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1、 如果我有一千万,我就能买一栋房子如果我有一千万,我就能买一栋房子 我有一千万吗?我有一千万吗?没有。没有。所以我仍然没有房子。所以我仍然没有房子。如果我有翅膀,我就能飞。如果我有翅膀,我就能飞。我有翅膀吗?我有翅膀吗?没有。没有。所以我也没办法飞。所以我也没办法飞。如果把整个太平洋的水倒出,如果把整个太平洋的水倒出,也浇不息我对你爱情的火也浇不息我对你爱情的火 整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗?整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗?不行。不行。所以我并不爱你。所以我并不爱你。2021/8/11 星期三1虚拟语气虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood2021/8/11 星期三2语气语气是表示说话者对动词所表示
2、的动作或状态的是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度,是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种:态度,是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种:1 陈述语气陈述语气(the Indicative Mood)用来陈述一个用来陈述一个事实,或提出一个想法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹事实,或提出一个想法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。等形式。JapanliesontheeastofChina.Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.2 祈使语气祈使语气(the Imperative Mood)用来表示请求、用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Dontbewo
3、rry.3 虚拟语气虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)2021/8/11 星期三3虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。存在的事实。虚拟语气虚拟语气通过谓语通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍别介绍虚拟语气虚拟语气在各种句式中的在各种句式中的用法。用法。2021/8/11 星期三4虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况反的条件。分三种情况(以以do为例为例):虚拟语气在虚拟语
4、气在在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实表示与事实情况相反情况相反条件从句的谓条件从句的谓语形式语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在表示现在情况情况表示过去表示过去情况情况表示将来表示将来情况情况would/could/should/might+V.(原)(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would/could/should/might+V.(原)过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用were)过去完成式过去完成式(had+done)过去式过去式(did)should+doweretodo2021/8/11 星期三5虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气在虚拟语气在
5、在条件从句中在条件从句中1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.IfIweretobetwentyyearsold,Iwouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.3.IdontthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.5.IfIhadacar,Ishouldbeveryhappy.6.IfShehadbeeninvited,shewouldhavegonetotheparty.(与过
6、去事实相反与过去事实相反)(与将来事实相反与将来事实相反)(与将来事实相反与将来事实相反)(与现在事实相反与现在事实相反)(与现在事实与现在事实相反相反)(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)2021/8/11 星期三6Testing formTesting form1.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come2.-If he_,he_ that food.-Luckily,he was sent to th
7、e hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned,would not take B.had been warned,would not have taken C.would be warned,had not taken D.would have been warned,had not taken2021/8/11 星期三73.If I _ in the twenty-second century,I _ my vacation in a very different way.A.should live;would spend B.will live;s
8、hould spend C.are living;should have spent D.will be living;would have spent4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got2021/8/11 星期三8虚拟语气虚拟语气二二.省略省略if的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有were,had或或should时,可省略时,
9、可省略if,而把它,而把它们放在句首。们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Should hefailintheexperimentIfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中2021/8/11 星期
10、三9Multiple choice1._sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.Is2._Ihadtime,Iwouldhavegoneovertoseeher.A.DidB.WereC.HadD.If3.-The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hospital.-_ you were coming today,Idhavemet you at the railway station.A.Have I known B.I have known C.Had I known D
11、.I had known2021/8/11 星期三10三三.介词介词 without without 引导的短语代替引导的短语代替 if if 引导的条件引导的条件从句从句.有时有时if引导的虚拟条件从句,可用介词引导的虚拟条件从句,可用介词without引导的短语来代替引导的短语来代替1.Iftherewerenowater,fishcouldnotlive.Without water,fishcouldnotlive.2.If you had not helped me,I would have failed.Without your help,I would have failed.3.
