.Over 7,0

28、00 Canadians died from complications due to poor air quality in 2015.A study in the European Heart Journal earlier this year found that air pollution now kills 8.8 million people worldwide per year-more than tobacco smoking.Sin adds that women s lungs seem particularly easy to get cancer from pollut

29、ion.Currently,10,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year,and 15 per cent of new cases are people who have never smoked.“In Canada,lung-cancer deaths in female non-smokers will very soon probably outnumber the deaths from breast cancer,because lung cancer is so deadly,”he says.Contributing t

30、o air pollution are the 8,000 wildfires we experience every year in Canada,like those that destroyed large areas of Alberta this past spring.These are increasing in frequency and intensity with our hotter,drier spells.A study in the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine found that prescriptions for

31、 an asthma and COPD drug rose by 22 per cent in the Yellowknife region in the summer of 2014,when it was surrounded by wildfire smoke.The number of ER visits for breathing problems was 42 per cent higher;for children,it more than doubled.Another threat to breathing is mould,which is a concern in are

32、as with repeated flooding,such as around New Brunswick s Saint John River,where floodwaters have been in homes for two years in a row and displaced more than 200 families.Moulds produce toxins and spores that can trigger allergic reactions or infections if taken in.Rising sea levels and increased ur

33、ban development,combined with intense rainfalls,mean we will see a lot more of it.To avoid breathing polluted air,wear a mask rated N95-not a surgical mask,which is useless,says Sin.“Those are too thin and easily torn.They wont protect you at all from air particles.”On bad-air days,get your exercise

34、 indoors,for instance by walking in an air-conditioned mall.12.Which of the following is True according to the passage?A.15 per cent of Canadian women have never smoked.B.1,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year.C.Air pollution has killed 8.8 million people in the world.D.Over 7,000 Canadi

35、ans died as a result of air pollution in 2015.13.What may cause the wildfires in Canada according to the passage?A.Hot weather.B.Cigarette end.C.Dry plants.D.Poor management.14.What of the following is NOT a factor to produce moulds?A.Sea levels rising.B.Development of countryside.C.Lots of rainfall

36、s.D.Growth of city.15.What should be suggested to prevent breathing polluted air?A.Wearing a surgical mask.B.Taking exercise.C.Walking indoors.D.Sleeping longer hours.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。From time to time,even the most productive professionals procrasti

37、nate(拖延).When your tendency to procrastinate is starting to make your overall quality of work and life suffer,_16_.Heres what Forbes Coaches Council members recommend doing to stop racing the clock.Take the tiniest step possible When you dont feel motivated,take the smallest step possible toward you

38、r goal.After taking that step,youre more likely to continue taking more steps toward that goal._17_.Give yourself a hard deadline,and then schedule it The best way to overcome a natural tendency to procrastinate is to create a hard deadline for yourself and then put it on the calendar._18_.Then hono

39、r it the same way you would if your boss were waiting for you to complete the task._19_ Become a detective or a scientist about your pattern of procrastinating.Notice your thoughts,feelings,behaviors and the situation when you feel like procrastinating.Write these down.Often perfectionism,which we m

40、ay experience as anxiety,underlies the tendency to postpone action.Once you understand your pattern,you can hold yourself accountable in a positive and self-compassionate way.Give yourself a reward for each task you complete _20_.Then give yourself a little reward for doing it.(piece of candy,a few

41、minutes on Social media,etc.).Then do something on your list that you want to do and continue alternating from there.This makes your tasks less daunting.A.Identify a positive outcome from your action B.Treat the deadline the same as if your boss created it C.Understand the underlying reasons youre p

42、rocrastinating D.find a way to make overcoming procrastination interesting E.its time to do a reality check and break yourself of the habit F.Make a list of things you need to do and do the one you dont want to do first G.Instead of telling yourself to work out for an hour,say youll go for 10 minute

43、s 第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 55 分)第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In the fall of 1968,I returned home from teaching Grades 1 through 3 in Newfoundland to teach Grades 1 and 2 in southern Manitoba.I felt the best way for my Prairie students to improve thei

44、r _21_ of life and culture on Newfoundlands northern island was to become pen pals with the students there.One way for the children to _22_ different cultures at the time was through writing,where asking questions could satisfy their _23_.For students to have someone other than their teacher read th

45、eir letters was a great _24_ to write.The whole class in my Prairie school classroom had the _25_ to have a pen pal from northern Newfoundland.To set the stage,I introduced them to their pen pals using pictures and interesting _26_,such as the boy who came to school _27_ because their parents were i

46、n charge of the lighthouse,or the little girls playing a circle game chanting,“A Tisket,a Tasket,A Green and Yellow Basket.”There were _28_ of lobsters cooking on the wood stove for the evening meals and baby seals crying on the ice floes in spring._29_ most of my students were interested in the liv

47、es and _30_ of these Newfoundland children,the writing lasted only a short while,_31_ Eleanor,a Grade 2 student from the Prairies,and Lois,a Grade 3 student from northern Newfoundland.Eleanor and Loris wrote to each other from the ages of seven and eight _32_,and kept in touch for almost two _33_ be

48、fore losing contact for a time.In 2003,I received an email from Lois,telling me that she had found Eleanor on Facebook and that they had _34_.“Yes,it was _35_ that I was to find Eleanor again,”wrote Lois.Eleanor remembered that it had been exciting to find a _36_in the mailbox with her name on it.La

49、ter on,in their communication,they both _37_ what they had in common,including Christian faith,values and the love of writing.They _38_ stories of family experiences,dreams,children and professions.They were determined to keep in touch _39_ the 4,737 kilometers,different cuisine and traditions that

50、separated them.Although they have not met _40_,Eleanor and Lois are still in touch via e-mail.Lois now lives in St.Johns,while Eleanor lives in rural Manitoba.21.A.admiration B.awareness C.desire D.influence 22.A.experience B.remember C.explain D.compare 23.A.demand B.needs C.curiosity D.expectation