马克吐温哈克贝利费恩历险记.ppt

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1、邵小乐邵小乐 英语英语09-03班班310914010314The adventures of Huckleberry Finn马克马克吐温（吐温（Mark Twain,1835年年11月月30日日1910年年4月月21日）日）,原原名萨缪尔名萨缪尔兰亨兰亨克莱门克莱门（Samuel Langhorne Clemens),是美国的幽是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，默大师、小说家、作家，也是著名演说家，也是著名演说家，19世世纪后期纪后期美国现实主义美国现实主义文文学的杰出代表。学的杰出代表。童年：生活清苦，在印刷所当学徒。童年：生活清苦，在印刷所当学徒。青年：在密西西比河上作领航员。青年：在密

2、西西比河上作领航员。南北战争爆发后，去西部淘金，后南北战争爆发后，去西部淘金，后在报馆作记者。开始创作生涯。在报馆作记者。开始创作生涯。傻子国外旅行记傻子国外旅行记（1869）过苦日子过苦日子（1872）19世纪世纪70年代初，他同一位富商的女儿奥年代初，他同一位富商的女儿奥兰登结兰登结了婚，定居康涅狄格州的哈特福德。了婚，定居康涅狄格州的哈特福德。1874年，他同人合作写了一部长篇小说年，他同人合作写了一部长篇小说镀金时镀金时代代，嘲讽当时弥漫全国的投机、发财的气氛。此，嘲讽当时弥漫全国的投机、发财的气氛。此后，马克后，马克吐温以写作为生，收入颇丰，生活稳定。吐温以写作为生，收入颇丰，生活稳

3、定。汤姆汤姆索亚历险记索亚历险记（1876）是对童年生活的生动描写。是对童年生活的生动描写。在密西西比河上在密西西比河上（1883）回忆了作者当年的航行生涯。回忆了作者当年的航行生涯。哈克贝利哈克贝利费恩历险记费恩历险记（1884）反映了南北战争以前）反映了南北战争以前美国的社会生活。美国的社会生活。19世纪世纪80年代后期，投资年代后期，投资“佩奇排字机佩奇排字机”的试制工程，又的试制工程，又经办出版公司，均告失败。为经办出版公司，均告失败。为偿还债务，偿还债务，1891年，马克年，马克吐吐温关闭了哈特福德的寓所，到温关闭了哈特福德的寓所，到世界各地去巡回演讲，于世界各地去巡回演讲，于190

4、0年回国。出了美国，他年回国。出了美国，他发现欧美帝国主义在世界各地发现欧美帝国主义在世界各地的种种罪行，的种种罪行，赤道环游记赤道环游记（1897）谴责帝国主义的殖）谴责帝国主义的殖民政策，赞扬殖民地人民的反民政策，赞扬殖民地人民的反帝斗争。帝斗争。晚年，马克晚年，马克吐温主要作品是吐温主要作品是自传自传，发表在他去世之后，发表在他去世之后（1924）。）。The adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain AbstractMark Twain waft the pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens.He Was b

5、orn in the one-horse village of Florida,Missouri,in 1835.He rose to become a famous American realistic writer,lecturer and traveler before he died in 1910.His masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published in 1884 presents a vivid picture of American society in the 19th century.This essay

6、presents an analysis of Mark Twains writing features and characterization of Huckleberry Finn.The main clue of this novel was a white boy Huck who helped a runaway slave Jim gains freedom.The writer narrated the story in first person,which enables readers to appreciate the significance of the novel

7、directly and deeply.The two heroes Huck and Jim stand for two different classes.In the winding and adventurous journey,Huck and Jim have built up an everlasting friendship that has broken down the barrier between the white and black.The writers wording is full of humor,sarcasm and contempt.This writ

8、ing traits(特征特征,特点特点,特性特性)and rhetorical(夸张的夸张的)tactics(策略策略,手段手段)contribute to reflecting the strong desire of the public to abolish the bondage(奴役奴役;束缚束缚)of slavery and pursue independence and freedom.马克马克吐温吐温,原名塞缪尔原名塞缪尔-朗赫恩朗赫恩克莱门斯克莱门斯.1835.1835年年1111月月3030日日出生于密苏里州一个名叫佛罗里达的小村出生于密苏里州一个名叫佛罗里达的小村,塞缪