12、If the Party didnt lead us,we could not realize.Without the Partys leadership,we could not realize.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中2021/8/11 星期三11虚拟语气虚拟语气四四.错综时间的条件句错综时间的条件句1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定1.Ift
13、heyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldntdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:2021/8/11 星期三121.If it _harder yesterday,the crops _still better.如果昨天的雨下大点,庄稼可能会长得更好。如果
14、昨天的雨下大点,庄稼可能会长得更好。2.If you _the doctors advice,you _in the hospital.如果你听从医生的建议,你就不会在医院如果你听从医生的建议,你就不会在医院、3.If you _Jane yesterday morning,you _so angry now.如果你昨天早晨见到简,你现在就不会这样生如果你昨天早晨见到简,你现在就不会这样生气了。气了。had rainedwould growhad followedwouldnt behad met withwould not be2021/8/11 星期三131.IftheUnitedStat
15、eshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.A.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen2.-Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?-Iwouldhave,butI_sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe2021/8/11 星期三14虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住:这些动词后面接的
16、宾语从句:表示愿望愿望(wish),坚持坚持(insist)命令命令(order,command)建议建议(suggest,advice,propose),要求要求(demand,request,require,desire),等。2、除除wish外,其它动词用外,其它动词用should+do构成构成,should可以省略。可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况:接宾语从句有三种情况:1)现在:用过去式现在:用过去式 2)过去:用过去完成式过去:用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来:用情态动词将来:用情态动词would/could+do虚拟语气在:虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中在宾语从句中20
17、21/8/11 星期三15虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.我希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.2.我但愿自己能年轻十岁。我但愿自己能年轻十岁。IwishIwere10yearsyounger.3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。我希望你能找到一个好职业。Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。Hewishedhehadntdoneit.5.他要求学生都要自己洗衣服。他要求学生都要自己洗衣服。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclot
18、hesbythemselves.虚拟语气在:虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中在宾语从句中2021/8/11 星期三16虚拟语气虚拟语气记住记住:suggest/insist各有两种意思各有两种意思,要用不同的语气要用不同的语气(1)当当suggest当当“建议建议”讲时,其后的宾语从讲时,其后的宾语从句句(should)+do这种形式,否则用这种形式,否则用正常正常的动词的动词形形式式,这时这时suggest的意思是的意思是“暗示暗示”;例句例句1)Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.2)Thelookonhisf
19、acesuggestedthathewashappy.虚拟语气在:虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中在宾语从句中2021/8/11 星期三17(2)insist后的宾语从句中的谓语动词是指将来发生后的宾语从句中的谓语动词是指将来发生的动作或存在的状态时,才用的动作或存在的状态时,才用(should)+do这这种形式;如果是已发生的动作或主句与从句的主种形式;如果是已发生的动作或主句与从句的主语是语是同一人同一人时,时,通常用通常用正常正常时态时态Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.Heinsistedthathewasright.那个女孩
20、脸上的表情暗示出她已生气了。那个女孩脸上的表情暗示出她已生气了。The girls look suggests that she is angry.那位老人坚持说在来这儿的路上他没看见骆驼。那位老人坚持说在来这儿的路上他没看见骆驼。The old man insisted that he had not seen the camel on the way here.2021/8/11 星期三18虚拟语气虚拟语气5.在在wouldrather(宁愿宁愿)引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动谓语动词要用一般过去时词要用一般过去时;表示过去
21、时间时表示过去时间时,谓谓语动词要用过去完成时。语动词要用过去完成时。虚拟语气在:虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中在宾语从句中would rather that现在:过去:未来:过去时过去时过去完成时2021/8/11 星期三19I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三20虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural,surprising)
22、that.”中,中,that后面的从句中后面的从句中的谓语动词用:的谓语动词用:should+动词原形动词原形,表示惊奇、不相表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。信、理应如此等。例句1.Its necessary thatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2.Its natural thatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.Its important thatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在主语从句中在主语
23、从句中2021/8/11 星期三21在句型在句型 Itisadvised/commanded/demanded/ordered/required/suggestedthatwe/you/he/she(should)+动词原形动词原形中,中,主语从句中要用主语从句中要用虚拟语气,虚拟语气,Itwasrequiredthateachstudentshouldbringenoughfoodonthetrip.2021/8/11 星期三221.Itisnotrightthatone_speakillofothers.A.shallB.shouldC.willD.would2.Itisnaturalth
24、athe_getangrywithher.A.shallB.willC.shouldD.would3.Itisstrangethatshe_marrysuchanuglyman.A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall4.Itsagreatpitythatyou_so.A.thinkB.thoughtB.C.willthinkD.isthought2021/8/11 星期三23虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish/desire)、建议建议(suggestion/advice)要求要求(requirement/demand)、命令命令
