Unit 9 分译法与合译法.ppt

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1、Unit 9n分分译法译法(Division)n合译法合译法(Combination)试译以下句子试译以下句子:1.He,notsurprisingly,didnotcomeatall.1.He,notsurprisingly,didnotcomeatall.2.Heishonest.Heisstraightforward.2.Heishonest.Heisstraightforward.3.Aboutonehundredelements,twothirdsofwhichare3.Aboutonehundredelements,twothirdsofwhicharemetals,havebee

2、nfound.metals,havebeenfound.4.Hedidnotrememberhisfather,whodiedwhenhewas4.Hedidnotrememberhisfather,whodiedwhenhewasonlythreeyearsold.onlythreeyearsold.5.Wetriedinvaintopersuadehimtogiveuphiswrong5.Wetriedinvaintopersuadehimtogiveuphiswrongbelief.belief.6.IsthereanyproblemImentionedthatyoudont6.Isth

3、ereanyproblemImentionedthatyoudontunderstand?understand?1.He,1.He,notsurprisinglynotsurprisingly,didnotcomeatall.,didnotcomeatall.n n他根本就没来他根本就没来，这是不足为奇的。，这是不足为奇的。2.Heishonest.Heisstraightforward.2.Heishonest.Heisstraightforward.n n他为人纯朴而坦诚。他为人纯朴而坦诚。3.Aboutonehundredelements,3.Aboutonehundredelement

4、s,twothirdsofwhicharemetals,twothirdsofwhicharemetals,havebeenfoundhavebeenfound.n n已经发现已经发现100100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。种元素，其中三分之二是金属。4.Hedidnotrememberhisfather,4.Hedidnotrememberhisfather,whodiedwhenhewasonlywhodiedwhenhewasonlythreeyearsoldthreeyearsold.n n他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。5.Wetr

5、ied5.Wetriedinvaininvaintopersuadehimtogiveuphiswrongbelief.topersuadehimtogiveuphiswrongbelief.n n我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功没有成功。6.Isthereanyproblem6.IsthereanyproblemImentionedImentioned thatyoudontunderstandthatyoudontunderstand?n n我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？Matter has certain

6、features or properties that enable us to Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.recognize it easily.物质具有一定的物质具有一定的物质具有一定的物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的能使我们容易识别它们的能使我们容易识别它们的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。特征。特征。特征。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别

7、它们。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。I put on my clothes by the light of I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just settinga half-moon just setting,where rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed.where rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed.我趁着我趁着我趁着我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮光正要落下去的半个月亮光

8、正要落下去的半个月亮光正要落下去的半个月亮光穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的窗子照射了进来。窗子照射了进来。窗子照射了进来。窗子照射了进来。半轮残月渐渐西坠半轮残月渐渐西坠半轮残月渐渐西坠半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。Immediately,the bandit opened fire,kil

9、ling four workers and Immediately,the bandit opened fire,killing four workers and injuring the fifth injuring the fifth who later died of his woundswho later died of his wounds.刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于枪伤后来死于枪伤后来死于枪伤后来死于枪伤的的的的第五个人。第五个人。第

10、五个人。第五个人。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。这名这名这名这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去工人后来也因伤势过重而死去工人后来也因伤势过重而死去工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。分译法与合译法分译法与合译法n n英语英语重形合重形合，而汉语则，而汉语则重意合重意合，这种截然不同，这种截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要谨记的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要谨记这种差异，化繁为简，化长为短，化整为零。这种差异，化繁为简，化长为

11、短，化整为零。n n一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一般比一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一般比较较短。英语的后置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的短。英语的后置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。n n因此，在很多情况下因此，在很多情况下，英语长句的翻译通常采，英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分译成用分译法分译成几个短句几个短句，原，原封不动地对原文封不动地对原文中的长句进行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费中的长句进行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费解。解。吉尼斯世界记录是属于美国著名作家乔伊斯(James Joyce)的名著尤利西斯(Ulysses)，被称为一部二十世

12、纪最伟大的英语小说。这本书英文版的第十八章全章只有两个标点符号，在第四句和第八句结尾的句号。如果按八句算，那么最长的句子有4391个词。如果按两句算，那么最长的句子有12931个词。英国作家Jonathan Coe在2001年出版的小说腐烂者俱乐部(The Rotters Club)，书中有一句话有13955个词。n n一本英文合同解读的书，书里为了论述英文法律中的句子是多么地冗一本英文合同解读的书，书里为了论述英文法律中的句子是多么地冗长和繁琐，列举了以下的例句长和繁琐，列举了以下的例句n n In the event that the Purchaser defaults in the p

13、ayment of any installment of purchase price,In the event that the Purchaser defaults in the payment of any installment of purchase price,taxes,insurance,interest,or the annual charge described elsewhere herein,or shall default in the taxes,insurance,interest,or the annual charge described elsewhere

14、herein,or shall default in the performance of any other obligations set forth in this Contract,the Seller may:at his option:(a)performance of any other obligations set forth in this Contract,the Seller may:at his option:(a)Declare immediately due and payable the entire unpaid balance of purchase pri

