高二英语虚拟语气课件 牛津英语.ppt

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1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气 英语动词一般可带有三种不同的语气英语动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 (mood)：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词不同的形式不同的语气用动词不同的形式 (有的还借助句法形式）来表示。有的还借助句法形式）来表示。2021/8/11 星期三1 一、陈述语气陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood)用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如：用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如：1.My father and I drove over to the village to see

2、Mr Wu.2.People dont hibernate.3.What a strange-looking person(he is)!4.Are you joking?二、祈使语气祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。如：如：1.Sit down,please.2.Dont say it in Chinese.Say it in English,please.3.Let me have a try.4.Let him go.2021/8/11 星期三2 三、虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示

3、说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。式的书面语中。该语法主要用于该语法主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句。也可用于。也可用于主语从句主语从句、表语从句表语从句、宾语从句宾语从句等。等。通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）“后退一步法”与过去事实相反，在从句中用

4、过与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反，用一般过去与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。形式表示。2021/8/11 星期三31)If I were you,I shouldnt do that.2)We would go with you if we had time.3)We could ask him if he were here.4)If I knew his telephone number,I would ring him up.条件从句主句did（be

5、动词一般用动词一般用were）would(should,could,might)+doI.虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法 1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：2021/8/11 星期三41)If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.2)If you had come earlier,you would(might)have met him.3)I would have called you if I had known your phone number.条件从句条件从句主句主句had+donewoul

6、d(might/could/should)+have done2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下形式如下2021/8/11 星期三51)If it should rain,the crops would be saved.2)If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.3)If it rained tomorrow,we would not go out.条件从句主句didshould dowere to doWould(could/might/should)+do3.表示与将来事实可能相反

7、，谓语动词的主要形式如下：表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：2021/8/11 星期三6Note:省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以if把省略而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.2.Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.3.Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful),such mistakes co

8、uld have been avoided.2021/8/11 星期三71.If she had worked harder,she _.(1986)A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should succeed D.would have succeeded2021/8/11 星期三83.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would preventC.were;would preventD.were;woul

9、d have prevented2021/8/11 星期三95.If he _,he _ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(1993)A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken2021/8/11 星期三107.I didnt see your sister at the meetin

10、g.If she _,she would have met my brother.(1994)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come2021/8/11 星期三119.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(1996)A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got2021/8/11 星期三122._ it rain tomorrow,we woul

11、d have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(1994)A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will2021/8/11 星期三1316._ I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.A.Could B.Should C.Might D.Must2021/8/11 星期三1419._ your letter,I would have written back two days ago.A.If I received B.Should I received C.Had I received D

12、.If I could have received2021/8/11 星期三1521.Should it rain,the crops _.A.would be saved B.would have been saved C.will be saved D.had been saved2021/8/11 星期三1627.If I _ you,I would try again.A.am B.was C.were D.be2021/8/11 星期三1728._,all the students would hear.A.If the teacher had spoken louderB.If t

13、he teacher will speak louderC.Had the teacher spoken louderD.If the teacher spoke louder 2021/8/11 星期三1829.What should we do if it _ tomorrow?A.should snow B.would snow C.snow D.will snow2021/8/11 星期三1930.If you _ 5 minutes earlier,you _ him.A.should come;had seen B.came;would see C.come;will see D.

14、had come;would have seen2021/8/11 星期三20(1)Mr Brown _ a house if he had enough money.A.will buy B.would buy C.bought D.has bought 2021/8/11 星期三21(30)_ I known he needed money so badly,I might have managed to help him.A.Unless B.When C.If D.Had2021/8/11 星期三22II:虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的用法2021/8/11 星期三23 1).wish后的宾

15、语从句：从句中的动词根据时间可采用不同的 形式，参见虚拟条件句：1.I wish I were(was)as strong/clever/young as you.(But I am not.)2.We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.3.I wish he would try.4.I wish I knew the answer.(But I dont know the answer.)5.I wish I had known the answer.(But I didnt.)2021/8/11 星期三242.I wi

16、sh I _ you yesterday?(1988)A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see2021/8/11 星期三25(29)I wish the train _ so late;then I could have got home before breakfast.A.hadnt arrived B.didnt arrive C.wouldnt arrive D.mustnt arrive2021/8/11 星期三26(31)I wish I _ to repair the bike,for I only made it worse.A.had

17、 tried B.hadnt triedC.tried D.didnt try 2021/8/11 星期三272.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。2021/8/11 星期三28 4.We propose that the house should be repai

18、red (repair).5.The general commanded that the target should be fired(fire)at.6.They requested that we should sit(sit)down and have a cup of tea.7.We desire that he should be given(give)a chance.8.The rules require that players should wear(wear)tennis shoes on the court(网球场).2021/8/11 星期三29 9.The edi

19、tor insisted that we should change the title of the book.10.We advise that steps be taken(take)at once.11.I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.12.He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.13.They insisted that we(should)begin the work at once.2021/8/11 星期三30 Note 1:insist作“坚决认为(该怎么

20、做)”时，用此句型；如作“坚决认为(是怎么回事)”时，则不要求如此：e.g.1.He insisted that he(should)go instead of me.2.He insisted that you were wrong.()1.Mr Smith ordered that the work _ at once.A.do B.did C.was done D.be done()2.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules.A.obeyed B.obey C.will obey D.wouldDB2021/8/1

21、1 星期三31 Note 2:这类词只要是表示愿望、建议、命令等，不管是以什么样的形式出现，后面从句中的形式都要用should+动词原形：.it is desired/suggested/requested/ordered/proposed that等结构后的主语从句：1.It is requested that Mr Smith should give a performance at the Party.2.It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.3.It was arranged that they(sho

