雅思阅读-list-of-heading.ppt

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1、IELTS Research&Development CentreWuhan Branch,Global IELTS,Global English雅思阅读第二讲雅思阅读第二讲List of headings题例：剑44Tipsonlistofheadings题目出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做每个标题只用一次标题多于选项，拿不准一个选项先标上多个标题，有空再细看示例中已经选过的段落直接划掉不看，节约时间英文文章结构学术类多为议论说明文多常采用线条清晰而简单的文章结构：l总分式：开头论点论据或说明结尾重申lTopicsentencelsupportingideas,exampleslRepiti

2、tion/suggestionlLocationoftopicsentence:80%首句，15%末句，5%左右在中间）实例：主题句与支持句Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel

3、-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservedbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentence:Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbette

4、rinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.解题步骤解题步骤The 1st,2nd&the Last SentencesTopic SentenceMost suitable HeadingKey words of Headings推理具体内容推理具体内容解题侧重点解题侧重点选项着手:l抓住每个heading中的KEYWORDS文章着手:l抓住文章每段的主题句l无主题句者，需要你从共性的东西中总结推断，可重点关注段落中的重复字眼注意改写现象Headings是原文主

5、题的浓缩改写文章中更具体，选项更概括,更抽象Headings中的关键词可能在原文中会以改写的方式出现主题句非固定特征主题句非固定特征主题句（需要你细读）1.包含性最强的句子2.转折、递进式的句子a.But/however等之后的句子b.Although,inspiteof,despite的主句3.表结论、推断等sbbelieve/hold/imply/suggest等引导的宾从4.表定义AisdefinedasAisknownasAisNamely/ThatisThisis非主题句特征非主题句特征非主题句（需要略过）1.举例2.包含细节的句子3.问句4.从句主题句的常规特征Feature:l1

6、.某特定单词反复出现l2.以指代词形式出现l3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现1.某特定单词反复出现Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.plantsPlantsplants2.以指代词形式出现Tropi

7、calfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.Tropicalfisharebecomingincr

8、easinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.3.以同义词/近义词/同类词形式出现SydneyishometothestateArtGaller

9、yofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.SydneyishometothestateArtGall

10、eryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.特例：notopicsentence某些段落主题句不明

11、显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们所属的类别。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensilsHintsfromwordsintheheadings1.wordssigni

12、fyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage1.wordssignifyingthebeginning（1）名词+of+文章主标题concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,whatis+文章主标题（2）动词+文章主标题define,justify（3）形容词+名词+of+文章主标题ba

13、sic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elementsof+topic2.wordssignifyingtheendingeffect(affect),impact,consequenceresult,generalization(概括),conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipationprospect/vision(前景)+文章的TOPICExercisesonheadingPleaseidentifythebestheadingforeachparagraphaccordingtowhatyouread.无主题句，都是细节主题句为第一句 A is 首句非主题句，此段中心只能推断，根据句子间的逻辑关系Practice1Answer:ivAnswer:iAnswer:iiiAnswer:vPractice2Answer:iiiAnswer:iAnswer:ivAnswer:viPractice3-C7T2P3Answer:viAnswer:iiAnswer:vAnswer:xAnswer:i