(法拉第定律与安培回路定律)(精品).ppt

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1、 Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Va

2、rying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equations in Differential Form Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時

3、域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential FormFaradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)法拉第定律安培定律法拉第定律安培定律相當於(

4、積分形式)(微分形式)相當於或在 z-x 平面上,當x,z 0時 (方向)相當於在 x-y-z 空間中,當x,y,z 0時xyz或即各座標系中的Curl計算直角座標圓柱座標球座標符號定義:1,1,11,r,11,r,rsin各座標系中的Curl計算直角座標圓柱座標球座標 Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domai

5、n in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential FormGauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)電

6、場高斯定律磁場高斯定律相當於(積分形式)(微分形式)電場高斯定律磁場高斯定律電荷守恆電荷守恆電場高斯定律當x,y,z0時,且磁場高斯定律當x,y,z0時,空間中,或材料內任意點之 的散度=0電荷守恆當x,y,z0時,且各座標系中的Divergence的計算直角座標圓柱座標球座標符號定義:1,1,11,r,11,r,rsin各座標系中的Divergence的計算直角座標圓柱座標球座標 Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Cu

7、rl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential

8、Form4.3 Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度的意義)法拉第定律安培定律微分形式之Maxwells Equations電場高斯定律磁場高斯定律電荷守恆A.旋度B.散度C.Stokes 定理散度(divergence)定理利用散度(divergence)定理及 Stokes定理可以證明:Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Wa

9、ves in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential FormJames Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)Heinri

10、ch Rudolf Hertz(1857-1894)Experimental verification of electromagnetic wavesMaxwells Equations,Prediction of electromagnetic waves均勻平面波(Uniform Plane Waves)電磁波:平面電磁波之波源在 z=0*靜磁場:平面電磁波的傳遞由 z=0 向外傳遞平面電磁波的傳遞波動方程式平面電磁波的傳遞zxy空間電磁波的波速m/s空間電磁波的波函數向 z 傳遞若 Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律

11、)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy

12、Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential Form其中Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space 向 z 傳遞,在 z=0 處若正弦電磁波xyEHxyzEHz線偏振電磁波(linearly polarized EM wave)正弦電磁波m/s 真空中波長(m)頻率(MHz)=300 mMHz正弦電磁波-波長10210010110210310410510610710810910101011101210131014101無線電波微波遠紅外光紅外光可見光紫外

13、光X 光 射線原子核原子分子釐米mm微米m奈米nm米m細菌50-1 m病毒500-10 nm塵螨0.5-0.1 mm螞蟻老鼠人鯨電磁波的波長 正弦電磁波-無線電波(radio wave)及微波(microwave)之頻率正弦電磁波之“電場-磁場比值”及傳遞方向向 z 傳遞,波速正弦電磁波例:天線陣列 Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Wave

14、s in Time Domain in Free Space (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential Form時變向量場時變向量場F1F2xyF1F2FLinear polarizati

15、on(線偏振)Circular polarization(圓偏振)Elliptical polarization(橢圓偏振)時變向量場的時變向量場的“偏振偏振”形式形式時變向量場的時變向量場的“線偏振線偏振”時變向量場的時變向量場的“圓偏振圓偏振”Faradays Law and Amperes Circuital Law (法拉第定律與安培迴路定律)Gauss Laws and the Continuity equation (高斯定律與電流連續方程)Curl and Divergence(旋度與散度)Uniform Plane Waves in Time Domain in Free Sp

16、ace (自由空間時域平面波)Sinusoidally Time-Varying Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space(自由空間正弦時變平面波)Polarization of Sinusoidally Time-Varying Vector Fields(正弦時變向量場的偏振)Power Flow and Energy Storage(功率流與能量貯藏)Ch3.Maxwells Equation in Differential FormPower Flow(功率流)in an Electromagnetic Field Poynting vector電磁場之能量密度消耗功率電能密度磁能密度S封密面上淨功率流出時間平均之單位面積功率流出