Unit 2 Improving yourself 知识梳理讲义-高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册.docx

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1、Unit 2Improving yourself.重点单词Part 1核心单词1switch v. (用开关)改变，转换2deadline n. 截止时间；最后期限3profile n. 概况4towel n. 毛巾5item n. 一件商品(或物品)6district n. 地区，区域7nail n. 钉子8vision n. 构想，设想9toothpaste n. 牙膏10soap n. 肥皂11lifelong adj. 终身的12likewise adv. 同样地；相似地13headline n. 媒体报道的热门话题；标题14jar n. (玻璃)罐子，广口瓶15procrastina

2、tion n. 拖延16spit v. 吐口水，吐唾沫17headphones n. (头戴式)耳机18bin n. 垃圾箱19considerate adj. 替他人着想的20moderator n. 主持人21detox n. 脱瘾22fundraising n. 募捐，筹款Part 2关联拓展1security n. 安全secure adj. 安全的；可靠的 securely adv. 安全地2motivate v. 激发，激励motivation n. 动力；动机；积极性 motivated adj. 积极的；主动的3occupy v. 占用，占去(时间)occupation n.

3、占领；占用；职业 occupied adj. 已被占用的；忙于的4distract v. 分散(注意力)，使分心distraction n. 使人分心的事 distracted adj. 注意力分散的；思想不集中的5constant adj. 连续的；不断的constantly adv. 持续不断地；经常地6access n. 接触的机会accessible adj. 可进入的；易得到的；易接近的7rely v. (为生活或生存而)依赖reliable adj. 可靠的；值得信赖的 reliably adv. 可靠地8clarify v. 澄清，讲清楚，阐明clarification n. 澄

4、清；阐明9promote v. 促进，增进promotion n. 促进10necessity n. 必需品necessary adj. 必需的；必要的 necessarily adv. 必然地；不可避免地11finance n. 财务financial adj. 财政的；金融的 financially adv. 财政上；金融上12invest v. 投资investment n. 投资13equip v. 使有知识和技能，使能够胜任equipment n. 设备；装备14benefit n. 益处；利益beneficial adj. 有裨益的；有利的15embarrass v. 使尴尬emb

5、arrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的16value n. 价值；价值观valuable adj. 很值钱的，宝贵的17choose v. 选择choice n. 选择18appropriate adj. 恰当的；合适的appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地19objectively adv. 客观地objective adj. 客观的Part 3重点单词用法归纳1motivate v激发，激励归纳拓展：(1)motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事be motivated by.受激励/激发；出于的动机(2)mot

6、ivation n动力，积极性；动机How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?你如何激励人们努力并高效地工作呢？Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.没有动力，你既不能设定目标也不能实现它。2occupy v占用，占去(时间)归纳拓展：(1)occupation n职业；占领，占用(2)occupy oneself with sth.忙于某事occupy oneself (in) doing sth.忙于做某事(3)occupied adj.忙

7、于的；被占领的be occupied with sth.忙于某事be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事I have been so occupied with work that I havent had time for social activities.工作太忙，我一直没有时间参加社会活动。The doctors have been occupying themselves in treating the patients with COVID19.医生们一直忙于治疗患新冠肺炎的病人们。3access n接触的机会归纳拓展：(1)access to.的通道，的机

8、会/权利have/gain/get access to.使用/进入的权利/机会(2)accessible adj.be accessible to.可接近；易使用；可进入The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是去哪儿都很方便，比如商店和餐馆。4re

9、ly v(为生活或生存而)依赖归纳拓展：rely on/upon sb./sth.依靠某人/某物rely on/upon sb./sth. to do sth.指望/信任某人/某物做某事rely on it that.(it为形式宾语)相信/指望You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我，我为你保密。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来见你的。5promote vt.推动；促进，增进；提升归纳拓展：(1)promote sb. to.提升某人为(2)promotion

10、 n促进；推广；推销(3)promoter n承办者；倡导者The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新专辑。Helen was promoted to senior manager.海伦被提升为高级经理了。.重点短语1make full use of充分利用2lose ones temper发脾气3junk food垃圾食品4on average平均，通常5social media社交媒体6switch on打开7miss out失去；遗漏；不包括在内8instead of代替；而不是9throw i

11、n the towel认输10max out (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆11in contrast to与形成对比12rely on依靠，依赖13personal finances(个人的)财务管理14whats worse更糟的是15to be honest说实话16give in屈服；让步17other than除了18raise money筹钱19vary from.to.从到不等20put off推迟；延期21work out解决(问题)；找到解决办法；制定出；锻炼22come up with提出，想出23in control of管理；控制；掌管24pass by经过；走过；逝去25

12、turn over翻身；翻转；仔细考虑；移交.重点句型1with复合结构即with宾语宾补“with宾语宾补”在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：教材原句：With the detox now finished, theyve switched on their devices and theyre back online.现在戒瘾活动结束了，他们打开了自己的电子设备，又回到了网上。经典例句：Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in intern

13、ational affairs. 中国的形象正在稳步提升，越来越多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。I will have to buy a new pair with my glasses broken由于眼镜碎了，我不得不买一副新的眼镜。With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留在这儿。2that引导表语从句that引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。教材原句：The value taught with the Spe

14、nding jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness.消费观教给我们的价值观是要为自己的幸福负责。经典例句：One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.一种观点是睡眠可以帮助我们强化新的记忆。The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.他上学迟到的原因是他起晚了。3动名词(短语)作主语动名词(短语)作主语多表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，谓语动词常用单数形式。动名词(短语)作主语

15、时，有时用It作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构：It is no use/gooddoing.做是没用的It is a waste ofn.doing.做是浪费教材原句：Doing the detox meant we had to talk and explain what we were doing and thinking!脱瘾意味着我们必须谈论并解释我们在做什么和想什么！经典例句：Reading English loudly in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨大声读英文将对你有许多好处。Swimming is one of

16、 Mr. Wangs favorite hobbies in his spare time.游泳是王先生闲暇时最喜欢的业余爱好之一。Its no use crying over spilt milk.事已至此，后悔也没有用了。.语法小结过去完成时的被动语态一、构成肯定式：主语had been done.否定式：主语had not been done.一般疑问式：Had主语been done?二、用法1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的被动动作，表示“过去的过去”常与by, before, when, until, by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。A new agree

17、ment had been signed by the time we got there.等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。The house had been picked up by the hurricane before they took measures.在他们采取措施之前，房子已经被飓风卷走了。2表示从过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.据报道，这场销售活动已经做了好几

18、个星期的广告了。3用在said, told, knew, thought, wondered等动词后的宾语从句中，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。The architect told us that the project had been completed那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经完工了。We know that they had been punished twice for doing that, so we dared not go to see the film.我们知道他们已经因为做那件事而被惩罚两次了，因此我们不敢去看电影了。4根据语意可以判断出两个过去动作先后的被动语态

19、，先发生动作用过去完成时。He had to leave his house because it had been flooded他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。5在It was the first/second. time that.的从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。It is the first time that we have been criticized here.这是我第一次在这儿受批评。It was the second time that his bike had been stolen.那是他的自行车第二次被盗。6在虚拟语气中，条件句

20、表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.要是我早些时候被邀请，我就会和你一起去了。If I had been given another day, I would have done it much better.如果再给我一天时间，我会把这事做得好得多。7在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely.when.和No sooner.than.句型中，when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句的谓语为过去发生的被动动作，且用倒装，表示“刚刚就”。Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down.No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down.工作刚做完，雨就倾盆而下。学科网（北京）股份有限公司