15、ce,with accrued Declare immediately due and payable the entire unpaid balance of purchase price,with accrued interest,taxes and annual charge,and demand full payment thereof,and enforce conveyance of interest,taxes and annual charge,and demand full payment thereof,and enforce conveyance of the land

16、by termination of the contract or according to the terms hereof,in which case the the land by termination of the contract or according to the terms hereof,in which case the Purchaser shall also be liable to the Seller for reasonable attorneys fees for services rendered by Purchaser shall also be lia

17、ble to the Seller for reasonable attorneys fees for services rendered by any attorney on behalf of the Seller,or(b)sell said land and premises or any part thereof at public any attorney on behalf of the Seller,or(b)sell said land and premises or any part thereof at public auction,in such manner,at s

18、uch time and place,upon such terms and conditions,and upon such auction,in such manner,at such time and place,upon such terms and conditions,and upon such public notice as the Seller may deem best for the interest of all concerned,consisting of public notice as the Seller may deem best for the inter

19、est of all concerned,consisting of advertisement in a newspaper of general circulation in the county or city in which the security advertisement in a newspaper of general circulation in the county or city in which the security property is located at least once a week for Three successive weeks of fo

20、r such period as property is located at least once a week for Three successive weeks of for such period as applicable law may require and,in case of default of any purchase,to re-sell with such applicable law may require and,in case of default of any purchase,to re-sell with such postponement of sal

21、e or resale and upon such public notice thereof as the Seller may determine,postponement of sale or resale and upon such public notice thereof as the Seller may determine,and upon compliance by the Purchaser with the terms of sale,and upon judicial approval as may and upon compliance by the Purchase

22、r with the terms of sale,and upon judicial approval as may be required by law,convey said land and premises in fee simple to and at the cost of the be required by law,convey said land and premises in fee simple to and at the cost of the Purchaser,who shall not be liable to see to the application of

23、the purchase money;and from the Purchaser,who shall not be liable to see to the application of the purchase money;and from the proceeds of the sale:FIRST,to pay all proper costs and charges,including but not limited to court proceeds of the sale:FIRST,to pay all proper costs and charges,including bu

24、t not limited to court costs,advertising expenses,auctioneera allowance,the expenses,if any required to correct an costs,advertising expenses,auctioneera allowance,the expenses,if any required to correct an irregularity in the title,premium for Sellers bond,auditors fee,and all other expense of sale

25、 irregularity in the title,premium for Sellers bond,auditors fee,and all other expense of sale occurred in and about the protection and execution of this contract,and all moneys advanced for occurred in and about the protection and execution of this contract,and all moneys advanced for taxes,assessm

26、ent,insurance,and with interest thereon as provided herein,and all taxes due upon taxes,assessment,insurance,and with interest thereon as provided herein,and all taxes due upon said land and premises at time of sale,and to retain as compensation a commission of five said land and premises at time of

27、 sale,and to retain as compensation a commission of five percent(5%)on the amount of said sale or said sales;SECOND,to pay the whole amount then percent(5%)on the amount of said sale or said sales;SECOND,to pay the whole amount then remaining unpaid of the principal of said contract,and interest the

28、reon to date of payment,remaining unpaid of the principal of said contract,and interest thereon to date of payment,whether the same shall be due or not,it being understood and agreed that upon such sale before whether the same shall be due or not,it being understood and agreed that upon such sale be

29、fore maturity of the contract the balance thereof shall be immediately due and payable;THIRD,to pay maturity of the contract the balance thereof shall be immediately due and payable;THIRD,to pay liens f record against the security property according to there priority of lien and to the extent that l

30、iens f record against the security property according to there priority of lien and to the extent that funds remaining in the hands of the Seller are available;and LAST,to pay the remainder of said funds remaining in the hands of the Seller are available;and LAST,to pay the remainder of said proceed

31、s,if any,to the vendor,his heirs,personals representatives,successors of assigns upon proceeds,if any,to the vendor,his heirs,personals representatives,successors of assigns upon the delivery and surrender to the vendee of possession of the land and premises,less costs and the delivery and surrender

32、 to the vendee of possession of the land and premises,less costs and excess of obtaining possession.excess of obtaining possession.n n这个句子，仅一个句号，共计这个句子，仅一个句号，共计515515个单词。个单词。分句法是指为了符合汉语表达习惯,也为了更清楚地表达原文意思，在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。合句法正好相反，是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，用一个单句来表达，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。n

33、 n1.把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，使原文的一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。n nA.副词 n n1）Illogically,shehadexpectedsomekindofmiraclesolution.n n她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。n n2)They,notunexpectedly,didnotrespond.n n他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。n n3)Theoretically,thisisamarvelouspieceofscientificwriting.n n从理论上看，那是一篇了不起的科学论文。n n4)TheChineseseemed ju

