非谓语动词超详细讲解精选课件.ppt
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1、关于非谓语动词超详细讲解第一页,本课件共有16页1非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类 不定式不定式(infinitive)分词(分词(participle)动名词(动名词(gerund)2.非谓语动词的特点非谓语动词的特点 1)不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词 组成谓语。组成谓语。You ought to have been here yesterday.2)具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。The Party called on us to serve the people.3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后
2、还可以带表语。连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。The students ran out of the classroom,laughing merrily.To be frank,your plan is not practicable.第二页,本课件共有16页The Infinitive不定式的构成不定式的构成(to)donot(to)do不定式的特点不定式的特点 具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式 一般形式一般形式 进行式进行式 完成形式完成形式主动语态主动语态 to do t
3、o be doing to have done 被动语态被动语态 to be done to have been done 第三页,本课件共有16页不定式的用法:不定式的用法:(1)作主语作主语 不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用用it作作形式主语形式主语。To see is to believe It is right to give up smoking.It made me very happy to hear her talk about it.【注意一注意一】不定式的逻辑主语:不定式的逻辑主语:不定式不能单独做谓语,因此没有语法上的主语,不
4、定式不能单独做谓语,因此没有语法上的主语,但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。I promised Tom to play with him.I asked him to play with me.(to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是I)(to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是him)【注意二注意二】同一句型中不同介词的不同含义同一句型中不同介词的不同含义It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth(for 引出动作发出者)引出动作发出者)(of 引出引出adj修饰的对象)修饰的对象)第四页,本课件共有16页It i
5、s easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意:注意:常用在常用在of句型中的句型中的adj有:有:kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,
6、naughty(淘气的淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble,right,rude等等 You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.第五页,本课件共有16页(2)作宾语作宾语 注意:注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作作形式宾语形式宾语。I want to k
7、now this matter.I havent decided whether to go or stay.I find/feel it interesting to work with him Subject+find/think/feel/make it+adj/n+to do sth.My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class.能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,
8、manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等等第六页,本课件共有16页(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him 注意注意1:在:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make等词后的补足语等词后的补足语中,不定式不带中,不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被
9、动结构时,。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必须带就必须带to。能用于此用法的动词有:能用于此用法的动词有:ask,get,expect,wish,want,help,permit,beg,encourage,order,prefer,advise,like,call on,depend on,ask for,wait for等等I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 第七页,本课件共有16页注意注意2:不定式动词在介词:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,后面时,如果这些介词
10、之前有如果这些介词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式介词后的不定式不带不带to,否则要,否则要带带to。She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定语。作定语。I have some books for you to read.注注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地
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