22、uld)leave the following week.4.It has been decided that the meeting(should)be postponed(put off)till next Saturday.2021/8/11 星期三32.suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等后面的 表语从句和同位语从句：1.My suggestion is that we(should)send a few comrades to help them.My suggestion is that a few comrades(should)be sent

23、 to help them.2.My idea is that we(should)do the work ourselves.3.What do you think of Xiao Yangs proposal that we(should)put on a play at the English evening?4.The Emperor had ordered the cloth to be woven for so much money.The order the Emperor had given was that the cloth be woven for so much mon

24、ey.2021/8/11 星期三331.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.had done;must be set2021/8/11 星期三342.Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV.A.did B.do C.shall do D.have done2021/8/11 星期三353.My suggestion was that

25、the meeting _ off still next week.A.to put B.be put C.should put D.be putting2021/8/11 星期三365.The commander ordered that the wounded _ to hospital right away.A.to be sent B.be sent C.send D.should send6.The order came that the medical supplies _ to the village soon.A.would be sent B.should send C.be

26、 sent D.must be sent2021/8/11 星期三374.The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.A.for;to B.that;be C.which;should be D.to;being2021/8/11 星期三387.They requested that he _ on the radio.A.spoke B.speaks C.speak D.would speak2021/8/11 星期三3910.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before

27、eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished11.She made the demand that she _ at once.A.leave B.leaves C.left D.to be left2021/8/11 星期三40 在句型 It is necessary/important/strange/that.It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/that.等结构后的 主语从句：Note:这时should+动词原形的意思常常是“竞会”。2021/8/11 星期三4

28、16.It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.7.It is important that we(should)unite with all that can be united in the struggle.9.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.10.It is quite natural that such fears should arise.11.It is a great pity that he should

29、be so conceited (foolish).2021/8/11 星期三42.一些习惯句型中：It is(high)time后的定语从句中通常 也需要用虚拟语气：1.It is time that we went/should go to bed.2.It is time we went home.2021/8/11 星期三432.用于以用于以if only或或as if 引导的简单句中引导的简单句中,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用were型或型或had been型虚拟型虚拟形式形式,如如:If only she didnt drive so fast.If only the photo we

30、rent missing.If only I had arrived in time!但愿她不开那么快但愿她不开那么快.但愿那张照片没丢失但愿那张照片没丢失.我要是及时到达该多好我要是及时到达该多好2021/8/11 星期三44 用在if only引起的感叹句中（意思为要是什么就好了）：1.If only we had listened to their advice!2.If only the letter had arrived in time!3.If only I hadnt lost it!2021/8/11 星期三45 would rather/sooner(宁愿)后也可以用 这样

31、的结构：1.I would rather they came tomorrow(you had gone there too).2.I could go myself but I would sooner you went.3.I would(had)rather you posted the letter right away.be的形式和虚拟条件从句相同：2021/8/11 星期三464.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.(2000)A.lies B.lay C.had

32、 lain D.should lie2021/8/11 星期三478.It is important that we _ wild animals.A.will protect B.should protect C.shall protect D.are protecting2021/8/11 星期三489.It is necessary that the problem _ at once.A.solves B.should solve C.should be solved D.will be solved2021/8/11 星期三4914.It is strange that he _ i

33、nterest in much of his research.A.should have lost B.would lose C.had lost D.will lost2021/8/11 星期三5031.If only I _ my watch!A.hadnt lost B.havent lost C.didnt lose D.dont lose2021/8/11 星期三5140.What will you do during the summer holiday?I dont know,but Its high time _ Something.A.Im deciding B.Ill d

34、ecide C.I decided D.I decide 2021/8/11 星期三52.含蓄条件句(Sentences of Implied Condition)有时，假设的情况不是通过虚拟条件句表示出来，而是通过上下文或 其它方式来表示。2021/8/11 星期三536.without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)Without sunlight,peoples life (be)different from today.But for your help,I _(not finish)the work.Without your help,I (fail).But f

35、or water,it (be)impossible to live in the desert._ wouldnt have finishedwould bewould have failedwould be2021/8/11 星期三54 3.They could have completed that building(if they had worked harder).4.Such mistakes could have been avoided(if we had been more careful).5.He would have given you more help,but h

36、e had been so busy(if he hadnt been so busy).6.I would have written before,but I have been ill (if I hadnt been ill,I would have written to you).2021/8/11 星期三55(50)But for John,we _ the match last week.A.would have lost B.would lose C.had lost D.lost2021/8/11 星期三56 从句以从句以as if/as though 引导引导,主句的谓语动主

37、句的谓语动词为连系动词词为连系动词:1)1)从句用从句用werewere型虚拟形式型虚拟形式:表示从句的动作与表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生主句的动作同时发生,如如:You look as if you had a toothache.She looked as though she were fainting.2)2)从句用从句用had been had been 型虚拟形式型虚拟形式:表示从句的动表示从句的动作先于主句的动作的发生作先于主句的动作的发生,如如:He looks as if he had been ill.以以as if/as though 引导的从句如果不是表示虚引导的

38、从句如果不是表示虚拟拟,而是表示可能的事实而是表示可能的事实,则从句中的谓语动词则从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气要用陈述语气.2021/8/11 星期三57(43)John talked as if he _ all the work himself but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it.A.did B.had done C.has done D.do2021/8/11 星期三5824.He smiled as if he _ my thought.A.read B.was reading C.had read D.has read2021/8/11 星期三59(32)He looked as if he _ for years.A.hasnt washed B.doesnt washC.wouldnt wash D.hadnt washed2021/8/11 星期三6022.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.A.would come B.should have come C.may come D.have come2021/8/11 星期三612021/8/11 星期三622021/8/11 星期三63