初一英语上册语法知识点总结.docx

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1、 初一英语上册语法知识点总结初一英语上册语法学问点总结 Unit 1 词汇重点： 1. Good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好 Good night 晚安(晚上告辞) 2. glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很快乐 (答复也一样) 3. welcome to + 地点 欢送来到 (答复：Thank you 或者Thanks) 4.lets + V(原) 让我们做 5. stand up 起立 sit down 坐下 6. this is- 这是 (用于介绍第三者的用语) 7. How do you do ?你好 (

2、答复也是：How do you do ? ) 8. How are you ? 你好吗? Fine ,thank you .and you ? 很好;感谢;你呢? Im OK / Im fine , too . 我也很好。 9.see you = see you later = see you soon = good-bye 再见 10.excuse me 打搅一下;请问 11.Im -= my name is - 我是 12. be from = come from 来自 13.in English 用英语 14.Can you spell it ? Yes / No 你能拼写它吗? 能/不

3、能 15.Thats OK / Thats all right / Youre welcome / Not at all 不用谢 16. years old 岁 17.telephone number 电话号码 number 号码 ID number 身份证 18.the same (一样的) 反义词是 different (不同的) 例: We are in the same grade, but we are in different classes. 重点句子句型： 1. What is your name ? 你的名字是什么? 2. Where +be + 主语 + from? 某人来

4、自于哪里?(答复：主语+be+地点) Where are you from? I am from quanzhou. 3. How old + be + 主语? 某人几岁? (答复： 主语 + be + 数字 ) 例： How old are you ? Im forteen. 4. What is your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少? (答复：My telephone number is-或者Its -)留意：读出号码的时候要逐个读出。 5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ? 某人在哪一个班级/年级? 例：what class

5、 are you in ? I am in Class Five. (留意：Class 和 Five需要大写) what grade are you in ? I am in Grade Seven.(留意：Glass 和 Seven需要大写) 6. Whats this/ that (in English) ? 这是什么? (答复：Its a/an + 单数名词. 这是) What re these/ those (in English) ? 这些是什么?(答复：Theyre + 复数名词 这些是) 7. How do you spell it ? 你怎么拼写它? E-R-A-S-E-R,

6、eraser. (留意拼读方法) Unit 2 1.sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官 = sbs 五官 is / are + adj (描述长相) 例：Lily has a small nose. = Lilys nose is small. 2.I know = I see 我明白了 3.Thats right 那是对的 4.look the same look like 看起来相像 look different 看起来不同 例： Jim and Lilei look the same.= Jim looks like Lilei. . 5. look

7、at + n 看某物 look for +n 查找某人/某物 look after +n 照看某人 6.both 两者都 all 三者或者三者以上都 Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后，位于行为动词前。 例： We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English. 7. give sth to sb = give sb sth 把某物给某人; (留意：假如sth是it或them，只能用前者) 8. have different looks = look different 有着不同的长相 (

8、看起来不相像) havethe same look. =look the same 有着一样的长相 (看起来很相像) 9.over there 在那边 come in 请进 go out 出去 10. in + 颜色 或 in a/an/the +颜色 + 衣服 表示穿着颜色的衣服 经常接在名词的后面，表示穿-颜色衣服的 如 the girl in red is my sister. 11. too + adj 太 12.pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数;但a pair of pants/ shoes作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 例： His shoes are black.

9、 A pair of shoes is under the bed. 13. in the morning/ afternoom/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上 14.go shopping = go to the shop 去购物 类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等 15.help sb. ( to ) do sth = help sb with sth 帮忙某人做某事 留意：sb 用代词时必需用宾格 16.high school 中学 17.play +球类 play the 乐器 18.think of 认为

10、，想 think about 考虑 I think + 从句 我认为 I think he you are right. 否认式常否认主句，但翻译时要否认后面的从句 例：I dont think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说：我不认为他会来) 句型： 1. What do/does + 主语 + look like ? 询问人的长相 例： What does your English teacher look like ? 2.Whats -and -? 加是什么?(答复：Its -) 例：Whats red and yellow? Its orange. Whats

11、two and five? Its seven. 3.Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ? Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这/这些 是谁的? 例：Whose coat is this ? It is mine. Whose shoes are these ? They are hers. 4.Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁? Its from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。 5.What color be + 东西? (答复：Its +颜色 或者 Theyer + 颜色) 例：What color is your

12、dress? Its black. 初一英语上册语法学问点总结 I.重点句型 Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good morning/afternoon/evening. How are you? Im fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks. Whats this in English? Its a map. Its V. Spell it please. K-E-Y. What color is it/the key? Its blue. The key is yellow. Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric. U

13、nit 1 My name is Gina. I.重点句型 Whats your name? My name is Jenny. /Im Jenny. /Jenny. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too. Whats his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny. Whats her name? Her name is Linda. Linda. Whats your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack. Whats your last/family name? My last/f

14、amily name is Green. Its Green. Whats your/his/her phone number? My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567. /Its 281-9176. II.词组 1 names=name is 名字是 2 Im=I am 我是 3 shes=she is 她是 hes=he is 他是 youre =you are 你是(复数形式) theyre=they are 他(她;它)们是 thats=that is 那是 isnt=is not 不是(单数形式) hes not =he is not=he isnt

15、 他不是 whats=what is 什么是 wheres=where is 在哪儿是 Lets=Let us 让我们 4 Nice to meet/see you 见到你很快乐 5 last name=family name=surname 姓氏 6 first name = given name 名字 7 telephone number 电话号码 =phone number 电话号码 8 ID card 身份证 9 Good morning (to sb) 早上好 10 Good afternoon 下午好 11 Good night /evening . 晚上好 12 Sit down

16、, please. =Have a seat, please. 请坐 13 Thats all right. 好;行;不用谢;没关系 Thats right . 对的、正确的 All right . 好的，行，好吧 14 Not at all.=Its a/my pleasure.=Thats OK. =Youre welcome.=Thats all right. 不用谢 Unit 2 Is this your pencil? I.重点句型 Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isnt . Its his backpack. T

17、his/That is my eraser. How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N. Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865. Is that your comuter game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. II.词组 1 pencil case 铅笔盒 2 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀 3 pen pal =pen friend 笔友 4 Thank you. =Thanks . 感谢你

18、5 in English 用英语 6 computer game(s) 电子嬉戏 7 Lost and Found 失物招领 8 a set of 一副;一套 a set of keys 一串钥匙 9 whos=who is 谁是 11 its=it is 它是 12 look at 朝看 13 ball-point pen 圆珠笔 14 call sb at+电话号码 打电话给某人 15 gold ring 金戒指 16 school ID card 校卡 17 See you later.=See you soon . 再见 初一英语上册语法学问点总结 一、初一英语语法词法 1、名词 A)

19、、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词，而不行数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-do

20、cumentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数一样(不变的)有：fish, sheep,

21、 deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但假如是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woma

22、n teacher-womenteachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族,time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特别形

23、式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用全部格形式。构成如下： 一)单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，假如不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节 三)由and并列的名词全部时，假

24、如是共同全部同一人或物时，只加最终一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词 工程 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 其次人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her her

25、s herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A) 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下： 一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变

26、y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五)特别的有：are-is, have-has B) 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下： 一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-

27、watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(留意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing)要双写最终的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再

28、加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进展比照时，则要使用比拟或级形式。构成如下： 一) 一般在词后加er或est(假如是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigg

29、er biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busierbusiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特别状况：(两好多坏，一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill

30、 worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序，有规章;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth