高考英语一轮复习 定语从句语法专攻课件 牛津.ppt

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1、什么是定语和定语从句？什么是定语和定语从句？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的的”表示。表示。单词作定语一般前置单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语句子作定语则叫定语从句则叫定语从句.a blue sea a handsome boy2021/8/11 星期三1定语从句的位置定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面紧跟在先行词的后面:You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which

2、 I lost.I visited the school where I studied.2.2.定语从句后移定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.3.as3.as引导的定语从句可前移引导的定语从句可前移As you all know,the earth is round.2021/8/11 星期三2定语从句Join the following sentences:1.A plane is a machine.Th

3、e machine can fly.A plane is can fly.A plane is can fly.a machinethe machinea machinethat/which关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词代指先行词machine。2021/8/11 星期三32.The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl is Mary.The girl is Mary.we saw her yesterdaywho/that we saw yesterday关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，

4、关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词代指先行词the girl。2021/8/11 星期三41.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.定义定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词关系词/连接词连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。分。2021/8/11 星

5、期三5定语从句:关系代词关系代词(作主语作主语/宾语宾语/表语表语):):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不能放在介词的后面不能放在介词的后面4.whose=ofwhich或或ofwhom5.as关系副词关系副词(作状语作状语):1.where=介词介词+which2.when=介词介词+which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法的特殊用法 the wayhe lives.that he lives.in which he lives.关系词的作用关系词的作用:1)1)连接；连接；2)2)代替先行词；代替先行词；3)3)在定从中作成在定从

6、中作成分。分。2021/8/11 星期三6一、关系代词1.Thenumberofpeople_losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whenA1.who作定从的主语作定从的主语/宾语宾语指人指人作主语时不可省略作主语时不可省略指代先行词指代先行词2021/8/11 星期三72.Theboy_wesawyesterdaywasJohnsbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.whenAB2.whom作定从的宾语作定从的宾语指人指人可省略可省略指代先行词指代先行词2021/8/11 星期三83.Spielbergwon

7、aprizeforashortfilm_hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.whereAC3.which作定从的主语或宾语作定从的主语或宾语指物指物作宾语可省略作宾语可省略指代先行词指代先行词2021/8/11 星期三94.Itsaboutabigshark_attacksswimmers_arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./4.that作定从的主语或宾语作定从的主语或宾语指物或人指物或人作宾语可省略作宾语可省略指代先行词指代先行词CDBC2021/8/11 星期三105.Spiel

8、berg,_motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.thatC5.whose作定从的定语作定从的定语指物或人指物或人不可省略不可省略指代先行词指代先行词=sbs/sths2021/8/11 星期三11I once lived in a house _ was I once lived in a house _ was broken.broken.A.whose roof B.which roofA.whose roof B.which roofC.of which the roof C.of which the roo

9、f D.the roof of whichD.the roof of whichACD5.whosenofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。Herparentsdontwanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman_ispoor.whosefamily=thefamilyofwhom=ofwhomthefamilytheroofofthehouse2021/8/11 星期三12关系副关系副词和定和定语从句从句2021/8/11 星期三13I still remembe

10、r the day.=when(1)(2)on the dayI came here=on which我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。(1)我仍然记得这天。我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。在这天我来到这里。2021/8/11 星期三141.Doyouknowthedate_Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where1.whenBC作定从的时间状语作定从的时间状语指时间指时间,在从句中表示在从句中表示在在.时时间间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词先行词为时间名词2021/8/11 星期三15 This

11、 is the house.last year.=in which=whereI lived in the house (1)(2)就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。(1)就是这所房子。就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。我去年在这所房子住过。2021/8/11 星期三162.Thefarm_wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhichBD2.where作定从的地点状语作定从的地点状语指地点指地点,在从句中表示在从句中表示在在.地地点点=in/on.+which先行词为地点名词先行词为

12、地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词等为地点概念的名词)2021/8/11 星期三17He gave a reason.=for which=why(1)(2)for the reason.people like music(1)他给了一个原因他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。2021/8/11 星期三183.Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappy.A

13、.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./BC3.why作定从的原因状语作定从的原因状语指原因指原因,在从句中表示在从句中表示因为因为.原因原因=forwhich先行词为先行词为reasonIdisapprovethereasons_hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./AD因此先行词虽然为因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用则只能用that/which2021/8/11 星期三194.以以way为先行词的定语从句问题。为先行词的定语从句问题。Idontliketheway_heta

14、lkedtohismother.Idontliketheway_hechosetodoit.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.howABCACway方式，方式，方法方法1.1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用用thatthat或者或者in whichin which且可以略。且可以略。2.2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用语，用thatthat或或whichwhich 2021/8/11 星期三20指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时

15、可以省略？何时可以省略？2021/8/11 星期三21指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略2021/8/11 星期三22解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是地点还是reason,way。2021/8/11

