12中考英语语法专题复习：非谓语动词(知识讲解、巩固练习).pdf

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1、中考英语语法专题复习：非谓语动词【用法讲解】考试要求：非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：1.it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；2.感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法；3.动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；4.一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带 to；5.有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing 形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1.动词不定式（1）动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。（2）动词不定式的句法功能

2、：功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to speak English 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every dayTo clean the room every day is my work 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to p

3、lay basketball 他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make，let，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I m sorry to trouble you(表原因)很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式

4、作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1)不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful It is useful to learn English well学好英语很有用。It s important for us to protect the environment保护环境对我们来说很重要。注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用 of。如：It s very kind

5、of you to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。It s very clever of you to do like that你那样做真是太聪明啦!2)不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗?在 find，think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read Engl

6、ish every day 我发现每天读英语很容易。常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式why not do.，why don t you do.，had better(not)do.，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not)do.如：I would rather stay in the room 我宁愿待在房间里。3)不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Lucy asked him to

7、turn down the radio 露西让他关小收音机。My mother encourages me to learn Japanese我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4)不定式作定语不定式作定

8、语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about 没有什么可担心的。5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didn t know where to go他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)2.动名词（1）动名词构成：一般由“动

9、词原形+-ing”构成。（2）动名词的句法功能：功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾动词I like playing basketball very much表示一般的习惯或抽象行语宾语我非常喜欢打篮球。为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stamps Collecting stamps is his hobby 他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作

10、主语。定语She is in the reading room 她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods 我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend.(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，

11、cant help 可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)3.分词（1）分词的构成：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。（2）分词的句法功能：功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing un

12、der the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；Please hand in your written exercises 请交上你们的笔试练习。过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encoura

13、ging 形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move 这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time 不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。【

14、例题精讲】1.Some children cant afford _ necessary stationary.Lets donate our pocket money to them.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought 2.My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit.A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat 3.Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money _ poor young girls return

15、to school.A.to save B.saving C.helping D.to help 4.Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.A.save B.saving C.to save D.saves 5.Tom s mother told him _ eating too much meat.A.stopping B.to stop C.stops D.stopped 6.Hey guys,Chinese way of _ the road is very dangerous.You must wait for the gree

16、n lights on.Thank you for your advice,sir.A.going B.walking C.crossing D.passing 7.What else should we pay attention to _ building the bridge?The change of the weather,I think.A.finish B.finished C.to finish D.finishing 8.Tom,why are you in such a hurry?Oh,my bike is broken,Im going to have it _.A.r

17、epairing B.repaired C.to repair 9.The WWF is working hard _ the animals in danger Asave Bto save Csaves Dsaved 10.Sarah,youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.A.run B.runs C.to run D.running 11.This sign is used _ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zooAto warn Bto warning

18、Cto make Dto making 12.Thanks to the robots,the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _ boring numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto process Cprocessed Dprocess 13.My friend invited me _ the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining 14.Martin was so

19、busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job.A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help 15The traffic signs warn people after drinking.A.to drive B.not to drive C.driving D.don t drive【答案与解析】1.C。句意：一些孩子买不起必要的文具。让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford 后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C 项。2.D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故选 D。3

20、.D。句意：春蕾计划是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B 和 C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。4.C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。5.B。本题意为：Tom 的妈妈告诉他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。6.C。本题意为：嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必须等待绿灯亮。先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。7.C。本题意为：我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么

21、？我想应该注意天气的变化。本题考查动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意”。to 是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但本题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为 C。8.B。本题意为：Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth.done意为“使某事、某物被”，故答案选 B。9.B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。10.D。句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run 跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run 动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，故选D。11

22、.A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，为固定用法，故选A。12.A。spend+时间+(in)doing sth意为“做某事花费多少时间”，故选 A。13.B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。join 动词原形；to join 动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining 动名词形式。invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，结合句意及结构，故答案为B 项。14.A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某

23、事”。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A 项。15.B。句意:交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb.to do sth意为“警告某人干某事”；warn sb.not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事”。【巩固练习】I.单项选择。1 How about going hiking this weekend?Sorry.I prefer _ rather than _.Ato stay at home；go out Bto go out；stay at home Cstaying at home；go out Dgoing out；stay at home 2 Could you tel

