高考英语一轮复习 专题12 状语从句课件 人教.ppt
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1、专题十二专题十二 状语从句状语从句 状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语,又叫副词性从句。在句子又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,也可以由一个起连词作用让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要
2、考点。2021/8/11 星期三1状语从句的分类及常用连接词状语从句的分类及常用连接词种类种类从属从属连词连词例句例句说明说明时时间间状状语语从从句句 whenwhenever When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like.when指指“某一具体的时间某一具体的时间”;whenever指指“在任何一个不具在任何一个不具体的时间体的时间”。whileWhile John was reading,I was watching TV.
3、I stayed while he was away.while指指“在在期间期间”,引导,引导的动作必须是持续性的。的动作必须是持续性的。asThey talked as they walked along the river.As time goes by,I like China better.as(一边(一边一边)表示持续一边)表示持续性动作,强调主句和从句动作性动作,强调主句和从句动作同时发生;随着。同时发生;随着。2021/8/11 星期三2bef-oreBefore I could get in a word,the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就还
4、没来得及就)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没还没就就)We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才才)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没趁还没就就)before引导从句时,词义引导从句时,词义非常灵活。非常灵活。Afte-rHe arrived after the game started.tillunti-lHe remained there till/until she arrived.She wont go to bed till/un
5、til he returns home.It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.Not until he returns home will she go to bed.若主句动作是持续性动作,常用若主句动作是持续性动作,常用肯定式,表示肯定式,表示“直到直到为止为止”;若主句动作是瞬间动词,要用;若主句动作是瞬间动词,要用否定式,表否定式,表“直直才才”,“在在以前不以前不”;从句放在句首时;从句放在句首时表示强调,一般用表示强调,一般用until并引起部并引起部分倒装。分倒装。2021/8/11 星期三3时时间间状状语
6、语从从句句 sinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.since在时间状语从句中,不论用短暂动词、在时间状语从句中,不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时,通延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时,通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起,主句时态多用现在完成时。起,主句时态多用现在完成时。as soon as hardly.when no sooner.thanthe momentthe instantthe secondimmediatelydirectlyinstantly As
7、 soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.Immediately he came I told him the news.We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we
8、 reached the airport than the plane took off.这些这些结构结构都表都表示示“一一就就”。2021/8/11 星期三4时时间间状状语语从从句句every/each timenext/last timeby the timethe first time Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to my help.I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.这类名词短语相当于这类名词短语相当于连词,引导时间状语连词,引导时间状语从句。从句。地地点点
9、状状语语从从句句wherewhereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.You can go wherever you like these days.where与与wherever意意义基本相同,但后者义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书语气较强,多用于书面语。面语。2021/8/11 星期三5原原因因状状语语从从句句 becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.because用来回答用来回答why 的问题,语气的问题,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。最强,一般放在主句之后。since
10、Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.since表示既然或已知的理由,也可表示既然或已知的理由,也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因,多放表示稍加分析就可知的原因,多放句首。句首。as并列连词并列连词forAs you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together,we missed you very much.It must have rained last night,for the ground is still wet.as引导的原因状语从句常放在句首,引导的原因状语从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说
11、明结果,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中;常用于口语中;for连接的是并列句。连接的是并列句。2021/8/11 星期三6原原因因状状语语从从句句now thatseeing thatin thatconsidering that Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.Seeing(that)he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.This book is different from that book in that this one is about ch
12、emistry and that one about history.considering that,seeing(that),now that,in that和和since 意义相似,都有意义相似,都有“鉴鉴于某个事实于某个事实”的意思。的意思。目目的的状状语语从从句句 so thatin order thatlest=for fear that You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should for
13、get it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.目的状语从句中常用情态动词目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前,从句往往放在放在动词之前,从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号。何标点符号。注意:注意:so that和和in order that与与so as to和和in order to的转换。的转换。2021/8/11 星期三7结结果果状状语语从从句句 so thatso.thatWe turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the
