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1、新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)主主谓谓一一致致,是是指指主主语语和和谓谓语语动动词词要要保保持持人人称称和和数数上上的的一一致致。主主谓谓一一致致涉涉及及三三个个基基本本原原则则,即即语语法法一一致致原原则则、意意义义一一致致原原则则和和就就近近一一致致原原则则。主主谓谓一一致致涉涉及及的的情情况况比比较较繁繁多多,考考点点也也比比较较分分散散。可从两个方面来把握:可从两个方面来把握:1根根据据语语法法一一致致和和就就近近一一致致的的原原则则准准确确辨辨识识作作主主语语的的中中心心词;词;新新课标课标高考
2、高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)主谓一致主谓一致原则原则主语主语谓语谓语典句示例典句示例语法语法一致一致原则原则单数单数单数单数Mary is a student.复数复数复数复数Mary and Kelly are alike.就近就近一致一致原则原则由由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接等连接与最近的主语在单复数与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致上保持一致Neither you nor I am fit for the work.Are neither you
3、nor I fit for the work?由由there,here引起引起的主语不止一个时的主语不止一个时和最邻近的主语保持一和最邻近的主语保持一致致There is a lake and some hills around it.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)原原则则主语主语谓谓语语典句示例典句示例意意义义一一致致原原则则由连词由连词and连接的并列成分指连接的并列成分指的是同一概念的是同一概念单单数数The worker and writer is from Wuhan.Bread and butter is sold in that shop.no/ea
4、ch/every/many a单数名单数名词词andno/each/every/many a/more than one单数名词单数名词Many a student has been to Beijing.Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.More than one person was killed in the accident.one/every one/each/either/the numberof复数名词复数名词Each of the s
5、tudents has a book.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)原则原则主语主语谓语谓语典句示例典句示例意义意义一致一致原则原则clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集体名词等无生命的集体名词单数单数Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.以以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词。如:书籍、报刊等名称的词。如:news,maths,politics,physics等等Phy
6、sics is one of my favourite subjects.表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表达一个整体钱、体积等复数名词表达一个整体概念概念Ten kilometres is a good distance.Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.Twenty years has passed since we left school.由由every,any,some,no和和one,thing,body等所构成等所构成的不定代词的不定代词Is everybody here
7、today?新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)原则原则主语主语谓谓语语典句示例典句示例意义意义一致一致原则原则动词动词ing形式、动词不定式和形式、动词不定式和名词性从句名词性从句复复数数Persuading him to join us seems really hard.Whatever was left was taken away.由由and连接的两个并列成分表示连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念两个不同的概念Both walking and riding are good exercises.people,police,cattle等有生命等有生命的集体名
8、词的集体名词People read for pleasure during their spare time.一些常用作复数或只有复数形一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词,如式的名词,如goods,stairs,arms等等The goods are sold out.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以以s结尾的专有名词结尾的专有名词The Olympic Games are held once every four years.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)原则原则主语主语谓谓语语典句示例典句示例意义意义一致一致原则原则a number of
9、/quantities of/a group of/one or two名词名词复复数数A number of the other plants were found in America.“the形容词形容词”作主语,如果作主语,如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数。指一类人,谓语动词用复数。如果指抽象概念则用单数如果指抽象概念则用单数The rich are not always happy.The new is sure to take place of the old.“kind/sort/pair/type/series/quantity名词名词”作主语时,其作主语时,其谓语动词的单、复数按
10、这些名谓语动词的单、复数按这些名词的单、复数而定词的单、复数而定This kind of paper is made from wood.Some kinds of animals are dying out.表示成双的物体作主语时,谓表示成双的物体作主语时,谓语用复数。如:语用复数。如:glasses,shoes,trousers,shorts(短裤短裤)。这。这些名词如用些名词如用pair修饰时,则以修饰时,则以pair的单、复数来确定的单、复数来确定The shoes are under the bed.This pair of shoes is under the bed.Two pa
11、irs of shoes are under the bed.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)原则原则主语主语谓谓语语典句示例典句示例意义意义一致一致原则原则集体名词集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,group等等强调整体时谓语用单数,指个体成强调整体时谓语用单数,指个体成员时谓语用复数员时谓语用复数单单复复数数视视情情况况而而定定The population in China is very large and 8
