高考英语语法 非谓语动词课件.ppt

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1、 语法语法infinitive2021/8/11 星期三1不定式的结构形式不定式的结构形式语态语态形式形式主动主动被动被动一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doing to have been doing否定形式否定形式 not to doinfinitive2021/8/11 星期三2不定式不定式的用法的用法1.It is right to give up smoking.2.She wanted to borrow my bike.3.I came here to se

2、e you.4.He needs a room to live in.5.I asked him to do the work with me.6.My wish is to become a doctor.主语主语宾语宾语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补表语表语2021/8/11 星期三3(1)作主语作主语 不定式短语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用谓语之后，用it作形式主语。作形式主语。To see is to believeTo give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.Its foolish(of

3、you)to do that.Its impossible(for you)to finish all.2021/8/11 星期三4 不定式作表不定式作表语 1.主主语是不定式是不定式(表示条件表示条件)，表，表语也是不定式也是不定式(表示表示结果果)To see is to believe.To work means to earn a living.2.主主语是以是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等等为中中心的名心的名词，或以，或以what引引导的名的名词性从句，不定式性从句，不定式表表语对主

4、主语起起补充充说明作用明作用His wish is to buy a car in the near future.What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.2021/8/11 星期三5不定式作不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟后直接跟带to的不定式；的不定式；另一种是另一种是“动词疑疑问词带to的不定式的不定式”1.动词带to的不定式的不定式结构构能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：want,like,prefer,try,ask,afford,agree,determine

5、,expect,fail,hope,intend,manage,mean(想要想要),offer(表示愿意做表示愿意做),pretend,promise,refuse,seek(试图试图),undertake,wish(想要想要)等。等。I expect to see you tomorrow.He offered to help me with my English.2021/8/11 星期三6 2.动词疑疑问代代(副副)词不定式不定式常常见的有：的有：advise,decide,discuss,find out,forget,know,learn,remember,see,teach,te

6、ll,think,understand,wonder等。疑等。疑问代代(副副)词有有what,when,where,which,how,whether等，等，但不包括但不包括why，He does not know how to go there He does not know how to go there when to speak before us.when to speak before us.who(m)to visit.who(m)to visit.which one to choose.which one to choose.You can decide whether to

7、 go or stay here.You can decide whether to go or stay here.when to see a doctor.when to see a doctor.2021/8/11 星期三7 3.有有时不定式不定式用用it来代替，而把不定式放到后面来代替，而把不定式放到后面 He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.I think it interesting to play football.She considers it important to make friends.4.有有时THE

8、RE和和TO BE连用表示用表示“有有”或或“存在存在(某某情况情况)”等等 It is impossible for there to be any more.I expect there to be no argument about this.2021/8/11 星期三8 He asked me to do the work with him但是在但是在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make等词后等词后的补足语中，不定式不带的补足语中，不定式不带to。但变成被动语但变成被动语态时态时,被省的被省

9、的to必须加上。必须加上。e.g.When they were young,he often made his little sister cry but now he is made to do this or that by his sister.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语2021/8/11 星期三9不定式作定不定式作定语 1.不定式作定不定式作定语修修饰名名词或代或代词时后置后置 I have something to tell you.如果不定式如果不定式动词是不及物是不及物动词，要在，要在动词后加后加上相上相应的介的介词:I had got no place to live in.Th

10、at girl has nothing to worry about.She has four children to look after.I need some paper to write on.I want a pen to write with.2021/8/11 星期三102.所修饰的名词前有所修饰的名词前有the first/last/next,the only,the best,the most等序数词或最等序数词或最高级等修饰语时，用不定式作定语。高级等修饰语时，用不定式作定语。不定式修饰不定式修饰something,anything,nothing.I want somet

11、hing to read.He is the only person to know the truth.2021/8/11 星期三11作状语作状语:表示目的表示目的结果或原因等结果或原因等.1.表目的表目的:常用的结构有常用的结构有:to do/in order to/so as to To catch the bus,I have to get up early.She checked the names carefully so as to avoide mistakes.In order to arrive before dark,we started early.2021/8/11

