食品感官分析与测试精.ppt

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1、食品感官分析与测试食品感官分析与测试第1页，本讲稿共45页-SensoryAnalysis感官分析感官分析感官分析感官分析-FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素-ProceduresForSmelling&Tasting闻味和尝味的程序闻味和尝味的程序闻味和尝味的程序闻味和尝味的程序-ControlsForSensoryTesting对感官测试的控制对感官测试的控制对感官测试的控制对感官测试的控制-MethodsofSensoryTests&theApplication感官测试的感官测试

2、的感官测试的感官测试的方法及其应用方法及其应用方法及其应用方法及其应用CONTENT第2页，本讲稿共45页WhatisSensoryAnalysis?什么是感官分析什么是感官分析SensoryAnalysisisascientificdisciplineusedtoevoke,measure,analyzeandinterpretreactionstothosecharacteristicsoffoodsandmaterialsastheyareperceivedbythesensesof:感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反应如以下感觉：Sight视觉视觉Sm

3、ell 嗅觉嗅觉Taste 味觉味觉Touch 触觉触觉 Hearing 听觉听觉第3页，本讲稿共45页textureMouth feelsmelldefectsviscositycolorsizeshapetasteKinestheticFlavorAppearanceSensory analysis is about collecting data from human assessors tounderstandwhattheyperceivedwhenexposedtoaproduct感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据，进而了解它们是如何感知产品的Humanareusedasmeasur

4、inginstrument.人类作为测量的仪器WhatisSensoryAnalysis?什么是感官分析什么是感官分析第4页，本讲稿共45页TheSenseofSmell嗅觉嗅觉OlfactoryNerve嗅神经TrigeminalNerve三叉神经Aroma香气:OdourofProduct产品的气味(nasal route)顺鼻腔路径Aroma香气(retronasal route)逆鼻腔路径第5页，本讲稿共45页ProceduresForSmelling闻香的程序闻香的程序Repeatedshortorlonghardsniffs.或长或短地重复用力吸气Sniffsamenumberof

5、timesrestinginbetweeneachseries每次休息时吸气次数保持一致Solidsorsemi-solidsshouldbestirredorbrokeninordertoexposetoafreshsurface固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面第6页，本讲稿共45页TheSenseofTaste味觉味觉Bitter苦味苦味Acidic酸味酸味Salty咸味咸味Sweet甜味甜味Umami鲜味鲜味第7页，本讲稿共45页ProceduresForTasting尝味的程序尝味的程序Liquids液体Sameamountforeachjudge数量一致Tastesmalls

6、ipsandrollaroundmouthtoactivatealltastebudareas啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Orslurpsothatliquidissprayeduniformlythroughoutthemouth或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在口腔Rinsemouthcarefullywithwaterorhaveabiteofcracker仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干第8页，本讲稿共45页ProceduresForTasting尝味的程序尝味的程序Solids固体Takesmallmouthfeelsorpiecesaroundthetonguetoactivatealltast

7、ebudareas取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有的味蕾Rinseandrestbetweensamplestoavoidcarry-overorfatigue品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳第9页，本讲稿共45页HumanasmeasuringInstrument人类作为测量仪器人类作为测量仪器Sensory Stimulus 感官刺激感官刺激ResponseResponse反应反应反应反应Sense organ感觉器官Sensation感觉感觉Memory记忆记忆Expectation期望期望Motivation动力动力Brain大脑Perception知觉知觉第1

8、0页，本讲稿共45页HumanasmeasuringInstrument人类作为测量仪器人类作为测量仪器The stimulushits the sense organ and is convertedto a nerve signalwhichtravelstothebrain;thebrainthenorganizesandintegratestheincoming sensation into perceptions with the contribution of pastexperience;lastly a response is formulated based on the s

9、ubjectsperceptions感官受到刺激，将其转化为神经信号传输到大脑；大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合为知觉.；最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应第11页，本讲稿共45页FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素Expectationerror期望错误Stimuluserror刺激错误Leniencyerror宽大错误Proximityerror近似错误Centraltendencyerror中心化错误第12页，本讲稿共45页FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官

10、测定的因素Suggestioneffect暗示效应Positionalbias(ordereffect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Contrasteffectand对照效应和集中错误convergenceerrorMotivation动力第13页，本讲稿共45页Expectationerror期望的错误Information given with the sample may triggerpreconceivedideas样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主Stimuluserror刺激的错误Irrelevant criteria,such as color or size influence theo

11、bserver无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观察者FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素第14页，本讲稿共45页Leniencyerror宽大的错误Basedontheirfeelingsabouttheresearcher,ignoringproductdifferences根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品的差异FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素Suggestioneffect暗示效应Reactionsofothermembersofapanelcan

12、influencetheresponseofapanelist品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测试者第15页，本讲稿共45页Positionalbias(ordereffect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Scorethesecondproduct(ofasetofproducts)higherorlowerthanexpected给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或偏低Contrasteffectandconvergenceerror对照效应和集中错误Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between theothersamplesint

13、heirscores夸大或掩盖样品间的差异FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素第16页，本讲稿共45页Proximityerror近似的错误Correlation between characteristics close together maybehigherthanothercharacteristic相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关联可能要高一些Centraltendencyerror中心化的错误Scoringproductsinthemidrangeofascaletoavoidextremes给产品打分偏中等，

14、以避免极端FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素第17页，本讲稿共45页Motivation动力Affectssensoryperception.Fore.g.interestedpanelistisalwaysmoreefficientandreliable.动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可靠。FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素影响感官测定的因素第18页，本讲稿共45页ControlsForSensoryTesting对感官测试的控制对感官

15、测试的控制EnvironmentControls环境的控制PanelistControls品评小组的控制第19页，本讲稿共45页EnvironmentControls环境的控制环境的控制PanelBoothTestingArea品评单间的测试区域Sensoryevaluationofproducts产品的感官品评DescriptiveEvaluation&TrainingArea描述性品评和培训的区域Meetingwithpanelist和品评小组成员开会PreparationArea&ServingArea准备和分发的区域Samplepreparationandserving样品的准备和分发

16、OfficeArea办公区域Administrativepreparationsoftestsandtheirinterpretation测试的行政准备和解释第20页，本讲稿共45页PanelBoothTestingArea品评单间的测试区域品评单间的测试区域Individualbooth单独隔开的小间Slidingdoor移动门Neutralwallcolor中性的墙壁颜色SinkandTap水槽和龙头Coloredlightning有颜色的光照Odor-free无气味Computer电脑第21页，本讲稿共45页DescriptiveEvaluation&TrainingArea描述性品评和

17、培训区域描述性品评和培训区域Facilities similar tobootharea设备和品评单间相似Conference style table for 6-12panelists可坐6-12人的会议桌Whiteboard,clock白板，时钟Preparation facilities for referencesamples准备参考样品的设施第22页，本讲稿共45页Preparation&ServingArea准备和分发区域准备和分发区域Well-equippedkitchen设备良好的厨房Odor-free&ventilated无味且通风良好Air-conditioned空调Ref

18、rigerator/frozenstoragespace冰箱/冷冻保存空间Constructionmaterial建筑材料Specializedequipment特殊器材第23页，本讲稿共45页OfficeArea办公区域办公区域Closetopanelbooth靠近品评单间Convenienttolocaterecords,storagespace,anycomputerterminal便于安装记录、储存空间和电脑终端Phone,printeratsufficientdistance电话、打印机摆放在合理的距离内第24页，本讲稿共45页SensoryAnalysisLaboratory感官分

19、析研究所感官分析研究所Mapping(FCA)图示图示F1F2FruitProduitAProduitBProduitCQuantitativeDescriptiveProfile定量的风味描述定量的风味描述Statistics统计统计Blindtests盲试盲试Controlledenvironment控制的环境控制的环境第25页，本讲稿共45页PanelistControl品评小组的控制品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Beforeevaluation品评前Do not smoke and consume sweets,coffee oranythingwithas

20、trongtasteimmediatelyorlessthan30minutesbeforethetest测试前30分钟内不可抽烟，吃糖，喝咖啡或品尝其他味重的东西Arriveatthetimeagreedforthetest准时到达第26页，本讲稿共45页PanelistControl品评小组的控制品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Beforeevaluation品评前Do not use strong perfume,perfumed after-shavelotion,perfumedsoap,etc不要使用浓烈的香水，润肤香水，香皂等Informed impai

21、red physical form e.g.Cold orheadache身体不适，如感冒或头痛第27页，本讲稿共45页PanelistControl品评小组的控制品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Duringevaluation测试中Donottalktocolleaguesduringassessments测试时不要和同事说话Donotbringextraneousitems,suchasnewspapersintothetestbooth不要带无关的东西到测试场所如报纸等第28页，本讲稿共45页PanelistControl品评小组的控制品评小组的控制PanelO

22、rientation品评员的指导Duringevaluation测试中Useallthetimeavailableformakingevaluations用全部的时间作测试Panelistarenotallowedtovisitthetestkitchenduringthetest测试时成员不可去测试准备室第29页，本讲稿共45页Analytical分析的NewProductdevelopment新产品研发Productmatching产品复制Productimprovement产品改进Processchange工艺改变Storagestability贮存稳定性Productgradingan

23、drating产品分级和打分Affective情感方面的Consumeracceptance/opinions消费者认可/意见Consumerpreference消费者偏好Methods&Application方法和应用方法和应用第30页，本讲稿共45页TheSensorytests感官测试感官测试Descriptivetests描述测试Quantifieddescriptionofthedifferencesperceivedbetweenproducts定量地描述产品间的差异Analyticaltests分析测试分析测试Discriminativetests辨别测试Todetectifth

24、ereisadifferencebetweenarangeofproducts去发现一组产品中是否有差别Affectivetests情感测试情感测试Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试Tostudypreferencesanddislikesofconsumers研究消费者的喜好和厌恶第31页，本讲稿共45页成对喜偏好测试成对喜偏好测试PairedPreferenceTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting.Youhavebeengiventwosamples.开

25、始前请先漱口。您将品尝到两个样品Tastetheproductontheleftfirst.Thentastetheproductontheright.Youmayretasteasoftenasyouneedto.先尝左边产品,再尝右边产品。可以按自己的需要反复品尝Circlethenumberofpreferredsample.圈出您喜欢的产品(157)(468)Pleasecommentonthereasonsforyouchoice请说明您选择的理由:(157)(468)_Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试喜好测试第32页，本讲稿共45页排序偏好排序偏好测试Rank

26、PreferenceTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting,beforeeachsampleandanytimeyouneedto.请在开始时,品尝每个样品之间和任何您需要的时候漱口YouwillreceiveFOURsamples.Pleaserankthemintheorderofyourdegreeofpreference.你会收到四个样品(254,857,359,460),请按照喜欢的程度给它们排序Writetotheverytopthecodeofthesampleyo

27、ulikebest(towhichyougivethefirstpositioninthedegreeofpreference)andtotheverybottomthecodeofthesampleyoulikeleast.将您最喜欢产品的编号写在最上方,最不喜欢的产品写在最下方Markthedegreeofpreferencefortheothersamplesinbetween.Tiesarenotallowed.其余的产品写在中间。不允许存在相互联系_1strankposition排列位置(mostliked最喜欢)_2ndrankposition排列位置_3rdrankpositio

28、n排列位置_4thrankposition排列位置(leastliked最不喜欢)Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试喜好测试第33页，本讲稿共45页享享乐乐型的批分型的批分测试测试HedonicRatingTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_PleasetasteeachsamplefromLEFTtoRIGHT.Pleasedrinkwaterandeatacrackerbetweensamples.请请从左到右品从左到右品尝尝每个每个样样品。品。请请在品在品尝样尝样品之品之间间喝水吃喝水吃饼饼干干ConsideringAllcharact

29、eristics(APPEARANCE,FLAVOUR,and TEXTURE).Indicateyouroverallopinionbycirclingonepointonthefollowingscale.考考虑虑所有特所有特征征(外外观观,风风味和味和组织组织),并圈出能并圈出能够够反映你整体意反映你整体意见见的分的分值值Describewhatyoulikedanddislikedabouteachofthesamples.描述你描述你对这对这个个产产品有什么喜品有什么喜欢还欢还是不喜是不喜欢欢的地方的地方?()_()_()_()_Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试

30、喜好测试第34页，本讲稿共45页EvaluationForm姓名Name日期Date产品Product目标目标OBJECTIVE:Toobtaingeneraldescriptionabouttheproductsbasedonthecommentsgivenbythepanellist,andtodeterminethepreferenceamongthesamples,formorethantwosamplesevaluation.INSTRUCTIONS:Youaregivenafewsamples.Pls.describethem,rateyourpreferenceandrankth

31、emaccordingly(Remark:Equalranksarenotallowed.)1-DislikeExtremely非常不喜欢非常不喜欢;6-LikeSlightly有点喜欢有点喜欢;2-DislikeVeryMuch很不喜欢很不喜欢;7-LikeModerately喜欢喜欢;3-DislikeModerately不喜欢不喜欢;8-LikeVeryMuch很喜欢很喜欢;4-DislikeSlightly有点不喜欢有点不喜欢;9-LikeExtremely非常喜欢非常喜欢5-NeitherLikeNorDislike;既不喜欢也不讨厌既不喜欢也不讨厌Hedonic/Preferenc

32、etests喜好测试喜好测试第35页，本讲稿共45页三角测试三角测试TriangleTest姓名姓名(Name):P18_部门部门(Department):_您将品尝到您将品尝到3个样品。两个是同样的，一个是不同的。个样品。两个是同样的，一个是不同的。Youhavebeengiventhreesamples.Twoofthesesamplesareidentical,oneisdifferent.请集中注意力，依次品尝这些样品，区分它们的不同之处：请集中注意力，依次品尝这些样品，区分它们的不同之处：Pleasetastethesesamplesintheordergivenbelowincon

33、centratingyourattentiononthedifferenceinflavour:圈出与其他两个不同的样品号圈出与其他两个不同的样品号Circlethenumberofthedifferentsample.837911586标出它们之间的差别大小程度标出它们之间的差别大小程度Indicatethedegreeofdifferenceinflavourbetweentheidenticalsamplesandthedifferentone.评注：评注：Comments不同的样品：不同的样品：Differentsample_相同的样品：相同的样品：Identicalsamples_D

34、iscriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第36页，本讲稿共45页对比测试对比测试Duo-TrioTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_我们会给您一个标为我们会给您一个标为“R”的参照样品和另外两个样品。的参照样品和另外两个样品。Youhavebeengivenareferencesample“R”andtwocodedsamples.请先品尝样品请先品尝样品“R”，然后再品尝其他两个。在后两个样品中选出您认为与然后再品尝其他两个。在后两个样品中选出您认为与“R”相同的样品。相同的样品。Pleasesmellandtastethereferencesam

35、ple“R”first,followedbythetwocodedsamples.Indicatewhichofthetwocodedsamplesisidenticaltothereferencesample“R”.如果您认为两个样品与如果您认为两个样品与“R”都很相似，您必须在其中猜选一个。都很相似，您必须在其中猜选一个。Ifnodifferenceisapparentbetweenthetwounknownsamples,youmustguess.可以允许重复品尝可以允许重复品尝Retastingisallowed.圈出您认为与参照样品相同的样品号圈出您认为与参照样品相同的样品号Circ

36、lethenumberoftheidenticalsample.278543评注：评注：Comments278543_Discriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第37页，本讲稿共45页DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTEST五五选二二测试TWOOUTOFFIVETEST姓名姓名(Name):P20_部门部门(Department):_我们会给您我们会给您五个样品五个样品.其中两个是同样的其中两个是同样的,而另三个相同成为一组而另三个相同成为一组.Youhavebeengivenfivesamples.Twoofthesefivesamplesbelongtooneset;

37、theotherthreebelongtoanotherset.请选择两个相同的样品请选择两个相同的样品,在这两个样品编号边打上在这两个样品编号边打上X记号记号IdentifythetwosampleswhichbelongtogetherbyplacinganXafterthecodenumber.同时请在评语栏里填上作相应评价同时请在评语栏里填上作相应评价Pleasecommentaccordingly.编号编号CODE_评语评语COMMENTS:Twosamplesgroup_Threesamplesgroup_Discriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第38页，本讲稿共45

38、页排序测试排序测试RankingTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_您将品尝到不同甜味强度的三个样品您将品尝到不同甜味强度的三个样品Youhavebeengiventhreesamplesofdifferentsweetnessintensity.请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题Pleasesmellandtastethesesamplesandanswerthefollowingquestion:399525833按其甜味强度依次排列按其甜味强度依次排列Rankthesethreeproductsinascendingord

39、eroftheirsweetness:No.1_No.2_No.3_(No.1为为甜度最低，甜度最低，No.3为甜度最强为甜度最强)(WithNo.1oftheleastsweetnessandNo.3ofthehighestsweetness)评注：评注：Comments_Discriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第39页，本讲稿共45页打分打分测试ScalingTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_产品产品(Product):Milkpowder(4)UtilisationoftheCATEGORYscaleSamples:987SWEET:012

40、3456378SWEET:0123456249SWEET:0123456527SWEET:01234560.Absence1.JustDetectable2.Weak3.Moderate4.SlightlyStrong5.Strong6.VeryStrongDiscriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第40页，本讲稿共45页打分打分测试测试ScalingTest姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_IntensityratingscalewiththeutilisationofDifference.Pleaserateaccordingtothereferenc

41、eRef.A:010Ref.B:010Samples:010268010457010176010534AbsentModerateVeryIntenseDiscriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第41页，本讲稿共45页DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTESTName:_Date:3/11/01_TypeofSample:*Instructions:.Youhavereceived4samples(3-digitcoded)andacontrolsamplemarked“R”.Tastethecontrolsamplemarked“R”first.Thentastethet

42、estsamplemarked“XXX”intheindicatedsequenceorder.AssesstheoverallsensorydifferencesbetweenthetwosamplesusingthescaleBelow.Commentonthedifferences.012345678910NoModerateExtremeDiffDiff.RememberthataDuplicateControlisthesamplesomeofthetime.*CodeDegreeofDifferenceCommentsonDifference(Strength/Profileetc

43、.)_732_581_463_694_Discriminativetests辨别测试辨别测试第42页，本讲稿共45页姓名姓名(Name):_部门部门(Department):_您将品尝到您将品尝到7种奶粉的样品种奶粉的样品,请闻其香，尝其味，并描述其口味请闻其香，尝其味，并描述其口味YouhavebeengivensevenMilkpowderproducts.Pleasesmellandtastethesamplesandtrytodescribetheperceivedtaste.确认您是否能感觉出下列描述，若不能，请将此描述此划去，若您想到另外的描述，请添加确认您是否能感觉出下列描述，若

44、不能，请将此描述此划去，若您想到另外的描述，请添加Confirmifyoucanfeeltheselisteddescriptionsinthefollowingproducts.Ifno,pleaseslashonthisdescriptor.Andifyoudetectsomedescriptorsotherthanthelistedcomments,pleaseaddaccordingly.描述测试描述测试DescriptiveTestDescriptivetests描述测试描述测试第43页，本讲稿共45页描述测试描述测试DescriptiveTest Name姓名姓名:_Departm

45、ent部部门:_B/INTENSITYMEASUREMENTOFDESCRIPTORTastethesampleandgiveyouroverallopinionabouttheintensityofthedifferentnotesusingthe7-ptscale.Rinseyourmouthsoastoclearyourpaletteeachtimeaftertastingeachproducttogiveamoreaccurateratingforeachdescriptors.0.Absence1.JustDetectable2.Weak3.Moderate4.SlightlyStrong5.Strong6.VeryStrongSample:357Descriptivetests描述测试描述测试第44页，本讲稿共45页THEEND.终终.Thankyouforyourparticipation.谢谢您的参与谢谢您的参与。第45页，本讲稿共45页