24、l me how to improve spoken English?Well,just take every c hance to practice _ and dont be shy.Aspeak Bto speak Cspeaking Dspoke 3.He pretended _ me when he walked by.Anot see Bnot to see Cdont see Dto not see 4Listen!There must be someone _ through the jungle.Atrek Btreking Ctrekking D.to trek 5She

25、writes slowly so she has trouble _ notes in class.Ataken Btaking Cto take D.took 6My English teacher is easy _ so we all like her.Ato get along with B.get along with Cto get along D.getting along with 7 Peter is busy _ at school，but he never forgets _ exercise every dayAworking；doing Bworking；to do

26、Cat work；doing 8I saw a UFO _ on the square in my dreamAto drop B1and Cwear Dto fly 9Tom s mother asked him _ some washing after dinnerAto do Bdoes Cdo Ddid 10Do you like playing the piano?Yes，but I dont know _ play it wellAwhat Bhow Cwhat to Dhow to 11 He made some toys _ his little son Aplease Bto

27、 please Cpleasing Dpleased 12Teenagers should not _.Aallowed to drive Bbe allow to driving Cbe allowed driving Dbe allowed to drive 13I m very _ and I really need an _ vacation.Atired,exciting Btired,excited Ctiring,exciting Dtiring,excited 14Hes very good at English.He spends most of his free time

28、_ new words.Aremember Bremembering Cremembers Dremembered 15 When are you leaving for the concert?Im not sure.I havent finished _ the dishes.Ado Bto do Cdoing Ddone 16 Why did you buy a radio?_ English.ALearn BLearning CTo learn DBe learning 17The best way to learn English is _ you _ in an English-s

29、peaking environment.Alet;live Bto let;to live Cletting;living Dto let,live 18The boy is often seen _ play basketball after school.Aplay Bto play Cto playing Dplayed II.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Jenny saw a wallet _（lie）on the ground.2.The heavy snow stopped them from_(go)out for a walk the day before yesterday

30、.3.Don t you hear someone _(sing)in the next room?4.The little girl really feels like_(eat)eggs.5.Keep _(try).You are sure to get a good result.6.Lily finished _(read)the book yesterday.7.Mr Lee made us _(laugh)8.The children should be told _(not break)the traffic rules.That s right.9.He found it ha

31、rd _(catch)up with his classmates,because all his classmates worked very hard.10.This is the best way _(work)out this problem.【答案与解析】I.单项选择。1.A。考查句型 prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.，表示“宁愿，而不愿”。句子的意思是“这个周末去远足怎么样？很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去”。2.C。practice的意思是“练习”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为 C 项。3.B。pretend的意思是“

32、假装”，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除 A 和 C，其否定形式为 pretend not to do sth.，所以答案为 B 项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我”。4.C。分析句子结构可知，该空要使用现在分词作定语，trek 的现在分词形式是 trekking，所以答案为 C 项。5.B。此题考查结构 have trouble doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，答案为 B项。6.A。be easy to do sth.表示“做某事是容易的”，注意 get along with中的介词with 不可省，所以答案为A 项。7 B。句意：彼得在学校忙于工作，但他每天

33、从不忘记做锻炼。be busy doing sth.忙着做某事；forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情还未做)。8B。句意：在梦里，我看见一个不明飞行物在广场上着陆。see sb./sth.do sth看见某人/某物做某事；land意为“着陆”。9A。句意：汤姆的妈妈让他晚饭后洗碗。ask sb.to do sth.(动词不定式作宾语补足语)让某人做某事。故选A。10D。句意为“你喜欢弹钢琴吗?是的，但我不知道怎样才能弹好它”。由句子结构可知，it 作 play 的宾语，所以不能用what。此处考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”，故选 D。11B。句意：他制作了一些玩具来讨好他年幼的儿子。

34、这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。12.D。此题考查句型 allow sb.to do sth.，表示“允许某人做某事”，此处使用的是被动语态。句子的意思是“青少年不应该被允许驾车”。13.A。tiring“累人的；令人疲倦的，麻烦的；无聊的”，常用来形容物；tired“疲倦的，厌倦的，厌烦的”，常用来形容人。由此可知第一空使用tired。excited 意思是“兴奋的，激动的”，多用来修饰人；exciting 意思是“使人兴奋的，刺激的，令人惊心动魄的，极其有趣的”，修饰物。由此可知答案为A 项。14.B。此题考查结构 spend some time(in)doing

