【课件】高中英语虚拟语气课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习.pptx

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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure)，用来表示说话人所说，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种，而只是一种假设假设(hypotheses)愿望愿望(wishes)、建议、建议(suggestion)或怀疑或怀疑doubt等等。等等。WhatisSubjunctiveMood?虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1.1.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句2.2.名词性从句的虚拟语气名词性从句的虚拟语气3.3.虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气的其他用法IfIf条件句条件句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在

2、事实相反did(be动词动词用用were)would(或或could,should,might)do与过去事实相反与过去事实相反haddonewould(或或could,should,might)havedone与将来事实相反与将来事实相反或可能相反或可能相反did(were)shoulddoweretodowould(或或could,should,might)do一、虚拟条件句：一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。1）If I were you,I would study hard.2）If it rained,I would

3、not be here now.1）If the doctor had come last night,the boy would have saved.2）If I had not studied hard,I would have failed in the exam last term.1)If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.2)If I were to go to the moon one day,I could see it with my own eyes.3)If you missed the film tonight

4、,you would feel sorry.注意问题：注意问题：1、If条 件 句 中 绝 对 不 可 出 现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。eg:If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now.If she didnt love driving,she wouldnt have become a taxi driver.3、在条件句中如果出现、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可可省去省去if，将主语与

5、这些词倒装，例如：，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night,the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day,I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow,we would stay at home1)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.2)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.3)Ifit

6、shouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.4.with,without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or引引起起的的短短语语或或句句子子常常暗暗含含着着含含蓄蓄条条件件。这这时时主主句用虚拟句用虚拟1)Without you,I would never know him.2)But for your cooperation,we wouldnt have done the work so well.要不是要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。色。3)But that she was afr

7、aid,she would have said no.要不是要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。害怕，她会拒绝的。eg:1)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.2)Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.3)Iambusynow,otherwiseIwouldhelpyou.4)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownothingaboutit.5)Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?1)Ifhe_drun

8、k,hewouldnthavelostcontrolofthecar.A.wasntB.werentC.hasntbeenD.hadntbeen2)Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad4)_Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having3)_totelluseverything,wecouldtrytosolvehisproblem.A.IfheisB.WereheC.HadheD.Behe5)_tothedoctorrightawa

9、y,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone6)Ifwe_heretenminutesearlier,we_thebus.A.arrived/wouldcatchB.arrived/wouldhavecaughtC.hadarrived/hadcaughtD.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught7)IfI_moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave8)Ifhe_totheteacheratt

10、entively,he_theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow9)_,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou 10)Ifyouwereolder,I_youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.had

11、allowed 二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：1.1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语主语(should(should）动词原形，如：）动词原形，如：1).We suggested that the meeting should be held.2)The suggestion that the meeting should be held was rejected.3)It was suggested that the meeting should be he

12、ld.4)The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.5)It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.6)That is their demand that their wages be increased.suggestsuggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+do,(should)+do,这类动词的字头记忆口诀为这类动词的字头记忆口诀为:I drop caps.I drop caps.具体为具体为:insis

13、t,demand,desire,request(insist,demand,desire,request(请求请求),require,order,propose(),require,order,propose(建议建议),),command(command(命令命令),ask(),ask(要求要求),advise,),advise,prefer,suggestprefer,suggest注意注意:1)I insisted that John had done it.I insisted that John(should)do it.eg:Her expression suggested tha

14、t she was angry.insist1)表示坚持认为表示坚持认为2）表示坚持要求某人该）表示坚持要求某人该真实语气真实语气虚拟语气虚拟语气2)I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.Suggest表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气He suggested that we(should)go to school at once.2.在在Itsstrange/important/necessary/surprisingthat句式中句式中,that从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用(should)+do,如如:

15、注意：在这种句子中绝不可用注意：在这种句子中绝不可用“would”、“must”“could”等。等。eg:1)Its strange that he(should)not come.2)Its important that you(should)ask your parents for advice about your work.1)Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce.A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring 2)Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport_i

16、mmediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten4)Itisrequiredthatyou_atsix.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive 5)Heinsistedthathe_mebefore.A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.saw 6)Itisreallystrangethatthegirl_soearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.

17、wouldmarry 8)ItisimportantthatI_withMr.Williansimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak 7)HeinsistedthatJohn_it.A.doB.doesC.didD.woulddo 9)Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven Elcondorpass-PaulSimonIdratherbeasparr

18、ow（麻雀）（麻雀）thanasnail（蜗牛）（蜗牛）.YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.Idratherbeahammer（铁锤）（铁锤）thananail（钉（钉子）子）.YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.Away,IdrathersailawayLikeaswan（天鹅）（天鹅）thatshereandgoneAmangetstiedhisfeetonthegroundItgivestheworldItssaddestsound,Itssaddestsound.Idratherbeaforestthanastreet.

19、YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.Idratherfeeltheearthbeneathmyfeet,YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.三三、虚虚拟拟语语气气在在一一些些特特殊殊词词中中的的使使用用或或含含蓄蓄条条件件句：句：1.wish1.wish后的宾语从句：后的宾语从句：1)1)与现在愿望不一致与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时；主语过去时；2)2)与过去愿望不一致与过去愿望不一致 主语主语hadhad过去分词；过去分词；3)3)与未来愿望不一致与未来愿望不一致 主语主语wouldwould（could,could,shoul

20、d,mightshould,might）原形。）原形。eg:1)I wish(that)I were you.2)I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States.3)I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.2.If only2.If only引起的感叹句引起的感叹句1)If only he could come!他要能来就好了他要能来就好了2)If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。我要早知答案就好了。3)If only I

21、knew the answer!3.asif（though）引导的从句）引导的从句eg:1)Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.2)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere It seems as if it is going to rain.4.wouldrather,引引导导的的句句子子也也需需使使用用虚虚拟拟，表表示示过过去去的的情情况况用用过过去去完完成成时时，表表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：.eg:1)Id rather you posted the letter right a

22、way.2)Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.3)Id rather you painted the wall green next time.5.Its(high)time句句型型：当当Itstime后后用用that从句时应该为：从句时应该为：主语主语should原形原形主语过去时主语过去时eg:1)Its time that you went to school.2)Its time that you should go to school.6.表示祝愿时表示祝愿时,用用May+主语主语+动词原形动词原形,如如:1)Mayyousu

23、cceedinyourwork!2)Mayyoubehappy!1)Theboyacted_hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since2)IwishI_abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe3)Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe_tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome 4)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_q

24、uitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe 5)Butfortheparty,he_ofhunger30yearsago.A.wouldhavediedB.woulddieC.musthavediedD.mustdie 9)Idratheryou_rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave 7)Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveat

25、tended 8)Youtalkasifyou_there.A.werereallyB.hasreallybeenC.hadreallybeenD.wouldreallybe 6)Itshightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldtoB.wentC.goD.willgo 12)Hefeltasifhe_moretimetostudyforthetest.A.needsB.wereneededC.neededD.need 11)Itishightimewe_off.A.areB.wereC.beD.willbe 10)Withoutyourhelp,ourteam_thelastmatch.A.wontwinB.willloseC.wouldnthavewonD.cantwin 13)Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown