句子成分(精品).ppt

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1、句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分的分类：1）主要成分：主语和谓语2）次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。主语主语Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisa

2、greatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语谓语1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、

3、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。表语表语OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thes

4、peechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。宾语宾语Theywenttoseeanex

5、hibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），

6、eg.Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make)等+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。宾语补足语宾语补足语HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustntforcehimtolendh

7、ismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。lGuilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）lChinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）lTherearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）定语定语HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）