人教版'高级中学英语必修4重点词汇.短语.句型.语法资料大全.doc

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1、人人教教版版高高中中英英语语必必修修 4重重点点词词汇汇、短短语语、句句型型、语语法法 大大全全Unit1 Women of achievement【重点词汇、短语 】1. human beings 人类2. campaign 运动，战役3. behave 行为4. shade 阴凉处5. move off 离开，启程6. observe 观察7. respect 尊重8. argue 讨论，辩论9. lead a.life 过着的生活10. crowd in 涌入脑海11. support 支持12. look down upon/on 看不起13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及14.

2、 by chance 碰巧15. come across 偶遇16. intend 计划，打算17. deliver 提送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演说）18. carry on 继续，坚持【重点句型】1. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。 work out 解决、解答

3、、计算出；产生结果、发展；锻炼；作出、制订出2. She is leading a busy life but she says 她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说 lead a life = live a life 过的生活3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。 look down upon / on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起You mustnt look down upon/ on the disabled.你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。4. If the word group refers to different members, use a

4、 plural verb.如果 group（作主语）指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。 refer to 指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考5. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in womens diseases.很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。 by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地6. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry o

5、n her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？ carry on 继续；坚持【语法总结】主谓一致（点击“主谓一致”即可查看全部内容）Unit 2 Working the land【重点词汇、短语 】1. struggle 斗争2. expand 使变大，伸展3. thanks to 幸亏，由于4. rid 摆脱5. ridof 摆脱，除去6. be satisfied with 对感到满意7. would rather 宁愿8. therefore 因此9. export 出口10. regret 后悔，遗憾11. build up 逐渐增加，建立，开发1

6、2. lead to 导致13. focus on 集中与14. reduce 减少15. keep.free from/of 使免受影响16. comment 评论，议论【重点句型】1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎么种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种植什么植物？ If so 为省略句式，意为 “如果是这样的话 ”，if 用作连词，

7、so 用来代替上文的内容，以避免重复。 If not 意为“如果不是这样的话，否则，要不然 ”，意义与 If so 相反。2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974 年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。不定式放在表示次序的词如 the first, the last 以及 the only, the very, the right, the best 等词后面作定语 ,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。3.

8、Using his hybrid rice, framers are producing harvest twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻， 农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。“times as+形容词/副词的原级 + as”为常见的倍数表达法，意为 “是的几倍”。This room is three times as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。知识拓展英语中常见的倍数表达法还有：This room is twice bigger than that one.= This room is three times the size o

9、f that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。The output of TV sets in our factory is 15 times that of ten years ago.= The output is 15 times what it was ten years ago.我们厂电视机的产量是 10 年前的 15 倍。【语法总结】动名词动词的 ing 形式如果是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义基本形式： doing （表示主动）被动式：being done（表示被动）完成式：having

10、 done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式： having been done（表示被动和完成） 例如：Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy 和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知

11、道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。二. 动名词的语法功能动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。 I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。His job is driving a bus.（

12、作表语）他的工作是开车。 The washing mashine woks well.（作定语）这台洗衣机非常好用。三. 注意事项1. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28 个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit 2. 既可接不定式

13、也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8 个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 cant help to d

14、o sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情3. it 做形式主语，动名词做真正主语位于句末的重要句型It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doingIt is no good / not much good doing It is no worthwhile doing It is a waste

15、of time doingUnit 3 A taste of English humor【重点词汇、短语 】1. up to now 直到现在2. content 满足的，满意的3. feel/be content with 对满足4. badly off 穷的，缺少的5. entertain 使欢乐，款待6. overcome 战胜，克服7. pick out 挑出，辨别出8. cut off 切断，断绝9. convince 使信服10. direct 导演，指挥；直接的11. star in 担任主角12. slide 使滑动13. whisper 耳语，低语14. react 做出反应

16、，回应【重点句型】1. Not that Charlies own life was easy!倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。 not that“并非，倒不是说 ”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你会觉得震惊，卓别林则会讲话的时候就被教唱歌，刚会走路的时候就学跳舞。 此句中 it 作形式宾语， that 从句是真正的主语； astonishin

17、g 是动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成主谓关系。3. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off不幸地是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭的状况更糟了 本句中 leaving the family even worse off为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。【语法总结】现在分词一. 现在分词的四种形式及其意义基本形式： doing （表示主动和进行）被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式： having been done（表示被

18、动和完成） He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。Having been told many times，she still cant remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。二. 现在分词的语法功能现在分词在句中可以做表语、定语、状语和补语等。The story is interest

19、ing.这个故事有趣。He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。Unit4 Body language【重点词汇、短语 】1. represent 代表，象征2. approach 接近，靠近3. defend 保护，保卫4. defend against 保卫以免受5.

20、likely 可能的6. be likely to 很可能7. in general 总的来说，通常8. ease 安逸，减轻9. at ease 舒适，自由自在10. lose face 丢脸11. turn ones back to 背对，背弃【重点句型】1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼 家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚史密斯。 句中 closely followed by是

21、过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不一样。 本句中 not all“并不是所有的 ”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如 all, both,

22、every, everything, entirely, completely 等，与 not 连用时， 无论 not 在它们前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为 “并非所有都”，“并非每一都”。3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。 句中 ways 后面跟的是 in which 引导的定语从句。当先行词是 way 时，后面的定语从句如果缺少方式状语，引导定语从句的引导词有三种方式：in which,

23、 that 或不用任何引导词。【语法总结】动词 ing 形式（详见第三和第四单元语法总结）Unit5 Theme parks【重点词汇、短语 】1. be famous for 以闻名2. swing 秋千，摇摆3. no wonder 难怪，不足为奇4. preserve 保存，保留，保护区5. be modeled after 仿造6. advance 前进，促进7. in advance 提前8. get close to 接近9. come to life 活跃起来【重点句型】1. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or long

24、est roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.有些主题公园拥有最大或最长的过山车而出名，另外一些则以拥有名胜或特色文化而闻名。此句中含 some.others“有些有些”句型，同时用了承上省略的语法方式。2. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship o

25、r meeting your favorite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼都会把你带到魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变为现实。句中 whetheror的含义是“无论是还是；不管是还是”，引导让步状语从句。3. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago.你可以光顾糖果店，在那里品尝到和150 年前美国南方人制作得一模一样的糖果。句中 the same that 意为“和一样的”，表示前后的事物为同一事物。辨析：the samethat/the sameasthe same as 用来表示前后两者的相同或相似，而非同一物品；而the samethat 表示前后的事物为同一事物。I want to buy the same dress as you have. 我想买一条和你的一样的裙子。I want to read the same book that you read. 我想看你看过的书。