高三英语一轮复习被动语态讲义.docx

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1、被动语态一、 什么是语态，可以分几种？语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。分两种： 主动语态 主语是动作的发出者（执行者） 被动语态 主语是动作的承受着（承受者）e.g.: Cats eat fish. (结构：主+谓+宾) 主动语态 Fish is eaten by cats. (结构：主+谓+宾) 被动语态二、 构成：be done（及物动词的vpp.形式）+by sb.（可省）口诀：宾语提前变主语， 原主变宾by后见（+人称代词宾格）， 记住时态不要变（时态看主动语态），还有人称be关键。三、各种时态的被动语态 主动语态 被动语态1、 一般现在时 She waters flo

2、wers. 2、一般过去时 She watered flowers. 3、一般将来时 She will water flowers. 4、现在进行时 She is watering flowers. 5、过去进行时 She was watering flowers. 6、过去将来时 She would water flowers. 7、现在完成时 She has watered flowers. 8、过去完成时 She had watered flowers. 结构：一般现在时：am/is/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：will/shall be done现

3、在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：was/were being done过去将来时：would/should be done现在完成时：has/have been done过去完成时：had been done含有情态动词的被动语态：can/could/must/should/may/might/has（have） to/had to/must+be donee.g.: He must finish all the work today.You should look after him well.四、三种句型的被动语态1、 主+谓+宾They speak Engl

4、ish. 2、 主+谓+间宾+直宾 （此句型的谓语动词又称双宾语动词）Tom gave me a gift yesterday. 间宾：I was given a gift by Tom yesterday. 直宾：A gift was given to me by Tom yesterday.My father bought me a new bike. 间宾： 直宾：注：间接宾语前加to的动词：give, read, show, hand, tell, teach, pass, lend, send间接宾语前加for的动词：buy, make, choose3、 主+谓+宾+宾补I saw

5、 you walk the dog last night. We often hear her sing in the morning. 注：make sb. do sth. “一让” sb. be made to do sth. hear sb. do sth. “一厅” sb. be seen/watched/noticed to do sth.see/watch/notice sb. do sth. “三看” sb. be heard to do sth.以上句型改成被动语态时，宾补必须带上to（主动没有to，被动带上to）let sb. do sth./have sb. to sth.

6、 一般不用于被动语态e.g.: They made him cry.五、注意事项1、 动词短语改成被动语态时，动词后面原有的介词或副词不可省略。（完整性）She took good care of the children. They laughed at him. 2、 主动变成被动，注意主谓一致（单-单，复-复）。They do homework every day.3、 不及物动词没有被动语态常考：happen（自然）发生 be happened take place （人为）发生 be taken place belong to 属于 be belonged to last 持续 br

7、eak out （战争爆发）4、 系动词无被动语态，感官动词feel, look, taste, sound, smell后+形容词，主动表示被动。e.g.: The dish tastes delicious.The cloth feels soft.The medicine smells terrible.5、 want, need, require表示“需要”时，后接v-ing形式表示被动。e.g.: The tree needs cutting.=The tree needs to be cut. These computers require repairing.= These co

8、mputers require to be repaired.be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（主动表被动）The book is worth reading.6、 当wash, cut, write, sell等表示主语的某种特性时，后接副词well, easily, smoothly, badly等，用主动表被动。e.g.: The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写得很流畅。The clothes sell well. 这衣服很畅销。The cloth washes easily. 这布料很好洗。The knife cuts easily. 这刀很好切割。

9、All the computers of this kind were sold out.A letter was written to the professor last night.7、 部分及物动词无被动语态have（有），own（拥有），fit（适合），cost（花费），reach（到达），enter（进入）e.g.: The car cost me $20000. （）The car was cost me $20000. （）三、 特殊结构1、 make oneself understood/heard 使别人理解/听见自己Ill try my best to make myse

10、lf understood.我会尽力让大家理解我的意思。2、 have/get sth. done 让某物被做He will have/get his tooth pulled.他要叫人拔牙。He has his hair cut once a month.他一个月理发一次。3、 It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is hoped that 希望 +主语从句It is well known that 众所周知It is suggested that 有人建议 It is said that he is rich.It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.4、 get +vpp.系表结构（1）表自身的动作 get dressed 穿衣 get lost 迷路 get married 结婚 get paid 得到报酬（2）表自身的结果（一般表示突发、偶然的结果）get hurt 受伤11学科网（北京）股份有限公司