高考英语英语阅读理解专题讲座--猜测词义（定稿）.ppt

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1、欢迎各位莅临指导！欢迎各位莅临指导！江苏省包场高级中学江苏省包场高级中学 宋宋 健健 2013年年9月月30日日课堂教学目标课堂教学目标1 1、明确、明确20132013年高考考试说明中关于阅年高考考试说明中关于阅读理解试题的考查要求；读理解试题的考查要求；2 2、通过学习使学生掌握几种基本的阅、通过学习使学生掌握几种基本的阅读理解试题中关于猜测生词意义的解读理解试题中关于猜测生词意义的解题技巧；题技巧；3 3、运用所学的解题技巧进行课堂训练，、运用所学的解题技巧进行课堂训练，让学生对此加以巩固让学生对此加以巩固2013年考试说明中年考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂

2、熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。常用常用 设问形式设问形式1.The underlined word“”refers to(means

3、).2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“”?3.What is the meaning of“”as the words are used in the text?4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word“”?5.What do you think the expression.stands for?A quiz What does the underlined word mean?(Guess the meaning as q

4、uickly as you can.)Warming-up exercisesWarming-up exercises 1).If you agree,write“yes”,if you dissent,write“no”.2).Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.3).The young man was so bashful

5、 that he dare not speak to the pretty girl.4).Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago,it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.thieves in shopsdisagreeshymake something simple上上下文下文构词法构词法猜测词意 英语构词法分英语构词法分派生法派生法、转化法转化法和和合成法合成法。

6、1).Our soldiers won a decisive victory in the battle.2).Colourful wall-paper would brighten（up）the room.3).Women have equal say in everything.4).That country is underdeveloped and the living conditions are rather low.根据构词法决定性的决定性的使使明亮明亮发言权发言权不发达的不发达的 信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as A mosqui

7、to is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His

8、uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班2、对比关系、对比关系 信号词信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one handon the other hand,for

9、 one thingfor another thing,instead of 等等 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everythin

10、g seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的不同意不同意

11、3、因果关系、因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的Ex.3 Since I could not a

12、fford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪4、举例法、举例法 信号词信号词:such,such as,li

13、ke,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置5、重述、重述 信号词信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it a

14、nother way,i.e.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.灌溉灌溉灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的6、同义词、近义词、同义词、近义词 信号词信号词:or,like

15、,asas,the same as The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.代替、接替、废弃代替、接替、废弃圆圆胖的胖的7、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,h

16、e usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when

17、cooled.麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩Ex.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖8.8.捕捉关键信息捕捉关键信息例题：例题：Tom cant fin

18、d his sneakers.C.shoesTom cant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsl）Jane is usually prompt.Alate Bon time Cpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her

19、first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的,迅速的迅速的,即时的即时的adv.准时地准时地2）The children are looking at an ape.Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zooThe children are looking at a large,hairy(毛的)ape at the zoo 猿猿3)The lady asked the waitress to get her a saucer Aa glass

20、Ba cake Ca small plate The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucerThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on茶杯托茶杯托阅读理解之猜词技巧归纳阅读理解之猜词技巧归纳1 1、定义或解释说明；、定义或解释说明；2 2、对比关系；、对比关系；3 3、因果关系；、因果关系；4 4、举例说明；、举例说明；5 5、重述；、重述；6 6、同义词、近义词；、同义词、近义词；7 7、生活经验、生活常识、逻辑推理；、

21、生活经验、生活常识、逻辑推理；8 8、捕捉关键信息。、捕捉关键信息。1).A dragoon is a soldier of the old days who fight with his enemy on horse back.2).But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is an arid period.Consolidation骑兵骑兵干旱的，旱灾的干旱的，旱灾的3).It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easil

22、y.4).Ive found Lucy is quite liberal，for example,whenever she meets a beggar,she gives some coins to him.Consolidation易碎的易碎的慷慨的，大方的慷慨的，大方的 运用文中的解释或列举 be called,that is(to say),in be called,that is(to say),in other words,namelyother words,namely，mean,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,deal with,be co

23、nsidered,to be,refer to,be known asrefer to,be known as等表解释等表解释；such as,for example,for such as,for example,for instanceinstance等表列举等表列举.注意连接词注意连接词 运用同义关系1).The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all called her an eccentric lady.2).For thousands of years me

24、n have looked up at“falling stars”and wondered what they were and where they came from.Today we know that they are not“stars”at all,we call them meteors.3).Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly.Once they begin to thaw,several weeks of warm weather may be required before they are totally diss

25、olved.Consolidation古怪的古怪的流流 星星融融 化化Consolidation 运用同位关系1).Not every historic mansion,church,battle site,theatre and other public halls can be preserved.2).His father was an expert in phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.3).The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope,an instrument

26、for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.大大 厦厦语语 言言 学学听听 诊诊 器器1).He had been getting better,but during the night his condition deteriorated.2).His father despises while his mother loves him very much.Consolidation恶化恶化憎恨憎恨,怨恨怨恨 运用对比关系1).What could John expect?He had left his wet swimming tru

27、nks in the dark closet for over a week.Of course they had begun to mildew.2).The tree will have to be cut down for it obstructs the view of oncoming traffic.3).The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.Consolidation发发 霉霉妨碍妨碍,阻碍阻碍微弱的微弱的 运用因果关系注意连接