34、stifiablyproudoftheirachievementsinaviationindustry.n n中国似乎为他们在航天事业上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。n5)The city segregation law had understandably aroused a civil right movement that spread from coast to coast.n城市隔离法引起美国全国范围内的民权运动，这是可以理解的。n6)He is an active student,but he wasuncharacteristicallylistlessinclasstoda

35、y.n这个学生很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却无精打采，异乎寻常。n7）ThoseChinesescientistsinSiliconValleyareunderstandably proudoftheirachievements.n 这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到自豪，这可以理解。nB.形容词：n1）Thatregionwasthemostidentifiabletroublespot.n那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。n n2）She had such a kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous heartthatshewaslov

36、edandrespectedbyherstudents.n n她心地善良，性格温柔，乐观大方，深受学生们的爱戴。n n3）The number of the young people in theUnited States who cannot read is incredible-aboutoneinfour.n n大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。n nC.C.名词名词n n1)Much of the historical splendor of China strains 1)Much of the historical splendor of China st

37、rains the imagination of Western people:the imagination of Western people:its expanse,its its expanse,its cultural diversity,the length of its historycultural diversity,the length of its history,the,the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago beautiful objects produced thousands of years a

38、go with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.n n中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊叹不已。至今还令专家们惊叹不已。n2）He shook his head and h

39、is eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.n他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出愤怒的神色。n n2.把短语分译成句子。nA.分词短语n1)He had to quit the position and went into exile,having been deprived of his power.n他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。n2)The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.n那孩子叫了一声，伸开两臂，跑了过去。B.名词短语nTh

40、e mayor has to flatter Mr.White,the director of the supervision committee.n市长不得不吹捧怀特先生，他是督导委员会的主任。n nC.C.前置词短语前置词短语n nIn August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,bound for my Moscow home but not in haste,since my husband had died in the war,I came to Yanan.n n1946年8月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已经在战争中

41、牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。n n3.把句子拆开：n n1 1）Strange enough they were the same age to Strange enough they were the same age to the day.the day.n n真是奇怪，他们年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。真是奇怪，他们年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。n n2 2）She She had had made made several several attempts attempts to to help help them find other rental quarters wi

42、thout success.them find other rental quarters without success.n n她她已已经经试试了了好好几几次次，要要帮帮他他们们找找一一所所出出租租的的房房子子，结果没有成功。结果没有成功。n n4.把分句拆开：有些句子是由主句和从句构成的，此时，可以把定语从句拆开。nElizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.nElizabeth

43、 不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，非常令人反感。n（定语从句翻译成另外一句）合句法合句法：n n1词的合译n n1)You will supply financial power,and well supply man power.Isnt that fair and square?n n你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？n n2)His father is a man who forgives and forgets.n n他的父亲非常宽容。n n3)Her son was wise and clever,but her daughter was silly and fo

44、olish.n n她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。n4)He suffered aches and pains.n他遭受百般疼痛。n5)He is a man of culture and learning.n他是个很有学问的人。n6)I hate all these hustle and bustle.n我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。2.把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成一个句子。n1)The young man was very miserable.He had no money about him.All his savings had been stolen.n这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的

45、地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。n2)That day,the President had an interview with his father.His father was going to the moon by space shuttle.n那天，总统会见了他的父亲，他的父亲将乘航天飞机去登月。n3)He was clean.His mind was open.n他为人单纯而坦率。3.复合句的翻译n1)When I negotiate,I get nervous.When I get nervous,I eat.n我谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。n2)When we pra

46、ise the Chinese leadership and the people,we are not merely being polite.n我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。n3)In 1844 Engels met Marx,and they became friends.n1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。n4)It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.n八月中旬，维修人员在烈日下工作。nExercises:n1.But,occasionally,t

47、hroughhasteandcarelessness,mistakesweremade,sothatattheendofthebusinessdayonetellerwouldbeshortoncash,theotherlong.n但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会少了现金，而有的会多了。n n2.The room is 2.The room is cozy and comfortable.cozy and comfortable.n n这个房间非常舒适。这个房间非常舒适。n n3.She went back home to take c

48、are of her 3.She went back home to take care of her husband.He was seriously ill.husband.He was seriously ill.n n她回家照料她病重的丈夫。她回家照料她病重的丈夫。n n4.They sat down in the waiting-room to do some 4.They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading.People came to and fro there.reading.People came to and fr

49、o there.n n他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。n n5.They tried to stamp out the revolt,which spread 5.They tried to stamp out the revolt,which spread more furiously throughout the country.more furiously throughout the country.n n他们企图扑灭反抗，结果他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。6.6.ItscertainItscertainth

50、atmanwilleventuallysolvetheriddleofUFO.thatmanwilleventuallysolvetheriddleofUFO.人类最终一定会解开人类最终一定会解开UFOUFO之迷，之迷，这一点是可以肯定的这一点是可以肯定的。7.Energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,7.Energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,auniversallyauniversallyacceptedlawacceptedlaw.能量既不能创造也不能消灭能量既不能创造也不能消灭,这是公认的法则。这是公认的法则。8.T