12、0%of the population live in rural areas.The class are doing experiment in the lab.The class has won the honour.单复数同形的名词,如单复数同形的名词,如means,works,deer,fish,sheep等等Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.There are various means of communicating with a stranger.all,none,some
13、,any等不定代词等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定作主语,根据其指代的内容而定All is going on very well.All are present besides the professor.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数分数/百分百分数数of名词名词”作主语,谓语要和作主语,谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致之后的名词单复数保持一致A lot of students are coming to the meeting.A lot of work is to be done to prepar
14、e for the meeting.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)特别提醒:特别提醒:1what和和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。What he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致。他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行与我他的言行与我无关。无关。2在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词的数和在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致,但
15、先行词保持一致,但“one of复数名词复数名词”后面的定语从句的后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数,而在谓语动词用复数,而在“the(only/very)one of复数名词复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中,谓语动词却用单数。后面所接的定语从句中,谓语动词却用单数。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has take
16、n part in the activity.他是惟一参加过这个活动的学生。他是惟一参加过这个活动的学生。3当当主主语语后后有有介介词词with,together/along with,including,like,but,except,other than,rather than和和as well as等等时时,谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)The teacher as well as the students was excited at the news.听到这个消息,老
17、师和学生们都很激动。听到这个消息,老师和学生们都很激动。Nobody except my parents knows anything about it.除除了了我父母之外,没有人知道这事。我父母之外,没有人知道这事。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)数词数词数词表示数目多少或先后顺序。可分为基数词和序数词。数词表示数目多少或先后顺序。可分为基数词和序数词。一、基数词使用时的注意事项一、基数词使用时的注意事项1人的岁数或年代可用表人的岁数或年代可用表“几十几十”的数词的复数表示。的数词的复数表示。He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁。他
18、有三十来岁。This took place in the 1930s.这件事情发生在这件事情发生在20世纪世纪30年代。年代。2基基数数词词常常位位于于another,all之之后后,such,more之之前前,last,next,other前后皆可。前后皆可。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)I need another two students to sweep the floor.我还需要两名学生打扫地板。我还需要两名学生打扫地板。I can finish reading two such books in two days.两天内这样的书我能读两本。两天内这样
19、的书我能读两本。二、序数词二、序数词1序序数数词词前前面面要要加加定定冠冠词词the。但但也也可可以以在在前前面面用用不不定定冠冠词词,表示表示“又一,再一又一,再一”。Try a second time and youll succeed.再试一次你就会成功。再试一次你就会成功。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)2基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前。基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前。the first three pages of the book这本书的前三页这本书的前三页3序序数数词词之之前前已已有有物物主主代代词词、指指示示代代词词或或名名词词所所有
20、有格格修修饰饰时,不用定冠词。时,不用定冠词。his second trip;this book is mine三、数词的用法三、数词的用法1表达编号表达编号编编号号可可用用序序数数词词或或基基数数词词表表示示,序序数数词词位位于于名名词词之之前前,并并加加定冠词,基数词位于名词之后。一般情况下,用基数词较常见。定冠词,基数词位于名词之后。一般情况下,用基数词较常见。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)第第201房间:房间:Room 201,Room No.201或或the No.201 Room46路公共汽车:路公共汽车:Bus 46,Bus No.46或或the N
21、o.46 Bus2表达年、月、日、年龄、时刻表达年、月、日、年龄、时刻2010年年11月月25日日:November 25(th),2010或或25(th)November,2010,读读 作作 November(the)twentyfifth,two thousand and ten。在在20世纪世纪90年代:年代:in the 1990s或或in the 1990s在在7岁时:岁时:at the age of seven或或at seven上午上午8点:点:(at)eight am./(at)8:00 am.新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)3表示分数、小数、百分数表示分数、小数、百分数46%:fortysix percent0.4:zero(或或naught)point four4“分分数数(百百分分数数)of名名词词”作作主主语语时时,谓谓语语动动词词的的形形式式根根据名词确定。据名词确定。Twothirds of the students are from America.三分之二的学生来自美国。三分之二的学生来自美国。One third of the pear is eaten.这个梨的三分之一被吃掉了。这个梨的三分之一被吃掉了。新新课标课标高考高考总总复复习习英英语语(配外研版配外研版)5dozen与与score
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