35、sth.，表示“花费时间做事某”，所以答案为 B 项。15.C。finish 动词，意为“完成”，其后接动名词作宾语，所以答案为C 项。16.C。上句的意思是“你为什么买收音机？”答案为 C 项，不定式表示目的，也就是说，买收音机的目的是学习英语。17.D。let sb.do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，由此可以排除 B 和 C；第一空所填词要作表语，可以使用不定式，但不能使用动词，所以D 项正确。18.B。在短语 see sb.do sth.（看见某人做某事）中，动词see后跟不带 to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时要加上to。所以答案为 B 项。II.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.lyi

36、ng 2.going 3.singing 4.eating 5.trying 6.reading 7.laugh 8.not to break 9.to catch 10.to work 中考英语语法专项复习非谓语动词考点分析动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语，非谓语动词为中考必考考点，考点有动名词、动词不定式的基本用法；动名词、动词不定式作宾语的固定搭配等。考题常在单项填空、完形填空、单词填空中设置13 分的题。知识梳理一、动词不定式思维导图记知识一、动词不定式：动词不定式形式：不定式记号to+动词原形”

37、构成否定形式只要在“to”前面加上“not”动词不定式可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语谓语动词(vt.)+不定式题谓语动词+疑问词+不定式动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语（一）形式：基本形式:to+动词原形否定形式:not to+动词原形（二）动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English 不定式作主语时,常常可用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean

38、the room every day.多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的 职业,职责等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.在 make,let,see,hear,watch 等使役,感官动词后,不定式省略 to 定语Have you got anything to say?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)I went to the library to study Engl

39、ish.(表目的)不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.To learn English well is useful.=It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.备注:在 kind/good/nice/clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用 for 而用 of.如:Its very kind of yo

40、u to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦.Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦.2.不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令,打算或希望的,如：would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等.如:Would you like to see a film this evening?在 find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面.如；I find it easy to read English every day.3.不定式

41、作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语.如:My mother encourage me to learn Japanese.备注:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to.这些动词有:一感(feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(let,make,have),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但是被动语态时,必须加上to.如:The boss made my fri

42、ends work the whole night.My friends were made towork the whole night by the boss.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后.如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词.如:There is nothing to worry about.5.不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how 连用,构成 疑问句+不定式 结构,在句中作主语,宾语,语.如:The teacher is telling the students what to do.He didn

43、t know where to go.6.常见的一些后跟不带to 的动词不定式结构:Why not do.,Why dont you do.,had better do.,would rather do,could/would/will you please do.I would rather stay at home.二.动名词（一）形式基本形式:动词原形+ing 否定形式:not v-ing(二)动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.有时可用 it 作形式主语宾语动词宾语I like playing basketbal

44、l very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters./表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语定语She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods./（三）动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用 for

45、sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/It is very difficult(for us)to learn Chinese well.(对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)（四）动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。1.及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语)说明 want(想)/try(试图)/decide(决定)/would like(想要

46、)/hope(希望)/love(喜爱)/learn(学会)/afford(提供)/agree(同意)/fail(失败、未能)/mean(意味着)/prefer(宁愿)/wish(希望)+to(do)(无)help(帮助)to 可以省略begin(开始)/start(开始)/hate(憎恨)也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记)/remember(记得)/like(总爱)也可跟动名词,意义变化较大如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下)/They began to search the room for the thie

47、f.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/Don t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门2 1 c n j y 比较 He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.)(没关)/He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了)/Ple

48、ase remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话)/I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)2.及物动词+疑问词+不定式：谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾语)说明 tell(告诉)/show(显示)/know(知道)/ask(问)/find out(发现)/understand(明白)/wonder(疑惑)/learn(学会)/forget(忘记)/remember(记得)/teach sb.(教某人)/discuss(商讨)what

49、 where+how+to(do)who which 不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/She asked me wh at to do for todays homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)3.不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用 it 代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后

50、置。如：I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易)（五）动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。1.记住下面的一些结构：被修饰部分+不定式(作后置定语)汉 语 意 思a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子give her a book to read 给她一本书读Is there any(+名词/代词)to(do)?有要(做的)吗?It s timeto go.是走的时间了。/该走了。Do you have any