12、星期三122.表示表示结果果The boy is old enough to go to school.She went home very late,only(just)to find everything stolen.(与与only连用，表示意外的不好的用，表示意外的不好的结果）果）还有固定搭配表示有固定搭配表示结果：果：soas to;such as to;enough to;tootoWe have so much food as to treat our guests.Is that room big enough to seat all of us?He is too young

13、 to fit that job.2021/8/11 星期三133.表示原因表示原因:不定式用来说明产生这种不定式用来说明产生这种情绪情绪的原因的原因,用于此结构用于此结构有有:happy,lucky,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased,fortunate,right等等.Its very kind of you to say so.I am pretty pleased to hear the news。Im sorry to interrupt you

14、.They are quite surprised to see the great changes.2021/8/11 星期三14敌人除了投降敌人除了投降surrender之外，别无出路。之外，别无出路。The enemy can do nothing but_.The enemy had nothing to choose but _.除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？What does he like to do besides _ novels?What does he like besides _ novels?surrenderto surrender

15、readto read当介词当介词but,except,besides前面有实义动词前面有实义动词do时，不定式在介词之后可以省去时，不定式在介词之后可以省去to。2021/8/11 星期三15不定式的省略不定式的省略1.-Would you mind looking after my cat?-Id be happy to.2.补语时补语时The boy wanted to ride his bike,but his mother told him not to.3.某些动词后某些动词后(like,love,hope,wish,mean,try)-will you go to the the

16、atre?-sorry,I dont want to.4.某些固定用法某些固定用法(ought to,have to,used to,be going to)-why didnt you come yesterday?-I was going to,but Mary visited me.2021/8/11 星期三161.He has a lot of work _ today,so he cant go with us.A.doing B.to do C.done D.do B.2.He told me about the things _ at the next meeting.C.to

17、discuss B.being discussedD.C.discussed D.to be discussedE.3.He seems _ the old lady.F.knowing B to be knowing G.C.to know D.to be known2021/8/11 星期三174.We all hope _ scientists.A.become B.to become C.becoming D.became5.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard t

18、ime.A.settled B.settlingB.C.to settle D.being settledC.6.It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.D.it what to do with B.what to do it withE.C.what to do with it D.to do what with it2021/8/11 星期三187.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears_ everything.A.to

19、tell B.to be told B.C.to be telling D.to have been told C.8.The shirt looks tight on you.You seem _ D.weight.E.A.to put on B.to put up F.C.to have put on D.to have put upG.9.They expect_ their mother.H.A.to be seen B.to be seeing C.to see D.see2021/8/11 星期三191.An army spokesman stressed that all the

20、 soldiers had been ordered _ clear warning before firing any shots.A.to issue B.being issued B.C.to have issued D.to be issuedC.2.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.D.A.to be chosen B.to choose from E.C.to choose D.for choosing2021/8/11 星期三203.Having a trip abroad is certainlygood

21、for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.to have seen4.I meant _,but when I left,I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.to be done2021/8/11 星期三216._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.To be s

22、lept8.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make2021/8/11 星期三229.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invited10._,one must have something _.A.Living,to b

23、elieve B.To live,to believe inC.Living,to believe in D.To live,believing 2021/8/11 星期三2311.He has a lot of work _ today,so he cant go with us.A.doing B.to do C.done D.do B.12.He told me about the things _ at the next meeting.C.to discuss B.being discussedD.C.discussed D.to be discussedE.13.He seems

24、_ the old lady.F.knowing B to be knowing G.C.to know D.to be known2021/8/11 星期三2414.We all hope _ scientists.A.become B.to become C.becoming D.became15.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingB.C.to settle D.being settledC.16.It is sai

25、d that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.D.How to do with it B.what to do it withE.C.what to do with it D.to do what with it2021/8/11 星期三2517.The shirt looks tight on you.You seem _ weight.A.to put on B.to put up C.to have put on D.to have put up18.They expect_ their mother.A.to be seen B.to be seeing C.to see D.see2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三28