教育专题:定语从句和状语从句.ppt
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1、第11讲 定语从句与状语从句1 Julia was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.(2011湖南卷25)A.who B.whom C.which D.that 【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German,French和Russian,它们为先行词。all of which of which alland all of them,作非限定性定语从句。2考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较:.定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即:从句译作先行词
2、的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即:译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导;作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导;关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去,原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去,原句意义不受影响)3考点2.介词+关系代词连用时,介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.(2011江西卷34)A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to
3、which 【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction,也可以说the construction of whichof which the construction,介词of 表所属关系。4 介 词 提 前 时,定 语 从 句 的 形 式 为:介 词+which/whom,不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。5 考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较例1:Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt,_ is a stup
4、id thing to do in such weather.(2011全国大纲卷7)A.this B.that C.what D.which 【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。6例2:_ is know to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句,C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybodyAs everybody knows“正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It
5、is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.7 as和which的相同点:(1)先行词都可指代整个主句;(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点:(1)as引导的从句可位于句首,而which则不行;(2)as有“正如”之意,而which表示“这一点”。8考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用I will
6、 never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 【解析】选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when;第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。9 如果先行词是时间、地点或理由,而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时,引导词用when,where,why
7、;有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由,但是引导词在从句中不作状语,而是作主语、宾语或表语,引导词则用that或which。10 Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important.(江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷)A.which;that B./;when C.which;when D.that;where 【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或whi
8、ch 作主语,不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where,因为句子意思完整,不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思,确定用关系副词whereat which表地点,作地点状语。11 定语从句中如果先行词是地点,而引导词在从句中可作地点状语,引导词用where;如果先行词是时间,而引导词在从句中可作时间状语,引导词用when。12考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened?A.where;that B.where;which C.that
9、;which D.which;that 【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句,that或which作第二个in的宾语;第二空考查强调句型。13 1.区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是:在先行词与从句之间加be动词,若句子成立,则是同位语从句;若句子不成立,则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立,因此“that he has passed the exam”是The
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