04中考英语语法专题复习:数词的用法(知识讲解、巩固练习).pdf
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1、中考英语专题复习:数词的用法【用法讲解】考试要求:中考关于数词的考查要求是:基数词表示数目和号码的用法;基数词表示年级、班级、房间和编号的用法;hundred,thousand,million 和 billion 的用法;序数词表示次序的用法;分数的表达方式及用法;定冠词the和序数词连用知识点等。数词的概念:表示数目多少或者顺序先后的词叫数词,它有两种形式:表示数目多少的叫基数词。如:one一,two 二,three三,four 四。表示顺序先后的词叫序数词。如:first 第一,second第二,third 第三,fourth 第四,fifth 第五。1.基数词:A.基数词的构成:(1)1
2、12的基数词是:one 1,two 2,three 3,four 4,five 5,six 6,seven 7,eight 8,nine 9,ten 10,eleven 11,twelve 12。(2)1319 的基数词:分别在 39 的基数词后加词缀 teen,但要注意几个特殊变化的基数词:13thirteen,15fifteen,18eighteen。(3)2090 的逢十的基数词:分别在29 的基数词后加 ty 构成,即:20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,60sixty,70seventy,80eighty,90ninety。(注意 20,30,40,5
3、0,80 拼写的特殊变化。)(4)2129 的基数词:由十位数20 的单词形式 twenty 加个位数 19 构成。中间用连字符。即:21twenty-one,22twenty-two,23twenty-three,24twenty-four,25twenty-five,26twenty-six,27twenty-seven,28twenty-eight,29twenty-nine。其他的十位数照此类推。(5)百位数是由 19 加 hundred构成。例如:200two hundred。有百位数、十位数和个位数的三位数,百位数和十位数之间用and 连接。例如:127one hundred an
4、d twenty-seven。(6)千位数是由 19 加 thousand构成,后面的百位数、十位数和个位数与前面的构成方法一样。例如:3000three thousand。1,149one thousand one hundred and forty-nine。英语没有“万”这个单位。10,000ten thousand。十万用one hundred thousand,但有百万这个单位million。B.基数词应用的几点注意事项:(1)基数词可以用来表示年级、班级、房间号码、电话号码和编号。并且表示单位词的开头字母要大写。如:I am in Class Five,Grade Nine.我在九
5、年级五班。Tomorrow we are going to learn Lesson Five.明天我们将要学习第五课。(2)基数词作为数字在句子中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,但是代表可数名词的复数形式时要用复数。例如:In the western countries,people think thirteen is unlucky number.在西方国家,人们认为13 是一个不吉利的数字。Two of them are from America.他们中有两人是从美国来的。(Two=Two people)(3)基数词的单位 hundred,thousand,million 和 bil
6、lion 等用来表示具体数目,前面有具体的基数词时,这些词的后面不加 s。但是当 hundred,thousand,million和 billion 等用来表示不具体的数目时用“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of 名词”来表示,这些词的前面也不用具体的基数词。如:There are ten hundred students in our school.我们学校有 1000 名学生。We have already planted thousands of trees on the farm.我们在农场里已经种植了成千上万棵树。2.序数词:A.序数词的构
7、成:(1)119的序数词除了第一(first),第二(second)和第三(third)之外,其他的序数词是由基数词加后缀th 构成的。如:第四 fourth,第六 sixth,第七 seventh等。注意:几个序数词的特殊变化:fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。(2)逢十的序数词的构成方法是:先将“几十”的基数词的词尾-ty 变为-tie 再加 th。如:第 20twentieth,第 30thirtieth,第 40fortieth。(3)两位数的序数词如果包含19 的个位数,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词。如:第 21(twenty-firs
8、t),第 34(thirty-fourth)等。(4)百、千、万的序数词有hundredhundredth,thousand thousandth等。B.序数词的用法:(1)序数词在句子中主要作定语,有时也可以用作主语、宾语和表语。如:The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant.第六个人走上前去摸象。I think the first is better than the second.我认为第一个比第二个好。My sister is the fourth in this exam.我妹妹这次考试是第四名。(2)定冠词 the和序数词连用表示
9、顺序。不定冠词 a/an和序数词连用表示“又一、再一”的意思。如:You are the second and I am the fourth.你第二,我第四。(表示顺序)Can you do it a third time?你能再做一次吗?(已经做过两次了)3.分数表示法:分数是以基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,分母的序数词都要用复数。a half1/2one third1/3two thirds2/3a(one)quarter 或 one fourth 1/4 分数在句子中作主语的时候,谓语动词的单、复数形式由of 后面的名词来决定。如果 of 后面的名词是可数名
10、词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of 后面的名词是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:It is said that two thirds of information on the Internet is not true.据说互联网上三分之二的信息是不真实的。Two fifths of the students in my class are from the village.我们班五分之二的学生来自那个村子。4.年、月、日、时的表示法【高清课堂:Dates】(1)年代890eight hundred and ninety1984nineteen eighty-four 20
11、00two thousand2009two thousand and nine 1990s(1990s)nineteen nineties二十世纪九十年代(2)日期September 1,2009,读作:September the first,two thousand and nine(3)时刻数字写法读法8:00 8:10 8:15 8:30 8:40 8:45 eight oclockten past eight(a)quarter past eight half past eight twenty to nine(a)quarter to nine eight eight ten eig
12、ht fifteen eight thirty eight forty eight forty-five【真题再现】1.About of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class.A.two fifth B.two fifths C.second five D.two five 2.David Beckham has _ children.Brooklyn Beckham is his _ son.A.third,first,B.three,one C.three,first D.third,one 3.Its neve
13、r too old to learn.Karl Marx began to learn English in his _.A.the fiftieth B.fiftieth C.fifty D.fifties 4.In his _,Wilson returned to his hometown and began to teach.A.thirty B.thirties C.thirtieth 5._ month of the year is May.A.Two B.The second C.Five D.The fifth 6.I live in Room 403,Sam lives in
14、the room right above mine,on the _ floorAthird Bthree Cfifth Dfive 7.Basketball is so exciting that _ people play it for fun.A.million B.two millions C.million of D.millions of 8.Boys and girls,please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture.AFifth;five BFive;five CFifth;fifth DFive;fifth 9.Helen lo
15、ves reading.She has read _ books this month.A.five B.fifth C.five of D.fifth of 10It s my _ time to come to the bookstore this month because most of the books in it are my favorite.Aforth Bfour Cfourth 11.The _ biggest earthquakes in Nepal(尼泊尔)have killed more than 8,000 people.Atwo Bsecond Ctwice 1
16、2.We are going on holiday in the _ week of July A.two B.twice C.second 13._ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.A.Fifth two B.Two fifth C.Fifth second D.Two fifths【答案与解析】1.B。句意:我们班大约有五分之二的同学喜欢写英语日记。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。2.C。句意:大卫 贝克汉姆有三个孩
17、子,布鲁克林 贝克汉姆是他的第一个孩子。基数词表示名词的数目的多少。序数词表示事物的顺序。根据句意,可知选 C。3.D。句意:活到老,学到老。Karl Marx 在他五十多岁的时候开始学英语。“in ones逢十数字的复数形式”表示“在某人 岁时”。例如:in her thirties 在她三十多岁时。故D 项正确。4.B。本句意为:在他三十多岁时,威尔逊回到家乡,开始教学。in ones thirties在某人三十多岁时;故答案选B。5.D。基数词表示数量的多少,序数词表示顺序,此处明显选择序数词,第五个月是 May.6.C。句意为:我住在 403 房间。Sam住在我的正上方,在五楼。由语境
18、可知,正上方应该是五楼,定冠词后要用序数词。故选C。7.D。million 不单独使用表示数字,一种方式为two million;另一种则是millions of 的表达方式,表达概数,意为“数以百万计的”,故答案为 D。8.D。第一空名词“Page”后应用基数词表示位置,意为“第五页”,相当于 the fifth page;第二空名词“picture”之前应用序数词表示顺序,故选D。9.A。句意:Helen 爱读书。她这个月已经读了五本了。修饰books应该用基数词 five,可知答案为 A 项。10.C。句意为:这是我这个月第四次来这家书店,因为这里的大部分图书我都特别喜欢。forth 不
19、是数词,意为“向前”;four 基数词,意为“四”;fourth 序数词,意为“第四”,修饰名词 time,time 在此意为“次数”,故应该用序数词fourth,选 C。11.B。句意:尼泊尔的第二次大地震死了8000多人。two 两个,是基数词;second第二,是序数词;twice 两次,是量词。根据the+序数词+最高级,可知此处用序数词。故选B。12.C。句意:我们打算在七月的第二周去度假。由语境可知,此处指“七月的第二周”,故用序数词 second。two 意为“二”,为基数词;twice 意为“两次”。故选 C。13.D。句意:那个地区五分之二的地方覆盖着树和草。英语中分数的分子
20、放在前面,用基数词表示,分母放在后面,用序数词表示;当分子为一时,分母用单数,当分子大于一时,分母用复数,所以五分之二用英语表示为two fifths。故选 D。【巩固练习】I.单项选择。1.Good morning,Madam.Can I help you?Sure,Id like _for cooking vegetables.A.two cups of tea B.three pieces of bread C.five kilos of oil D.four bottles of milk 2.Nearly _of the earth _ covered by sea.A.three
21、fourth,is B.three fourths,is C.three fourth,are D.three fourths,are 3.We ll be back for our schools _anniversary ceremony.I see.That means youll have a get-together with your classmates in _ years.A.fifteen,seven B.fifteenth,seven C.fifteen,seventh D.fifteenth,seventh 4.Which class won the match in
22、the end?I m not quite sure.Perhaps _did.A.Class Third B.Third Class C.Class Three D.Three Class 5.There are _ people in the supermarket.Its so crowded.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 6.The number of the students in our school is about nine _._ of them are boys.A.hundred;Two thirds B.
23、hundred;Two third C.hundreds;Two thirds D.hundreds;Two third 7.My brother is a _ boy and he cant go to school now.A.four years B.four-year-old C.four-years-oldD.four years old 8.It is said that the big fish in the lake is about _.A.four meters long B.four meter long C.four-meter longD.four-meters lo
24、ng 9.Whats the date today?It is _.A.March the eighth B.March eight C.eight MarchD.eighth March 10.Where does your English teacher live?He lives on _ floor of that red building.A.fiveB.fifthC.the fifthD.the five 11.This is my _time to play the piano at our school.A.secondB.two C.secondsD.the two 12.O
25、ur English teacher tells us that the _day of the week is Sunday.A.sevenB.seventhC.firstD.one 13.There are _days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundred and sixty-five C.three hundred and sixty fiveD.three hundreds and sixty five 14.My pen pal,Jack,is in_ in a high school in American.A.
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