教育专题：Grammar不定式.ppt

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1、不定式不定式不定式是动词的一种不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式非谓语形式，由，由 to 加动词原形构成加动词原形构成(to+do)，有时，有时可可不带不带 to。它虽然在句中不作谓语，但它虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍具有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾仍具有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语，可以有状语修饰，不定式和它自语，可以有状语修饰，不定式和它自己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不定式还可以有自己的逻辑主语，由介定式还可以有自己的逻辑主语，由介词词 for 或或 of 构成不定式的复合结构。构成不定式的复合结构。不定式和不定式短语在句中不定式和不定式短语在句中作主语、作主语、表语

2、、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。语等。一、不定式的形式一、不定式的形式不定式的形式有一般式、进行式、完成式、不定式的形式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式之分，也有主动和被动之分。完成进行式之分，也有主动和被动之分。以动词以动词 do 为例：为例：主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式to doto be done进行式进行式to be doing完成式完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing1、不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作发生、不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作

3、之后，或与谓语动词所在谓语动词的动作之后，或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。表示的动作同时发生。eg:The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.I was glad to see you.2、不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓、不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同步发生。语动词的动作同步发生。eg:The two cheats pretended to be working harder than before.3、不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓、不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。语动词的动作之前发生。eg:I wa

4、s glad to have received your letter.但是，如动词不定式的完成式用于但是，如动词不定式的完成式用于 be,plan,intend,wish,hope,mean 等动词的过去式之等动词的过去式之后，则表示本想做而事实上并没有做的事情。后，则表示本想做而事实上并没有做的事情。eg:I wished to have come to help you,but I was too busy.二、不定式的用法二、不定式的用法1、作主语、作主语不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，构成把不定式放在后面，构成 It is

5、/was+adj./n.+for/of sb.+to do sth.结构。结构。eg:To smoke is a bad habit.It is not easy for us to finish this task in time.2、作表语、作表语不定式作表语时，经常放在连系不定式作表语时，经常放在连系动词后。如果主语部分有动词动词后。如果主语部分有动词 do，则不定式前的则不定式前的 to 常省略。常省略。eg:The greatest happiness is to study and work for the happiness of all.We arent allowed to

6、stop him.All we could do was watch him.3、作宾语、作宾语（1）谓语动词）谓语动词+不定式不定式常跟常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,wish,expect,afford,agree,ask,beg,choose,care,dare,fail,decide,manage,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse 等。等。eg:He refused to give him the answer.He pretended not to see me when he passed by me.（2）形容词）形

7、容词+不定式不定式常跟常跟不定式的形容词有：不定式的形容词有：afraid,able,anxious,eager,careful,determined,foolish,ready,slow,willing,glad,sure 等。等。eg:I am glad to see you.The students are anxious to know the results of the examination.（3）谓语动词）谓语动词+疑问词（含疑问词（含 whether）+不不定式定式常常跟跟“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”作宾语的动词有：作宾语的动词有：ask,tell,decide,consi

8、der,discover,discuss,find out,explain,forget,show,learn,know,remember,wonder,understand,think 等。等。eg:I dont know what to do next.They havent decided when to start.4、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语（1）谓语动词）谓语动词+宾语宾语+带带 to 的不定式的不定式常跟常跟带带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,beg,advise,allow,cause,force,get,intend,order,

9、invite,permit,persuade,tell,expect,want,warn,request,help,remind,hate 等。等。eg:Would you like me to help you?I persuaded him to give up smoking.（2）谓语动词）谓语动词+宾语宾语+不带不带 to 的不定式的不定式常跟不带常跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：有：let,have,make,hear,see,watch,listen to,observe,notice,feel,look at 等。等。eg:They mad

10、e the boy go to bed early.He had me wash clothes for him.5、作定语、作定语eg:Boys and girls,I have something to tell you.The new film to be on next week is Oliver Twist.注意：不定式作定语常后置，与它做修饰的注意：不定式作定语常后置，与它做修饰的词可为主谓关系，也可为动宾关系。如果作词可为主谓关系，也可为动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，要加上适当的定语的不定式是不及物动词，要加上适当的介词。介词。eg:Give me some pap

11、er to write on.There is nothing to worry about.在在 first,second,last,only,best 等词后常用等词后常用不定式作定语。不定式作定语。eg:He was always the first to come and the last to leave the office.6、作状语、作状语不定式作状语可表示目的、原因、结果、程不定式作状语可表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。作目的状语时常用于度等。作目的状语时常用于 in order to,so as to 结构；作结果状语时用于结构；作结果状语时用于 so/such as to

12、结构；作程度状语时用于结构；作程度状语时用于 enough to 和和 too to 结构。结构。eg:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.He jumped with joy to hear the exciting news.She was too young to understand this.7、作复合谓语的一部分、作复合谓语的一部分（1）用于）用于“be said/reported/known 等等+不定式不定式”结构。结构

13、。eg:He is said to be one of the best students in our school.（2）用于）用于“seem/appear/prove 等等+不不定式定式”结构。结构。eg:He seems to be ill.（3）用于）用于“be likely/certain/sure+不定不定式式”结构。结构。eg:We are sure to win the game.三、不定式的复合结构三、不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构是指带有逻辑主语的不定不定式的复合结构是指带有逻辑主语的不定式，其形式有以下两种：式，其形式有以下两种：1、for sb.to do sth.

14、（侧重动作）侧重动作）2、of sb.to do sth.(侧重对逻辑主语品行的侧重对逻辑主语品行的评价）评价）eg:It is difficult for me to get there on time.Its very kind of you to say so.1.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking2.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.

15、to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented 3.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride,ride B.riding,ride C.ride,to ride D.to ride,riding 4.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play5.Paul doesnt have to be ma

16、de _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning6.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met 7.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done

17、8.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not to it D.do not to9.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating 10.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hour

18、s to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone11.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying 12.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not

19、to make C.not making D.do not make13._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept14.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing 15.Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?_

20、 enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting16.A computer does only what thinking people _.A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done17.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telli

21、ng D.to have been told 蛋白质和营养蛋白质和营养汉译汉译英英1,我将收音机音量开大以便大家都听得我将收音机音量开大以便大家都听得 见。见。2、我有很多作业做。、我有很多作业做。1.I turned on the radio to make everyone hear.2.I have a lot of homework to do.3、不是他而是我们需要一间更舒适的、不是他而是我们需要一间更舒适的 房间。房间。4、听到那则好消息很令人高兴。、听到那则好消息很令人高兴。5、作为学生，我们应遵守学校的规定。、作为学生，我们应遵守学校的规定。3.Not he but we ne

22、ed a more comfortable room.4.Its happy to hear the good news.5.As students,we should follow the rules of the school.1.I turned on the radio to make everyone hear.2.I have a lot of homework to do.3.Not he but we need a more comfortable room.4.Its happy to hear the good news.5.As students,we should follow the rules of the school.