25、(order,command)等的名词,表语从句的谓语动等的名词,表语从句的谓语动词用词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在表语从句中在表语从句中2021/8/11 星期三24虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、建愿望、建议、要求、命令议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheord
26、erthatyou(should)beontime.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在同位语从句中在同位语从句中2021/8/11 星期三25虚拟语气虚拟语气在在asif从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用用过去式过去式;与过去事实相反用;与过去事实相反用过去完成式过去完成式(haddone).一、一、asif连接表语从句连接表语从句 shelooked asif sheweremadeofice.helooked asif hehadntsleptfortwodays.二、二、asif连接让步状语从连接让步状语从句句 Shelookedafterth
27、eboy asif hewereherownson.Hespeakstous asif hehadbeenthere.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在在asif从句中从句中2021/8/11 星期三262.不接虚拟语气的用法,表示可能或真实的不接虚拟语气的用法,表示可能或真实的情形。情形。ItlooksasifIamgoingtobebusy.Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.2021/8/11 星期三27虚拟语气虚拟语气1.ifonly 意为:若是意为:若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希真希望望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好表示表示现在现在的情况的情况,应用应用过去式过去式
28、;如果是如果是过去过去的情况的情况,应用应用过去完成时态过去完成时态IfonlyI hadarrived intime!Ifonlyshe didntdrive sofast.要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了!要是我没错过火车就好了!虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2021/8/11 星期三282.Its(high)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气:谓语用从句要用虚拟语气
29、:谓语用过去时或过去时或should+doItstimethatyoulefthere.你该走了你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.2021/8/11 星期三29虚拟语气虚拟语气3.一些短语一些短语,如如:butfor(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(否则否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话如果是那样的话),表示含蓄
30、的条件表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without/Butforyourhelp,we wouldnot makesuchrapidprogress.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI wouldhave taken partinthesportsmeeting.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferent.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2021/8/11 星期三304.有有时时虚虚拟拟语语气气是是通通过过上上下下文文的的语语义
31、义表表示示出出来来的:的:Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewasverybusy.(Ifhehadnotbeensobusy)He was seriously ill,otherwise he wouldhavecometoourmeeting.(otherwise=Ifhehadnotbeenseriouslyill)2021/8/11 星期三31虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknownyouw
32、erecoming,I_youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetExercises2021/8/11 星期三32虚拟语气虚拟语气3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.h
33、adgone2021/8/11 星期三33虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent2021
34、/8/11 星期三34虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitishightimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2021/8/11 星期三3512.Ifmyfather_herenow,he_tellmewhattodo.A.wer
35、e,wouldBwere,willCis,wouldDis,will13.IfI_abee,I_workmuchharder.Awere,wouldBwere,shallChad,willDhave,should14.IfI_muchmoney,I_buyahouse.Ahave,willBhad,shouldChad,willDhave,should虚拟语气虚拟语气2021/8/11 星期三3615.He_learnmorequicklyifhe_harder.Awill,workBwould,workedCwould,workDwill,worked16.IfI_you,I_dothat.
36、Awas,wouldntBwere,wouldntCam,wontDwere,wont17.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.didcomeB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome2021/8/11 星期三37虚拟语气虚拟语气18.Ourteacherinsistedthatwe_inclass.A.nottotalkB.donttalkC.couldnottalkD.shouldnottalk19.Theysuggestedthattheexperiment_madeinanotherw
37、ay.A.beB.mustbeC.maybeD.wouldbe2021/8/11 星期三38虚拟语气虚拟语气20.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid21.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2021/8/11 星期三39虚拟语气虚拟
38、语气23.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe24.1.Iadvisedthatsister_atherdeskallday.A.mustntBnotreadCdoesntreadDneedntread2021/8/11 星期三40虚拟语气虚拟语气25.-Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?-Iwishhe_.AhadBdidCwouldDshould26.ThesituationrequiredthatChina_
39、itsdoortotheoutsideworld.AmustopenBshouldopenChavetoopenDhastoopen27._hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.AWouldBShouldC.ShallD.If2021/8/11 星期三41虚拟语气虚拟语气28.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_inthelibrary.AwasallowedB.beallowedCwouldbeallowedD.hadbeenallowed29._here,hewouldattendthelecture.A.HadhebeenBIfhewasCWereheDWashe30.Iwouldrathershe_withherfriendsthatalone.AtravelontrainBtraveledbytrainCtravelsbytrainDtravelingbythetrain2021/8/11 星期三422021/8/11 星期三432021/8/11 星期三44
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