Unit 3单元同步讲义-人教版英语八年级下册.docx

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1、There is no royal road to learning Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?目录语法精讲1细节知识点4习题巩固10U3短语梳理11写作12出门测（满分15）13一、语法精讲Grammarcan 的过去式礼貌地请求提出建议推测could情态动词could的用法I could run fast when I was a child.Could you help me?You could talk to your teacher now.He couldnt be at the school then.经典例题：. Could

2、 you please help me look after my pet dog? I will be away for about two weeks. _! I will take good care of it. A. With pleasure B. You are kidding C. No wayCQ分析：对于情态动词考试重点1.肯定回答与否定回答；2.不同情态动词间的辨析一、提出礼貌的请求could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有：否定形式为:1. Could you +动词原形+.? 2. Could you please+动词原形+.?意为请你做好吗? 句型2比句型1语气更

3、加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I cant.笔记：二、表示请求许可1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为：Could I/we +动词原形+.? 意为请问我（们）能做吗? 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Im sorry / Sorry, you cant. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you cant. 【中考链接】xx 表示中考年份1.May I go boating with my classmates

4、 this weekend? 22Of course, but you _ swim in the river!A, mustntB. needntC. wouldntD. couldnt2.Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon?20Im sorry, David, but I _ meet my cousin at the train station. A, have to B. can C. mayD. could3.Its nearly seven oclock .Jack _ be back home at this mo

5、ment.07A.must B.needC. could D.can4. Could you please pass me the book?11A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldntC. Sure. Here you areD. No, thats no problem5.The magazine_ be Lilys, for we can find her name on the cover.07A. may B. might C. couldD. must6. As middle school students, we follow the public rul

6、es wherever we go.19A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. couldDetails达成情况：二、细节知识点知识点1.主谓一致（金钱、时间做主语）【原文链接】I think two hours of TV is enough for you!(U3 P18)1.two hours视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。2.【拓展】表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 例句：Three months is a long time. I dont think 200 dollars is enough to

7、buy this guitar.【练习1】（单词变形）I think 100 dollars _(mean) a lot to a poor man.知识点2.sweep the floor 【解析】sweep动词，其过去式为_.知识点3.as.as【原文链接】Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累!(U3 P19)1.as.as.表示“_”,两个as之间用形容词或副词的_,表示同级比较。【翻译】这棵树和那栋楼一样高。_ 他跑得和他父亲一样快。_2.as.as.的否定形式_表示“.不如.”3.【固定句型】 as long as只要 as soon as一.就.【

8、练习2】（单项选择）You can take this book away _ you return it on time.Aas soon asBas possible asCas long asDas far as【练习3】（单项选择）Could you please give the magazine to Mario? Sure. Ill give it to him _ I see him.Aas many asBas much asCas often asDas soon as知识点4.neither倒装句【原文链接】For one week, she did not do any

9、 house work and neither did I.(U3 P19)1. neither此处用作副词,意为“也不”。neitherdidI是倒装结构，相当于_。结构为：“_”2. 表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合另外的人或物。当前者叙述的肯定情况也适用于后者时,要用“_”结构。真题链接：1.-I dont think I will have time to work in an old people s house this summer.（城阳八中/市南期中） -If you don t go there, I wont go_.A too B either C. neither D a

10、lso2.If my friend Mario doesnt cut down a few of his activities,_.（市北期中）A.so will IB.so I am C.neither do ID.neither will I知识点5.neither用法1.neither 意为“两者中任何一个不”，可做adj和pron。做形容词，放在名词之前。做代词时，常用“neither of.”结构。【注意】neither强调“一”，为单数的概念。 例句:Neither student is from China. Neither of us likes bananas.我们两个都不喜

11、欢香蕉。2.【常用句型】neither.nor.“既不.也不.”，遵循“就近原则”。 例句：Neither my father nor I am interested in your story.3.【重点】both, neither, all, none与either辨析1)both,“两者都”复数概念。常用结构：both.and.“.和.（两者都）”, 例句：Both my father and I are at home.我和我的爸爸都在家2)neither,“两者都不”，强调“一”，为单数的概念。常用结构neither.nor. “A和B都不”。 例句：Neither of us li

12、kes bananas.我们两个都不喜欢香蕉。3)all,“三者或三者以上的人或物都”,复数概念。 例句：All of my classmates are from Nanjing.我的同学都来自南京4)none,“三者或三者以上的人或物都不”，单数概念。 例句：None of the students likes that film. 没有学生喜欢那部电影。5）either，“两者中任何一个”，单数概念。常用结构：either.or.要么.要么.【练习4】（单项选择）Which of the two sports do you like, tennis or baseball? _. The

13、y are really interesting.ANeither BBoth CNone DAll【练习5】（单项选择） Can I come to your house on Saturday or on Sunday? _ day is OK. Im free this weekend.ABoth BEither CNeither DAll知识点6.“借”lend、borrow、keep1. lend及物动词，意为“_”，表示主语把自已的东西借给他人。其过去式为_。常用搭配:_=_“借某物给某人;把某物借给某人”。2. borrow “借入”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于“_”结

14、构中,为非延续性动词3. keep “保存,保留”,引申为“借用”,用于表示借用的时间长度，为延续性动词，可以和表示_状语及_等连用【练习6】（单项选择）How long can a person _ a shared bike (共享单车) for free in Nanjing? For an hour.Akeep Bget Cborrow Dlend知识点7. takeout【原文链接】Peter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish? 1. takeout表示“_”，是“动词+副词”构成的短语。当宾语是名词时,置于out_；当宾语是代词时，只能放在_。2. 【

15、拓展】参加_ 去散步_ 照顾；照看_拆除；写下_ 脱下；起飞_ 上课_ 知识点8.mess【原文链接】And she wont be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样不整洁，她会不高兴的。(U3 P18)mess常用可数名词单数形式，意为杂乱；不整洁。【固定结构】in a mess make a mess What a mess!【练习7】（单项选择）Oh, my dear! Your room is in a _. Sorry, Mom. I will clean it up right now.Ahurry Bmess Crubbish Dhalf知

16、识点9.throw1. throw动词，意为“扔；掷”，其过去式是_，过去分词是_。常用短语：_“扔下；扔掉” ；_“扔掉;错过”。2. 【拓展】 throw构成的其他常用短语throw sth. _ sb.将某物扔向某人(不含恶意)throw sth. _sb.用某物砸某人(含恶意，带有攻击性)【原文链接】I threw down my bag and went to the living room知识点10.as soon as【原文链接】MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontofthe TV. as soon as表示“.”引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作

17、在时间上是接连发生的。若主句时态为一般将来时,从句则应用一般现在时,即遵循“_”原则。 【例句】HetookouthisEnglishbookassoonashesatdown. 主句： 从句：【练习8】Please call me up_you come back. （李沧期中）A. Until B. while C. as soon as D. unless 知识点11. pass【原文链接】Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt? 1. pass及物动词,意为_后常接双宾语,即_,表示“把某物(传)递给某人”,相当于_. Pleasepassmethebook.=_2.

18、当pass的直接宾语为代词时，只能用_结构。请把它递给我。_3. 【拓展】pass还可表示“走过;通过”。Ihappenedtopasstheshopyesterday. 我昨天碰巧经过了那家商店 We allpassedtheexam. 我们都通过了考试知识点12. it做形式主语【原文链接】 Itis stillagoodideatoreadthefirstsentenceineachparagrapha littlemorecarefully. 1. 本句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的_。 【翻译】对我们来说,学好英语很重要。(真正的主语是tolearnEnglishwell)_

19、2. 你来帮助我真是太好了。(真正的主语是tohelpme)_3. 【解析】(2)alittlemorecarefully表示“_”。其中,alittle表示“_”,在这里修饰比较级morecarefully.知识点13.inorderto（作文-表示目的类）【原文链接】Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgrades andgetintoagooduniversity. 1. inorderto表示“_”,后跟动词原形,表示目的。其否定结构为_。2. “inorder+that从句”也可表示“目的是;为了”，从句中常用can

20、、may、could、might等情态动词。可与“_”相互转换。【例句】为了能通过考试，他努力学习。知识点14provide【原文链接】It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家里给孩子提供一个干净和舒服的环境是父母的工作。(U3 P22)1.provide是及物动词，表示“提供；供应”，后可接名词或代词作宾语。【固定结构】_给某人提供某物 例句：Sheep provide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。2.【拓展】offer，提

21、供，主动提出。句型：offer sth. to sb./ offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物【中考链接】. I cant write a complete report unless you me with enough information about the competition.A. offerB. giveC. provideD. tell知识点15.depend【原文链接】Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子过于依赖他们的家长。(U3 P22)1.depend on是固定短语，表示“依靠；

22、信赖”，也作depend upon。 例句：Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.健康依靠的是好的食物新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。 口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。 例句：Are you going too? 你也去吗? That depends. 那要看情况。2.【词性变换】_. adj.独立的 _. n.独立性知识点16.Since【原文链接】Since they live in one house with their parents，they should

23、 know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.1. since做连词，引导原因状语从句，意为“_”，通常表示对方已知的事实或理由。2. since知识扩展1) since做连词，还可表示“自.以来”，引导时间状语从句，常与完成时连用。常用句型：_，表示“自从.已经多长时间了”。2) since做介词或副词，意为“自从；自.以后；从.以来”，常与完成时连用。知识点17.越.越.【原文链接】The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is

24、 for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越有好处。(U3 P22) 22中考 The harder you work, the _（lucky）you will be. the+比较级, the+比较级表示越就越，为固定句式。 例句：The harder you study, the better grades youll get. 你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。【活学活用】The_you work at your lessons, the_results you will get. （城阳八中期中）A. hard; good B. harder; bet

25、ter C. hardest; best D. harder; best知识点18.宾语从句【原文链接】 Idonotunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwith houseworkandchoresathome. 1. 本句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。why引导的宾语从句做动词understand的宾语。宾语从句要用陈述语序。【例句】Nooneknowswhytheywerelateforthemeeting. 2. make此处用作使役动词，意为“_”.make后跟省略to的不定式做宾语补足语,即_“使某人做某事”。但在被动语态中不定式符号to