16、 星期三231.ShelookedatJeff_waswavinghisarms.2.Thegirl_legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.3.Andthereshesawawallofwater_wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which1 1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2 2、再看先行词。、再看先行词。ABCBD2021/8/11 星期三24定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用一、只能用thatthat的情况：的情况：1.1.先行词

17、既有物又有人时。先行词既有物又有人时。He spoke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad.2.2.先行词是先行词是something,anything,all,something,anything,all,nothingnothing等不定代词时。等不定代词时。Is there anything that I can do for you?3.3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被或者被,all,the very,the only,the just,all,the very,the o

18、nly,the just修饰时。修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.2021/8/11 星期三25二、不用二、不用thatthat的情况：的情况：1.1.介词后禁用关系词介词后禁用关系词thatthat。I heard of the man,about whom he talked.2.非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。She was late again,which made me unhappy.定语从句使用中的特殊情况about that(X)that(X)2021/8/11 星期三26三三,介词关系代词的问题。介词关系代词的

19、问题。2021/8/11 星期三27介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?2021/8/11 星期三28介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sen

20、tences right?2021/8/11 星期三29介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?2021/8/11 星期三30介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre the

21、se two sentences right?2021/8/11 星期三31介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?2021/8/11 星期三32介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.t

22、oin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 2021/8/11 星期三33介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin2021/8/11 星期三34介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3He lives in a lonely village.At the back of it is a hill.He lives in a lovely villa

23、ge,at the back of _ is a hill.He has three sisters.All of them are abroad.He has three sisters,all of _ are abroad.whichwhomJoin the following sentences:2021/8/11 星期三35介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提

24、前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?3.3.固定动词或介词短语搭配固定动词或介词短语搭配2021/8/11 星期三361.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,the

25、secondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系

26、代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习2021/8/11 星期三37I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=on which=whenin the house=in which=wherefor the reasons=for which=whyin the way=that=in w

27、hich关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2021/8/11 星期三38介词关系代词的问题。介词关系代词的问题。1.ofwhich/whom结构很多时候表示结构很多时候表示“其中其中Class 14 has 75 students,of whom 35 students are girls.=35 students of whom are girls.2.when/why/where很多时候可转换为介很多时候可转换为介词词+关系代词。关系代词。This is the house where I live.Everyone knows the reason why he suc

28、ceeded.I remember the day when I visited the temple.in whichfor whichon which2021/8/11 星期三39On her birthday,she received from her parents a nice present _a note was attached,_“We love you so much”.A.that,saying B.to which,saying C.to which,said D.in which,said Alec asked the policeman _he worked to

29、contact him whenever there was an accident.A.With him B.who B.C.with whom D.whom2021/8/11 星期三401.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hega

30、ve.when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich2021/8/11 星期三41非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句2021/8/11 星期三421。which引导的非限制性定语从句：引导的非限制性定语从句：此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为也不能换为that1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：We all like

31、 the book,which was written by LuXun.2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后语从句只能放在主句之后：Bush was elected president again,which made Jim very sad.一一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/whose/which/where/when who/whom/whose/which/where/when/why/as/why/as 来引导来引导,不能用不能用thatthat2021/8/

32、11 星期三43二二.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句1.as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的定的,如：如：as you know/see/planned/as we expected/understand/think/believe也可以将它们用于被动结构中也可以将它们用于被动结构中:as is known/seen/planned/expected2021/8/11 星期三44The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is k

33、nown to all,the earth is round._ is known to all _the earth is round._ is known to all is _the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,it为形式主语为形式主语,that引导主语从句引导主语从句thatWhatthatwhat引导主语从句引导主语从句,that引导表语从句引导表语从句2021/8/11 星期三452.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固用于下列固定句型中定句型中1).This is such

34、 an interesting book _ we all like.2).This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)as3)This is the same book

35、 _ _ I have.2021/8/11 星期三463.as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的区引导非限制性定语从句的区别：别：1.which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。2.as引导的从句可前可后，常用于引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述（如上所述),asweknow（我们都知道（我们都知道),asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样），（正如往常一样），asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，等结构中，as含含有有“正如，正像正如，正像”之意。之意。2021/8/11 星期三47四四

36、.限限定定性性定定语语从从句句和和非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的区区别别:限限定定性性定定语语从从句句用用于于修修饰饰和和限限定定先先行行词词，与与先先行行词词之之间间的的关关系系非非常常密密切切。它它所所修修饰饰的的词词代代表表一一个个（些些）或或一一类类特特定定的的人人或或东东西西。如如果果删删去去，则则剩剩下下的的部部分分意意思思就就会会含含糊糊不不清清。如：如：This This is is the the man man who who gave gave me me the the moneymoney这就是给我钱的那个人。这就是给我钱的那个人。上上句句如如删删去去从从句句w

