句子的翻译4.ppt

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1、句子的翻译否定句的翻译nNegation in C&EnTranslation methods n1.译成英语的否定句n2.译成英语的肯定句n3.将汉语的双重否定句译成英语的双重否定句n4.将汉语的肯定句译成英语的否定句Negation in C&EnChinese:Lexical meansn不、无、否、非、没、莫、勿、未、毋、弗，绝不、毫无、否则、并非、没有、未尝n我不喜欢你。n你这样说毫无道理。n连我都听说了，你不会还不知道吧n南方不是没有大旱，可是成灾的时候较少，就因为老百姓有浇水的习惯。English:lexical means and syntactical meansnLexic

2、al means：nNo,not,never,nor,neither nhardly,rarely,seldom,barely,scarcely,narrowly,few,little nno-,non-,in-,dis-,un-,im,-lessnVerb:lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,run short of,refrain fromnNoun:absence,exclusion,lack,ignorancenAdj:absent,missing,ignorant,gone,free/far/safe fromnPrep:beyond,without,above,

3、but,except,in vainnConj:before,unless,(other)than,ornSyntactical meansnmore()than,other than,rather than would rather than,know better thanntooto,too fornif Translation methodsn1.译成英语的否定句n我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。nI dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether,but my quota of them is undoub

4、tedly wearing away.n这并不是谦虚客气的话，这是真的事实。（我说的话）nI did not make this remark out of mere modesty and courtesy.I truly meant what I said.n如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。nA moving object would never come to a stop if there were no frictionn这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。nWith all its magnificence,the house is not at all comfor

5、table to live in.n我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老了死的死了，但是他们才是真正活到现在活到将来。nWe in our twenties or thirties cannot compare with our elders in their sixties or seventies.Today they may be advanced in years or even passed away,but they will,nevertheless,live forever and ever.n液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。nLiquids have no d

6、efinite shape;nor have gases.n2.译成英语的肯定句nrarely,seldom,barely,scarcely,narrowly,few,little,lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,run short of,refrain from,absence,exclusion,lack,ignorance,beyond,without,above,but,except,in vain,more()than,other than,rather than would rather than,n他无可指责。nHe is above blame.n他化学

7、测验不及格。nHe failed the test in chemistry.n我们不能让孩子上河里游泳。nWe must keep the kids from swimming in the river.n这尊雕像经历大地震后毫发无损，仍然矗立。nThe statue survived the great earthquake,remained intact and was still standing there.n我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。nInstead of going out for a jog or walk,Ill set about my work as soo

8、n as Im out of bed.n他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。nHe will die of hunger before he steals.n他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎。nPoor as he was,he was above telling a lie in any case.n我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。nWe will live up to the expectations of our people.n那些黑人挣到的钱几乎不够养家糊口。nThe negroes barely earn enough money to keep their families alive.n

9、Special attention should be paid to the following examples.nOtherwise:adverbn 1.in other respects or ways 2.in another and different mannern他显然有不同的想法nHe evidently thinks otherwise.nConj:if conditions were different;if notn把瓶盖儿盖好，要不汁液就洒出来了。nPut the cap back on the bottle,otherwise the juice will spil

10、l.n不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。nUnless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge.n部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。nThe troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the cropsn3.将汉语的双重否定译成英语的双重否定句n无产阶级不把大多数人争取到自己方面来，就不能取得胜利。nThe proletariat cannot be victorious unless it wins over

11、 to its side the majority of the population.n子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”nThe Master said,(the good man)does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits.His only anxiety is lest he(should)fail to recognize theirs.nLest,conjn-so as to prevent any possibility that 以防发生/为了不nhe fled the country lest

12、 he be captured and imprisoned.n-for fear that;in case唯恐nhe was alarmed lest she should find out.n名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，nIf language is incorrect,then what is said does not concord with what was meant;and if what is said does not concord with what was meant,what is to be done cannot be effected.n我想：希望本无所谓

13、有，无所谓无。nI thought:hope cannot be said to exist,nor can it be said not to exist.n4.将汉语的肯定句译成英语的否定句n他在上面费了很多力。nHe took no little pain over it.n我对你万分感激。nI couldnt thank you enough.n完全同意nI couldnt agree more.n直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。nNot until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at

14、supersonic speedsn智者千虑，必有一失。nEven the wise are not always free from errors.Exercisen讨论以下句子的两种译法。它们各有什么特点？你选择哪一种？为什么？n1这些细菌要在温度达到一百摄氏度才会死亡。nA.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100C.nB.These bacteria will still be alive so long as the temperature is below 100n2这种水泥一拌好就硬结。nA.No

15、sooner had this cement be mixed with water than it began to harden.nB.This cement began to harden as soon as it had been mixedn3无论何处铝在自然界总是以化合的形式存在着。na.Aluminum is always found combined in nature.nb.Aluminum is nowhere to be found uncombined in nature.n4.自然界中的作用力，必定要牵涉到两个或两个以上的物体。na.There is never a force acting in nature unless two or more bodies are involved.nb.Every force acting in nature must involve at least two bodies.n5.所有机器在运转时都要损失能量。na.There is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.nb.All machines will lose energy when in motion.