28、词but，while,however，despite，in spite of,yet，otherwise，though,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary 等表对比等表对比；because，since,as,so，so.that与与such.that等表因果等表因果。4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C.全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-

29、old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever祝祝功功成成你你!小试身手7.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man to

30、ld him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.house9.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in

31、School,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers祝祝功功成成你你!小试身手10.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry11.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A

32、.direct B.indirect C.straight12.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.A.small B.large C.dull祝祝功功成成你你!小试身手celebrity (A.名人名人 B.作家作家 C.主持人主持人)Two years ago that singer had no money and no fame.Now she is a famous celebrity.enterprising (A.令人惊讶的令人惊讶的 B.神

33、秘的神秘的 C.有进取心的有进取心的)Frank is a very enterprising person.He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better.in the public eye That actress has been in the public eye almost all her life.She first appeared on a TV show when she was 8 years old.promote (A.提升提升 B.推销推销 C.遥控遥控)If you want the bo

34、ss to choose you for the job,promote yourself as the best person.ultimately(A.按时地按时地 B.最终最终 C.幸福地幸福地)Bob just started dating(约会约会)Susan.He hopes this relationship will ultimately lead to marriage.经常在公开场合露面经常在公开场合露面,小试身手1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.

35、A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的成功的 B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级

36、祝祝功功成成你你!What does“in the public eye”mean?A.公众熟悉的公众熟悉的,出名的出名的Tips:in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB.在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C.公开的公开的 D.令人眼热的令人眼热的Mr Zhang often appears Mr Zhang often appears in public.But he is not famoushe is not But he is not famoushe is not in the public eyein the public eye.

37、1 1.However obvious these facts may.However obvious these facts may appear at first glance,they are appear at first glance,they are actually not so obvious as they seem actually not so obvious as they seem except when we except when we take special painstake special pains to think about the subject.

38、to think about the subject.In Paragraph 3In Paragraph 3,“,“take specialtake special painspains”probably means“_”.”probably means“_”.A.try very hard A.try very hard B.take our timeB.take our time C.are very unhappy C.are very unhappy D.feel especially painful D.feel especially painful高考题再现高考题再现2 2.Ra

39、inforests like the Amazon are .Rainforests like the Amazon are important for important for mopping upmopping up CO2 from the CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in a

40、round 500 million tons Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year.of CO2 each year.The underlined phraseThe underlined phrase“mopping “mopping up”in the second paragraph up”in the second paragraph means means .A Acleaning up Bcleaning up Btaking intaking in C Cwiping outwiping out D Dgi

41、ving out giving out 高考题再现析：这是一段介绍热带雨林吸收二氧析：这是一段介绍热带雨林吸收二氧化碳的说明文。化碳的说明文。此题猜测词义。根据此题猜测词义。根据Currently the trees in the Amazon take in Around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year句中的句中的take in可可猜测正确答案为猜测正确答案为 B。3.3.Towards the evening,there comes the grand Towards the evening,there comes the grand finalef

42、inale of the opening day,an extremely exciting of the opening day,an extremely exciting horse race.All the riders run very fast on horse race.All the riders run very fast on horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their saddles.Some even ride upsid

43、e down-their legs saddles.Some even ride upside down-their legs and feet straight up in the air-all at full speed.and feet straight up in the air-all at full speed.Q:The underlined word“finale”in the fourth paragraph most probably means the_ of the opening day.A.first part B.middle C.last part D.who

44、le 析：析：这是一篇叙述文，叙述了撒哈拉节日第一天的活动。此题这是一篇叙述文，叙述了撒哈拉节日第一天的活动。此题 猜测词义。根据猜测词义。根据“final”的派生可猜测的派生可猜测finale为为”终场终场”的意思。的意思。因此正确答案为因此正确答案为高考题再现高考题再现4).Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”(2005广广东卷东卷B篇篇)The underlined word roughly means_.A.encourag

45、ed B.compared C.examined D.developed5).Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection.”Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains.“That was before the Euro,so we put pesetas in.”（2005湖南卷湖南卷篇）篇）The underlined word“pesetas”is a kind o

46、f_.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coinforeign coins高考题再现6.6.William Shakespeare said,The web William Shakespeare said,The web of our life is of a of our life is of a mingled mingled yarn(yarn(纱线纱线),),good and ill together.The above good and ill together.The above brief review of the ap

47、plication of brief review of the application of only one part of human activities only one part of human activities science seems to prove what science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.Shakespeare said.The underlined wordThe underlined word mingled in mingled in the last paragraph most probably

48、the last paragraph most probably means_.means_.A.simple B.mixed A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy C.sad D.happy7.“7.“I dont need a yes man.You never tell I dont need a yes man.You never tell me what you think.You just smile as me what you think.You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But,”said th

49、ough everything is fine.”“But,”said Kim,“I feel that since you are my Kim,“I feel that since you are my superior,it would be superior,it would be presumptuouspresumptuous of me of me to tell you what to do.”to tell you what to do.”The wordThe word“presumptuous”in the middle of “presumptuous”in the m

50、iddle of the passage is closest in meaning to“_”.the passage is closest in meaning to“_”.A.full of respect B.too confident and rude A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet高考题再现 胆大妄为的胆大妄为的8.Like Schmid,the edit