37、ho who gave gave me me the the moneymoney，则则成成了了This This is is the the manman（这这是是那那个个人人。）完完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉 2021/8/11 星期三48 非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：意思。如：Wang DongWang Dong，who is in the

38、 roomwho is in the room，wants to wants to ask you some questionsask you some questions 王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。上述主句是上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you Wang Dong wants to ask you some questionssome questions，如果删去从句（如果删去从句（who is in who is in the roomthe room），），并不影响整个句子基本意思的并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。表达。

39、2021/8/11 星期三49 另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：In their classIn their class，there are fifteen there are fifteen students who can speak English wellstudents who can speak English well在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）In their clas

40、sIn their class，there are fifteen there are fifteen studentsstudents，who can speak English well who can speak English well他们班上有十五位学生他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）英语口语都好。）（限定性定语从句）限定性定语从句）(非限定性定语从句）非限定性定语从句）2021/8/11 星期三50形式形式作用作用翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性

41、定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释能能不能不能.的的能否省略能否省略2021/8/11 星期三51解题方法和技巧解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是地点还是reason,way。2021/8/11 星期三52三三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句

42、的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.This/Itwhichthemwhomthemthat1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which whom引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略引导非限制性定

43、语从句的连接词，一律不能省略2.He failed in the exam;_ made his parents angry.this/it2021/8/11 星期三531.Isthisthefactory_hisfathervisitedlastyear?2.Isthisthefactory_hisfatherworkedlastyear?A.whichB.thatC./D.whereE.inwhich对比训练对比训练ABCDE2021/8/11 星期三541.Iwillneverforgetthetime_Ispentwiththevillagers.2.Iwillneverforgett

44、hetime_Istayedwiththevillagers.A.whichB.thatC./D.when对比训练对比训练ABCD2021/8/11 星期三551.Idontbelievethereason_hegaveforhisabsence.2.Idontbelievethereason_hewasabsent.A.whichB.thatC./D.whyE.forwhich对比训练对比训练ABCDE2021/8/11 星期三561.Itisthisshop_Iboughtallthesethings.2.Itisinthisshop_Iboughtallthesethings.A.tha

45、tB.whereC.inwhichD./对比训练对比训练BCA2021/8/11 星期三571.Itwas1949_PRCwasfounded.2.Itwasin1949_PRCwasfounded.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.where对比训练对比训练AC2021/8/11 星期三581.All_Idoisforyou.2._Idoisforyou.A.thatB.whatC./D.which对比训练对比训练ACBwhatwhat引导主语从句引导主语从句,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语.whatwhat不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句.2021/8/11 星期三59对比训练对

46、比训练1.Itissodifficultaquestion_noonecansolveit.2.Itissodifficultaquestion_noonecansolve.A.thatB.as1._isannounced,themeetingwasputoff.2._isannouncedthatthemeetingwasputoff.A.ItB.AsABBA2021/8/11 星期三603.as和和which引导定语从句的区别：引导定语从句的区别：1).which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面引导的从句只能放于逗号后面 2).as引导的从句可前可后，常用于引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissa

47、idabove（如上所述（如上所述),asweknow,asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往（正如往常一样常一样),asisreported,asweexpect等结等结构中，构中，as含有含有“正如，正像正如，正像”之意。之意。3).as还可以用语下列固定句型中还可以用语下列固定句型中:so/such/as/thesameas.2021/8/11 星期三611.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichThefamousfootballstar,_triedtomakeag

48、oal,succeeded.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whoD本句中本句中whichwhich指代先行词指代先行词a lawyera lawyer（律师身（律师身份份).).有逗号，不用有逗号，不用thatthat。D2021/8/11 星期三622.Theresultofthegamewasgood,_wehadntexpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what3._Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.WhichC本句中本

49、句中whichwhich指代前面整句话的内容，译为指代前面整句话的内容，译为“这这”。有逗号，不用。有逗号，不用thatthat。本句中本句中asas指代后面整句话的内容，译为指代后面整句话的内容，译为“正正如如.一样一样”。位于句首，不用。位于句首，不用whichwhich。C2021/8/11 星期三634.Ilikethesameprogramme_youlike.A.thatB.asC.whichD.whenB本句中本句中asas指代先行词指代先行词programmeprogramme，因为先行，因为先行词被词被the samethe same修饰，故选修饰，故选asas。asas引导

50、定语从句常与主句构成的引导定语从句常与主句构成的the the same.as;as.as;such/so.assame.as;as.as;such/so.as结构。结构。2021/8/11 星期三645._isreported,Tomwonthefirstprize.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.ThatB本句中本句中asas指代后面指代后面Tomwonthefirstprize的的事实。事实。译为译为“正如所报道的那样正如所报道的那样”。位。位于居首，不用于居首，不用which。asas引导非限制性定语可位于居首。引导非限制性定语可位于居首。2021/8/11 星期三65五五.定语从句