教育专题：状语从句精讲.ppt

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1、定义定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。饰谓语或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。从句的关键。状语从句的位置状语从句的位置比较灵活，有时可以放于比较灵活，有时可以放于句首句首，有时可以置于，有时可以置于句末句末。状语从句。状语从句位于位于句首时句首时，其后，其后常用逗号常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。与后面的句子隔开。状语从句状语从句可以根据其可以根据其用途用途分为：分为：时间时间状语从句、状语从句、地点地点状语从句、状语从句、原因原因状语状语从句、

2、从句、结果结果状语从句、状语从句、目的目的状语从句、状语从句、条条件件状语从句、状语从句、让步让步状语从句、状语从句、比较比较状语从状语从句、句、方式方式状语从句。状语从句。1.While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place.()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand

3、me.()5.So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.()时间时间地点地点原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式状语从句的分类状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句：时间

4、状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,the moment,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as 等。等。请注意请注意 when,while,as 的区别的区别连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1.when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续可以是可延续也可以是表短暂性动作的动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性非延续性)。如如Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogotothese

5、ashore.2.可用作并列连词，其意义为可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时那时，这时”，相当于，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：。常用于下列句式：(刚要刚要这时突然这时突然)记忆记忆Sb.wasdoingsomethingwasabouttodosth+whenwasonthepointofdoingsth.hadjustdonesthI was walking along the street,when I met himIwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein.3.还可以表示原因还可以表示原因“既然既然”，相当于，相当于

6、since;consideringthat。如：。如：Why do you walk when you have a car?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？.1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在引导的动作必须是持续性的，在期间，期间，往往指一段时间。如：往往指一段时间。如：Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，侧重，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。主句动作和从句动作相对比。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwh

7、iletheyareplayingthefootball.3.while可表示尽管，相当于可表示尽管，相当于although。连接词连接词whilewhile的用法小结的用法小结 while 含义：While I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(while=_)While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)While

8、 there is life there is hope.(while=_)whenalthoughas long as but连接词连接词when,while,as的用法区别的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的必须是可延续的，而而when引引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：动词。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhenIstoppedmycar,aman

9、cameuptome.(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用when，不可用，不可用while)2表示表示“随着随着”，连词用，连词用as，不用，不用when或或while。如：。如：Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.3如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与与as可互换使用。如：可互换使用。如：When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icame

10、acrossanoldfriendofmine.4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as或或while。如如Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.（这个时候的这个时候的when=after）连接词before和since的小结：一、before含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights beforewe

11、saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.“才”“不到就”“趁”“还没来得及”二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.三1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如：It will be two years before

12、he leaves the country.2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“多久就”如：It wasnt two years before he left the country.since在it is/has been+段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class.It is three years since he lived here 她离开我们班有三年了。他不住这儿有三年了。比较it is three years since

13、I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I began to smoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了问题问题5:1.(03年北京年北京)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.A.untilB.when C.beforeD.as2.(06四川四川)Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after3.(05北京春北京春)Itisa

14、lmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.becauseC CA AB B考点考点:assoonas“一一就就”“刚刚.就就”我一到达上海就给你打电话。（时态）我一到达上海就给你打电话。（时态）时态要求时态要求I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.从句以一般现在时代替将来时从句以一般现在时代替将来时No sooner than-一一就就He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.No sooner ha

15、d he arrived than he went away again.no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenScarcely whentill,until和和notuntil：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所所 表示的时间，意为表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止止”。如：。如：We waited until he came.2用于否

16、定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句 为肯定，意为为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until

17、 you told me did I have any idea of it.1.It wasnt until nearly a month later _Ireceivedthemanagersreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2.It was nearly a month _I received the managers reply.3.It was nearly 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.4.It was nearly at 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.bef

18、orewhenthat考点考点:易混淆句型易混淆句型itis+时间时间+sincebeforewhenthatIt is five years _he finished hisresearch.It was five years _he finished hisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5oclock_hegothome.Itwasat5oclock_hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethatOnce you see him,you will never forget him.Once

19、 -一但一但就就 2.条件状语从句条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有引导状语从句的连接词有:If,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition thatIf-如果如果If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning,youd better get to bed now.Unless-如果不如果不,除非除非=if no

20、tWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight=We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.He will not join us unless he changes his mind.As long as-只要只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You cant play game

21、s as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.As(so)far as-据据所知所知As far as I know,he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know,he is an expert on DNA.In case-假使假使,如果如果 万一万一The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any d

22、ifficulty.Provided that 如果如果,有时省略有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.On condition that-条件是条件是He said that he would come to the meeting on conditi

23、on that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.注注:主从句的动作发生在将来主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时时，则主句用将来时,从句用从句用一般现在时。一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it w

24、as fine next day.3.地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere-在在地方地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands,there used to be some low,deserted houses.Where there is a will,there is a way.Wherever-无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever yo