14、news.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.so that前有逗号为前有逗号为结果状语从句;结果状语从句;so.that的的so后面后面紧跟形容词或副词。紧跟形容词或副词。such.that He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.such.that的的such后面跟名词,如果后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用名词是单数就要用such a/an.that,还可以转换用还可以转换用so.that,语气较,语气较强。强。2021/8/11 星期三8条条件件状状语语从从句句 ifIf n
15、ot=unlessas/so long asin caseso/as far as We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So long as you work hard,you will succeed.In case I forget,please remind me about it.So far as I know,the book will be published next month.unless和和if.not同义,同义,unless是书是
16、书面语,面语,if.not是口语,通常二者是口语,通常二者可以换用;可以换用;unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式;从句的谓语只能用肯定式;条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。一般将来时或过去将来时。2021/8/11 星期三9方方式式状状语语从从句句 asas if/though As water is to fish,so air is to man.Do as you are told to.He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.此处此处as意
17、为意为“按照或正如按照或正如”;as if或或as though的意义和的意义和用法基本一样;用法基本一样;从句中可以用现在时,从句中可以用现在时,表示可能符合事实,也表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气。可以用虚拟语气。让让步步状状语语从从句句 thoughalthough Although its raining,they are still working in the field.We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day.though、although等引等引导的让步状语从句,不导的让步状语从句,不能和能和but连用,
18、但可以与连用,但可以与yet或或still连用。连用。though/although意义相意义相同,用法基本相同。同,用法基本相同。2021/8/11 星期三10让让步步状状语语从从句句 even ifeven thoughWell make a trip even though the weather is bad.even if和和even though意为意为“即使即使”“纵使纵使”有退一有退一步设想的意味。步设想的意味。asChild as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.as引导的让步状语从句常放引导的让步状语
19、从句常放在句首,并用部分倒装;在句首,并用部分倒装;此时,可与此时,可与though换用。换用。no matter wh-No matter what happened,he would not mindno matter wh-与与wh-+ever引导的让步状语从句意义引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,基本一样,no matter wh-引导的从句可以位于主句引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。前或主句后。wh-everWhateverhappened,he would not mind.判断判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点:还是名词性从句的要点:名词性从句
20、,主句中一定有一个名词性从句,主句中一定有一个成分要由从句担任,一般从句与成分要由从句担任,一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。主句之间没有逗号。2021/8/11 星期三11比比较较状状语语从从句句as.asnot so/as.asthe same.assuch.as Mary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.表示同程度级别的比表示同程度级别的比较,肯定句用较,肯定句用a
21、s.as否定句可用否定句可用not as.as 或或not so.as。thanHe runs less fast than me.表示不同程度的比较,表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。词的比较级。the more.the moreThe more you read,the better you understand.The sooner,the better the more.the more意为意为“越越越越”,从句,从句在前主句在后,这两个在前主句在后,这两个the都修饰表示程度的副都修饰表示程度的副词,用在形容词或副词比词,用在形容词或副词比较级的前面
22、;若句意明显,较级的前面;若句意明显,句子的主语和动词都可省句子的主语和动词都可省略。略。2021/8/11 星期三12.特特殊殊形形式式状状语语从从句句that Im pretty sure(that)hell agree.Im sorry(that)I didnt have time to write you.I am afraid that I cant go with you.that 引导的从句,往往跟在一个作引导的从句,往往跟在一个作表语的形容词后面,从概念上看是表语的形容词后面,从概念上看是宾语,所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语,所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句,但结构上看,也可以把
23、宾语从句,但结构上看,也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句,它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句,用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。的连词常常被省略。【考点一考点一】考查考查while,when和和asas,when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。引导的从句中用短暂性动词。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2021/8/11 星期三13当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导,不可用引导,不可用as 或或 while。When
24、 you have finished your work,you may have a rest.从句表示从句表示“随时间推移随时间推移”连词可用连词可用as,不用,不用when 或或while。As the day went on,the weather got worse.when还含有还含有“at that moment”的意思(的意思(=and then),引导的句子不能放在句首,也),引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用不能用as,while来替换。来替换。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填
25、空She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.(2009福建)福建)A.when B.while C.after D.since解析:选解析:选A。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知,主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知,主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成,引导词的意思是语动词之前已经完成,引导词的意思是“这时这时”。【考点二考点二】考查考查until和和till(1)两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示
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