Ergonomics人机工程学课件.ppt

《Ergonomics人机工程学课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Ergonomics人机工程学课件.ppt（20页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Ergonomics 人因工程人因工程Making the job fit the worker让工作更适合工人(人性化)Ergonomics looks at:Work station 工站Tools 工具Motions 动作Physical condition 物理(体格)状况Physical limitations 受限Environment 环境1Musculoskeletal disorders肌肉骨骼疾病肌肉骨骼疾病(缩写为缩写为MSDs)Musculoskeletal disorders=MSDs2aMSD symptoms 症状症状Dull,aching sensation 迟

2、钝或疼痛Discomfort with movements 活动不适Tenderness to the touch 敏感Burning sensation 灼热感Pain 痛苦Tingling 刺痛Cramping 痉挛Stiffness 僵硬2bCommon MSDs 常见损伤常见损伤Tendinitis 肌腱炎Tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎Trigger finger 扳机指Raynauds syndrome 雷诺综合症De Quervains disease 迪魁文氏症Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症2cWorkplace risk factors 危害因素危

3、害因素Repetitive motions 重复运动Fixed/awkward postures 单调动作Vibration 震动Force 强迫Twisting/bending 扭曲Elevation of elbows 举高Lifting 搬运3aWorkplace risk factorsInappropriate tools 不合适工具Continuous contact 连续接触Restricted clearance 受限空间Improper seating/support 不合适座位、支撑Bad body mechanics 不当受力Inadjustable equipment

4、不合适装备3bIdentify risk factors 识别危害因素识别危害因素Management/employee involvement管理、员工参与Audit work stations检查工站Audit procedures 调整改善4aEngineering controls 工程控制工程控制Preferred method更好方法Work station design 工站设计Tool design工具设计Equipment design 装备设计5aWork station design 工站设计工站设计Provide adequate:充足的Work space 工作空间W

5、ork height 工作高度Support 支撑Storage space 储存空间Machine controls 机器控制6aWork station designReduce static loading 减少荷载 Raise/lower working height 工作高度Remove hard/sharp edges 去除硬尖角Provide mechanical advantages提供机械支持Insulate heat/cold保证温度7aWork station redesignProvide seating/support提供座椅/支撑Improve material o

6、rientation改善材料性能Improve layout改善布局7bTool selection should minimize:工具选择要减少工具选择要减少:Awkward,bent grip 不适感Vibration振动Excessive grip strength过多握力Awkward positions to exert force不利发力Repetitive motions重复运动8aAdministrative controls管理控制管理控制Job rotation工作轮换Shift length调班长度Overtime management加班管理Rest breaks休息

7、Production rates工作强度9aWork practice controlsUse proper techniques运用合适技术Avoid unnecessary steps避免不必要的环节Job training工作培训Exercise/conditioning练习/调节10aMedical management职业健康管职业健康管理理Early reporting&treatment提早报告和处理Symptoms survey临床监测Medical treatment治疗Recordkeeping记录11aBack disorders背部问题背部问题Sprains扭伤Stra

8、ins疲劳Ruptured/slipped disks椎间盘突出Muscle spasms肌肉痉挛12aBack pain factors背痛诱因背痛诱因Improper posture不正确姿势Poor physical condition体格欠佳Improper lifting不正确搬运12bProper liftingSize up the loadBend your kneesDo not twistClear pathLower slowlyPush carts/dollies12cSummaryDefine ergonomicsMSDsRisk factorsControlsMedical managementProper lifting13a