9、尔塞缪尔朗赫恩朗赫恩克莱门斯在克莱门斯在19101910年逝世前已成为美国著名的现实主义作家年逝世前已成为美国著名的现实主义作家,演演讲家和旅行家讲家和旅行家.他于他于18841884年发表了他最成功的长篇小说年发表了他最成功的长篇小说,它形象生动地反映了美国十九世纪的社会它形象生动地反映了美国十九世纪的社会现实现实.本文详尽地分析和评论了马克本文详尽地分析和评论了马克吐温的代表作吐温的代表作 的写作特点和人物形象的写作特点和人物形象.这篇小说的主要线索就这篇小说的主要线索就是白人男孩哈克帮助黑人选奴吉姆获得自由的历险经历是白人男孩哈克帮助黑人选奴吉姆获得自由的历险经历.作者作者运用第一人称的

10、口吻使得读者能够更加直接和深刻地领会小说运用第一人称的口吻使得读者能够更加直接和深刻地领会小说的意义的意义.小说的主人公哈克和吉姆尽管属于不同的社会阶层小说的主人公哈克和吉姆尽管属于不同的社会阶层.但但是经过曲折波荡的历险经历是经过曲折波荡的历险经历,使两个人建立起永恒的友谊打破使两个人建立起永恒的友谊打破了黑人与白人的种族束缚了黑人与白人的种族束缚.作者的创作语言富于幽默作者的创作语言富于幽默.讽刺和嘲讽刺和嘲讽讽.这一写作特点和创作风格使本作品更深刻地揭露了奴隶制这一写作特点和创作风格使本作品更深刻地揭露了奴隶制的黑暗的黑暗.反映了当时的人民大众要求废除种族压迫以及追求自反映了当时的人民大

11、众要求废除种族压迫以及追求自由和平等的强烈愿望由和平等的强烈愿望.Ten aspects of Adventures of Huckleberry Finns theme.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Friendship.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Youth.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Man and the Natural World.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of The Superna

12、tural.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Family.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Morality and Ethics.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Religion.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Foolishness and Folly.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Lies and Deceit.Adventures of Huckle

13、berry Finn Theme of Rules and OrderAdventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of FriendshipThe developing friendship between a white boy(Huck)and a black slave(Jim)is the main driving force of this novel.It is this friendship that makes Hucks decision of whether to help Jim escape slavery so difficult.Huc

14、ks ultimate choice pits him against everything had previously known to be right.Huck makes several comments throughout the book that let us know how seriously he takes his friendships.He values loyalty most highly,and that leads him to stick with Jim(who proves his loyalty to Huck several times)to t

15、he end.Throughout the course of the story,many friendships are tested again and again,but whether or not the ideal of friendship prevails at the end of the day is subject to debate.Huck Finns youthful naivet is part of the charm of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Because of his young age,he is ab

16、le to approach conflict with an innocence and curiosity that an older protagonist might lack.Too young to be fully indoctrinated with the values of antebellum(pre-Civil War)South,Huck gets to examine issues in light of his own still-evolving moral compass.Tom Sawyers runaway imagination adds another

17、 layer of adventurousness to the plot,and Hucks contentment with the simple things in life remind us were not dealing with somebody whos got a ton of personal baggage.Lastly,the playful tone of Hucks narration strikes an interesting balance with the weightier topics of the novel,such as slavery,mora

18、lity,and racism.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of YouthAdventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Man and the Natural WorldOne of Huck Finns struggles in this book is whether he prefers the world of civilization to living in the woods.Often it seems he is a wild,unkempt thirteen-year-old boy who

19、would rather spend his day catching snakes than washing up for supper.He declares several times that hes happiest when hes alone with nature(or alone with Jim and nature).However,it is also clear that Huck craves the structure and caring of a family household.He strongly admires some aspects of the

20、cultural world,and seems to respect(and sometimes envy)others choice to follow rules and social norms.The tension between Hucks desire for a free,unencumbered life and the pull towards family structure and cultural refinement is one of Hucks central battles.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Th

21、e SupernaturalBelief in the supernatural and superstition in general are the marks of multiple characters in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Its their mutual belief in certain superstitions that originally draws Huck and Jim together.Neither has a strong religious faith,and their belief in certai

22、n superstitions help both Jim and Huck explain things that they cannot otherwise explain.It is possible that the novel parodies religion by comparing it to mere superstition,since some characters take advantage of both belief systems to manipulate and deceive.Often,superstitions are used as attempts

23、 to explain why bad things happen.When a character gets rewarded,or when something good happens,most would like to take credit for that positive outcome.But when someone is punished,or something terrible happens.well,its a lot more comforting to blame that on plain old rotten luck.Adventures of Huck

24、leberry Finn Theme of FamilyDuring his adventures on the Mississippi River Huck Finn encounters one family after another.Having left an abusive father behind,Huck appears to be trying out various familial situations as he travels.It seems like hes pretty keen on getting a family of his own because m

25、ost of Hucks deceptions involve him making up a fictitious family of his own that fits in with the story.He develops many pseudo-family relationships during his travels.Interestingly,the strongest family-like bond he creates is with his own friends,and particularly with Jim and Tom.It remains unclea

26、r whether or not Huck realizes and accepts this fact,but he definitely recognizes the unmatchable strength of the bonds he and his friends share.As a semi-orphan,Huck replaces his missing family with his friends.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Morality and EthicsThirteen-year-old Huck Finns

27、narration in this novel focuses largely on his internal moral struggles.Forced to reconcile his personal feelings of friendship for an escaped slave with what society has told him is right,Huck learns through the course of the story to trust his moral instincts.Despite his actions,however,the questi

28、on remains at the end of novel as to whether Huck is truly able to overcome the pervading ethos of the pre-Civil War South.You could argue either way.Huck was amazingly strong-willed and in touch with his own personal sense of morality to turn away from societys pressures and the laws threats.But th

29、e end of the novel is somewhat ambiguous.To complicate matters,throughout the story Huck does tend to think one thing and then turn right around and believe another.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of ReligionReligion seems to be a constant target for criticism in the Adventures of Huckleberry F

30、inn.Those who are religious are often painted as overzealous,and many of them are manipulated because of their faith.It seems that Twain places organized religion in opposition to his central anti-racism theme;Huck feels like he has to renounce religion in order to help Jim escape to freedom.Twain m

31、ight have painted religion in such a negative way for several reasons:1)his own personal views on religion;2)the common belief in the antebellum Southwas that God had made black people naturally inferior,and that slavery was OK;and 3)the church was an easy target for satire.We think,most likely,it w

32、as some sort of combination of the three.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Foolishness and FollyFor the most part,characters in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are made fools by other characters.Pranks,cons,tricks,and deceptions seem to be everyones stock and trade in this novel,which means

33、 a healthy supply of gullible nitwits is in demand.And there seems to be no shortage.As one character succinctly remarks(shortly before being made into an utter fool himself),the group of fools in any town always comprises the majority.True at least as far as the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is co

34、ncerned.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Lies and DeceitDeception takes many different forms in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Sometimes it is used for benevolent purposes(to save a mans life,or shield someone from pain),sometimes for harmless fun(to play pranks),and sometimes also for se

35、lf-serving manipulation(the duke and the king).Narrator Huck Finn seems to enjoy lying at any and all opportunities,but hes thirteen and is still just a child.This novel seems to draw a thick line between harmless lies and morally corrupt ones.For instance,someone with hurtful or selfish intentions

36、will be caught and punished for their wrongdoing;individuals with benevolent aims never cause any real harm.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Theme of Rules and OrderThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn presents a slew of conflicting rules.Narrator Huck Finn struggles in choosing between religious rules,

37、his own moral instincts,the countrys laws,and the relativist justifications of the conmen called the duke and king.From rules of honor and principle amidst feuding families to childlike views of the world as something fantastical,Huck Finn explores the contradictions between these different systems

38、and the effect such conflict can have on a young boy.When thinking about the big decisions Huck is faced with,we cant help but think of one of those posters hanging on middle school wall:Whats popular is not always right,whats right is not always popular.We think Huck would agree with that.We could

39、also edit that maxim to say that the law isnt always right,and Tom Sawyer isnt always right,and preachers arent always right.but Huck has to figure out what is the right thing to do.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884)by Mark Twain is commonly accounted as one of the first Great American Novels.It w

40、as also one of the first major American novels ever written using Local Color Realism or the vernacular,or common speech,being told in the first person by the eponymous Huckleberry Huck Finn,best friend of Tom Sawyer(hero of three other Mark Twain books).The book was first published in 1884.The book

41、 is noted for its innocent young protagonist(主角主角,主要人物主要人物),its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River,and its sober(朴素的朴素的,朴实的朴实的)and often scathing look at entrenched(十分顽固的十分顽固的)attitudes,particularly racism,of the time.The drifting journey of Huckleberry Finn and hi

42、s friend Nigger Jim,a runaway slave,down the Mississippi River on their raft may be one of the most enduring images of escape and freedom in all of American literature.The book has been popular with young readers since its publication,and taken as a sequel(续集续集,续篇续篇)to the comparatively innocuous Th

43、e Adventures of Tom Sawyer(which had no particular social message),it has also been the continued object of study by serious literary critics.Although the Southern society it satirized(对对.写讽刺文章写讽刺文章;挖苦挖苦)was already a quarter-century in the past by the time of publication,the book immediately became controversial(有争议的有争议的,引起或可能引起引起或可能引起争论的争论的),and has remained so to this day.The end Thank you!