26、则不能省略,即_【活学活用】-Would you like to tell me_to London?-Sure. Next month.（李沧期中）A.when you will travel B.when will you travelC. when you travelled D. when did you travel知识点19.waste【原文链接】Housework is a waste of time.做家务就是浪费时间.(U3 P22)1.waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。 例句：I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。【固定句型】_ 浪费时间 _ 浪费金钱

27、2.waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 例句：We shouldnt waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。 【拓展】waste time/money _ sth =waste time / money _doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱【翻译】 SZB浪费了很多钱买衣服。_知识点20.And anyway，I think doing chores is not so difficult. 1. doing chores，在宾语从句中做主语。单个动词-ing形式做主语时，谓语动词须用_。2. 【例句】Taking walks after supper _ good

28、 for our health.晚饭后散步对我们的健康有好处。 知识点21. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence.1. 【解析】develop动词，意为“发展；壮大；培养；（使）成长；开发”。其名词形式为_，意为“发展；开发”。2. 【例句】This made the industry develop very quickly. 这使得该行业发展得非常迅速。Teenagers should develop good reading habits. 青少年应该养成良好的阅读习惯。【拓展】develop的形容词形式develop

29、developed“发达的”developed countries“发达国家”developing“发展中的”developing countries“发展中国家” 三、 习题巩固I单项选择-【链接青岛期中】1.-Could you please wear your mask(口罩)? You are asked to wear it here.(2022胶州期中)-_.A.Yes,you canB.Thats rightC.No problemD.You are right2.-Its always raining in summer,and I dont like it.(2022李沧期中

30、)-_.Rainy days make me sad.A.So I doB.So do IC.Neither I doD.Neither do I3.-Lets go for a picnic tomorrow.(2022李沧期中)-Good idea,but it_the weather.A.gets offB.depends onC.puts onD.cuts off4 .-Id love to go hiking with you,but I have too much homework_.(2022李沧期中)-If you dont go,_.A.to do;so do I B to

31、do;nor will IC.doing;so will l D.do;neither am I5.-Nick,do you_your father or your mother?(2022李沧期中) -Of course,my father.We are both outgoing.A.take afterB.look afterC.look atD.look up6.-How long can I_these two books?(2022市北期中)-For two Weeks.But you mustnt_them to others.A.borrow;lend B.keep;borro

32、w C.lend;borrow D.keep;lend7.-The Wandering Earth is_wonderful_I want to watch it again.(2022市北期中)-I agree with you.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.as;as8.-Mum,I had a fight with Lisa this morning.(2022崂山期中)-_.A.Thats all right B.You should say sorry to her C.Its OK D.Good luck 9.-Could you do_for me,

33、please?(市南期中)-Yes,with pleasure.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything10.-Do you think David and Lisa can be good accountants？(真题改编)-Accountants should be careful enough._David_Lisa is suitable,Im afraid.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Not only;but also11.Jenny,could you please not_window

34、? Its too cold.(2022市南期中)A.openB.opening C.to openD.openedI.完形填空Saturday is Emilys favorite day of the week. On that day,after doing her 1 ,she is free to do what she wants to do. But today,it was warm and 2 . Emily wanted to go out right now,so she walked to the door 3 . Suddenly,little Joe shouted

35、, “Mama,Emily is going outside, 4 she didnt do her chores.” Emily stopped and got back. Mama entered the room. She said, “I know you love the sunshine,Emily,but do you remember 5 responsibility(责任)means?” Emily answered, “Yes,Mama. Responsibility means doing what I should do so I can grow up to 6 my

36、self.” Mama smiled and went away. Emily began to do her chores. She 7 her bed,put the toys in the box and placed her books on the bookshelf. She picked up the clothes on the floor and carried 8 to the bathroom. There she washed the clothes and cleaned the mirror. Emily ran 9 her mom and shouted, “Ma

37、ma,Im done with my chores. Im going to play outside now.” “Good girl,” her mom said. Though Emily 10 chores,she was glad that she could help Mama.1.A.homeworkB.choresC.readingD.training2.A.sunnyB.rainyC.windyD.snowy3.A.differentlyB.easilyC.quietlyD.loudly4.A.andB.soC.becauseD.or5.A.howB.whatC.whereD

38、.when6.A.take afterB.fix upC.give upD.depend on7.A.tookB.developedC.madeD.dropped8.A.herB.usC.itD.them9.A.forB.toC.withD.on10.A.hatedB.likedC.enjoyedD.started四、U3短语梳理Section A 1.倒垃圾take out the rubbish2.打扫地板sweep the floor3.叠你的衣服fold your clothes4.整理你的床铺make your bed5.在外面待得晚stay out late6.出去吃完饭go out for dinner7.随时，在任何时刻any minute now8.乱七八糟 in a mess9.扔下throw down10.一直all the time11.一就as soon as12.向借 borrowfrom13.把借给lendto14.惊讶地 in surpriseSection B 1.浪费时间a waste of t