25、u are,I will be right there waiting for you.在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。4.原因状语从句原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,和和

26、considering that,for,seeing that 这六个连词都用这六个连词都用于表示表示原因于表示表示原因,但在语气但在语气上一个比一个弱上一个比一个弱.Because-因为因为,通常从句放通常从句放在主句后在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.because 和和for的区别。的区别。for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用是并列连词，只

27、用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。表示原因时，可位于句首。【误误】For he did not obey the rules,he was punished.【正正】Because he did not obey the rules,he was punished.As-因为因为,通常放在句首通常放在句首As it is quite windy today,he decidesAs he is honest and modest,all his friends like him.Since-既然既然 因语气较弱因语气较弱,常译为既然常译为既

28、然Since everybody has come,we can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do,we can relax.Now that-既然既然Now that you are here,you can join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.considering that-顾及到顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a

29、 good job.seeing that-由于由于 Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided toput the meeting off.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,so that,sothatsuchthatSo that-太太以至于以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词后面应用形容词或副词,有时有时省略省略so只用只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight

30、scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.So that-因而，以便，为了因而，以便，为了 有时有时so 可以省去可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Such that-太太以至以至于于 用法与用法与sothat相同，但相同，但such 后面应用名词。后面

31、应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词引导目的状语从句的主要连词有有:that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lestLets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.(So)that-以便以便,从句中常常从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,shoul

32、d等等 in order that-为了为了,与与so that 相同从句中常常使用一相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that-生怕生怕;为了防为了防止止(某事发生某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.The instructor emphasized

33、 on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case -万一万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains.Lest-以防万一以防万一The man decided to tell his boss

34、 the fact lest he would be angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.7.比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：引导比较状语从句的连词有：Asas,not so(as)as,.than,the more the more.Asas-像像一样一样If you dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at the air

35、port as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.Not so(as)as-不像不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.than-比比怎么样，怎么样，用于

36、事物间的比较，用于事物间的比较，more 后后面用形容词或副词面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese onesA beautiful form is better than a beautiful face;a beautiful behavior(is)than a beautiful form.The mor

37、e,the more-越越 越越The more he listened to that song,the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of,the more respectable he is.必背：常见的比较句型。Hisfatheristwicedoubleasoldashe(is).Hisfatheristwotimesolderthanhe.他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。Ournewschoolisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。我们的新

38、学校比老学校大三倍。Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Ournewschoolisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。8.让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whetherAlthough,though-虽然虽然 although 和

39、和though 可以互换，可以互换，但但although 常放在句首。常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。可以用于倒装。Although it was raining,the plane managed to take off.Although it was not his fault,he took all the blame.Though he did his best,he didnt succeed.Child though he was,he did quite well.As-尽管尽管 as 引导让步状语引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though

40、 互换。互换。Busy as he is,he never misses a football match.Hard as she works,she makes little progress.Even if/even though-即使即使Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers,you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.Even though I might be wrong,I will go

41、my way.Even though his dean didnt mean it,he still felt embarrassed.However-不论，不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，句子引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.N o matter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）何时，何地，怎样）

42、The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever-不管不管Whatever other people may say,she wont change her mind.Whatever you do,it wont

43、affect our plan.While-尽管尽管While I have sympathy for you,I cant help you.While its none of my business,I will watch you.Whether-不管，常与不管，常与or not 连用连用Whether he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not,the department plans to adopt.9.方式状语从句方式状语从句 方

44、式状语从句常由方式状语从句常由:as,as if,as thoughas-与与 一样一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do.Leave things as they are.as if,as though-仿佛仿佛,由由as if或或 as though引导的从句中可引导的从句中可用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting forsomeone.1._ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success.A.If B.W

45、henever C.Unless D.Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the station.A.before B.that C.unless D.when3.Ill accept any job,_ I dont have to get up early.A.even though B.though C.in case D.as long as4._ problems you have,you can always come tome for help.A.What B.Whatever C.Whic

46、hever D.Which6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once7.If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.A.what B.how C.however D.whatever8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A.since

47、 B.so that C.as if D.unless9.John plays football _,if not better than,David.A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as10.-What was the party like?-Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.when C.before D.since11.Dont change your mind,_ happens to you.A.which B.what C.whichever D.w

48、hatever12._ he comes,we wont be able to go.A.Without B.Unless C.Except D.Even13.Nobody believed him _ what he said.A.even though B.even if C.no matter D.because14.I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out.A.when B.while C.as D.for15.Take your umbrella with you _ it rains.A.if B.as ifC.in case

49、 D.as long as16.No sooner _ entered the office _I heard the telephone ringing.A.had I,when B.I had,than C.had I,than D.I had,when17.I had hardly arrived _ he started crying to go home.A.as B.for C.when D.until18.It wont be long _ you regret what you said.A.since B.when C.before D.till19.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving20._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As