【课件】Unit+4Discovering+Useful+Structures课件人教版（2019）必修第一册.pptx

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1、The restrictive relative clause限制性定语从句1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.There are four people in my family.5.Look carefully at the example sentences above.6.The environment in the family is vital to a childs growth.7.What is the building being built in your

2、school?8.The Special Olympics began as a day camp created in 1963.9.Do you know the plan to be discussed at the meeting?10.China is a developing country that is developing rapidly.指出下列句子中的划线部分的词类：单个的词作定语多前置多前置短语或从句作定语须后置后置形容词物主代词名词数词方位副词介词短语现在分词短语过去分词短语带to的不定式短语从句定语从句定义：在句中作定语修饰、限定名词和代词或解释主句的主谓结构。结构

3、：先行词+关系词+从句先行词：定语从句修饰、限定的名词或代词。非限定从句伟先行句。关系词：代替被修饰、限定的先行词并引出从句、在从句中充当某 一成分的代词或副词关系代词或关系副词。关系代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语的引导词。关系副词：在从句中充当状语分别指时间、地点和原因的引导词。定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whom(宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语、表语)which(主语、主语、宾语宾语、表语、表语)whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语、表语)

4、where (地点状语地点状语)when (时间状语时间状语)why (原因状语原因状语)第四单元第五单元定语从句的关系词He is a student.He is a student He is reading a magazine.He reading a magazineHe works very hard.主要信息次要信息He borrowed it from her.主要信息次要信息主句从句主句从句who/that works very hard.which/that he borrowed from her.把次要信息句中的与主要信息句指代相同的词语替换为关系词，作主语、宾语、定语

5、用关系代词。He is my brother-in-law.He is my brother-in-lawHis sister is my wife.主要信息次要信息主句从句whose sister is my wife.关系代关系代词在从句中作主在从句中作主语关系代关系代词在从句中作在从句中作宾语关系代关系代词在从句中作定在从句中作定语把下列各组句子合并为一个主从复合句：1.The people are living a new life.They suffered the earthquake.2.She wants to find the kid.She met him yesterda

6、y.3.The house is my uncles.It stands by the river.4.This is the most exciting film.I have seen it.5.They live in a room.The window of the room faces south.The people who suffered the earthquake are living a new life.She wants to find the kid who she met yesterday.The house which stands by the river

7、is my uncles.This is the most exciting film that I have seen.They live in a room whose window faces south.彭祥吴文秀丁茜李楚祺张圣雪The people are living a new life.They suffered the earthquake.She wants to find the kid.She met him yesterday.The house is my uncles.It stands by the river.This is the most exciting

8、 film.I have seen it.They live in a room.The window of the room faces south.给下列各句添加一个词语使其成为一个主从复合句：1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano eruption.3.The supplies which were provide

9、d to the disaster area were collected from around the country.4.Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.6.He doesnt seem to be the man(that)he was ten years ago.徐钰莹史浩然范宸朱子樯刘露 周欣辉指人指物whosewhos

10、e主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语宾语定语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语定语关系代词=of whom=of whichthat whowhomwhosethatthatwhichwhich1.作宾语时关系代词可以省略。注意2.在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。1.The number of people _ come to visit this city each year reaches one million.2.The person _ you just talked to is Mr Li.3.They planted the trees _ didnt need mu

11、ch water.4.The fish _ we bought were not fresh.5.This is the house _ we lived in last year.that/who(that/who/whom)that/which(that/which)(that/which)用关系代词天空完成句子：用关系代词天空完成句子：张佳源丁欣怡王卉夏承慧陈灿 6.The earthquake _ hit San Francisco on April 18th shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of walls and

12、chimneys(烟囱).7.Tens of thousands of people _ had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.8.The team brings help and hope to those _ lives are changed by a storm,flood,earthquake or any other natural disaster.that/which who/thatwhose 赵磊方虹徐欣雨 9.The list of people to help has

13、been given is long.10.The team treated more than 3,000 people were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia,helped 2,500 wounded people after the earthquake _ hit Haiti in 2010,and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan(巴基斯坦).11.They have to be able

14、to do work is difficult under conditions can be very dangerous.who/thatthat/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom胡秦楷王鑫邱钰惠叶子馨毕慧that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976who have passed the examthe one that you boughtthat/which were writtenwhose mother died非指人时,只用that(不用which)的情况:1 Do you know the things and per

15、sons the things and persons thatthat they are talking about?2 Ive read allall the books thatthat you lent me.3 This is the very the very book thatthat Ive been looking for these days.4 The TV tower is the highest the highest building thatthat has been built in this city.5 This is the last the last t

16、rain thatthat leaves for Shanghai today.6 They secretly build a factory,whichwhich produced things thatthat could cause pollution.7 China is isnt the country(thatthat)it used to bebe.8 WhatWhat did you see thatthat made you so angry?9 The 9:15 train is the fastest train thatthat therethere has ever

17、bebeen.10 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the twotwo thatthat are still alive.先行词既有人又有物 先 行 词 是 不 定 代 词(all,much,few,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none)或被不定限定词修饰时,用that 先 行 词 被 the only,the very,the last,every,any,few,little,no,all 修饰时,用tha

18、t 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,用that 先行词是序数词或被序数词(含last,next)修饰时,用that 有两个定语从句,其中一个必须用which时,另一个用that 先行词是be后的表语或引导词作从句的表语时用that 主句以wh-开头(who,what,which)时用that 主句为存在句型或引导词在存在句中作主语时用that 先行词是基数词时用that关系代词that的特殊用法非指人时,只用which(不用that)的情况:1 Which is the house inin which Mary lives.Have you seen the film aboutabout

19、which they are talking?2 Hangzhou is a beautiful city,which I want to visit.3 Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.紧接在介词紧接在介词后时后时,不用that 非限定性定语从句中,不用that(在从句中作主语、宾语和定语替代先行词)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已经用了thatthat,另外一个最好用whichwhich关系代词which的特殊用法指人指人时用用who不宜用不宜用th

20、at的情况的情况 当当先先行行词词是是I,you,he,they等等人人称称代代词词或或指指人人的的不不定定代代词词(如如one,ones,anyone,anybody,all,none,those)时时 Anyone who does that must be mad.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have good manners will be highly respected.关系代词who的特殊用法关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词thatthat在从句中在从句中在从句中在从句中作表语作表语

21、作表语作表语的用法的用法的用法的用法 He doesnt seem to be the man(that)he was 10 years ago.The modern airplane is not the machine(that)it was when first invented.She was not the cheerful woman(that)she was before she was married.Even if John were a millionaire which he was not,he would not use a farthing of his wealt

22、h to benefit the people.He looked like a lawyer which he was.作作be表语且先行词是特指的，用表语且先行词是特指的，用that或省略。或省略。作表语但先行词是泛指时，用作表语但先行词是泛指时，用which或不省略。或不省略。1.在介词+关系代词的结构中，关系代词指人时只能用whom；指物时用which介介词+关系代关系代词2.“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的判定：A.根据先行先行词的的词义判定不同意义的名词用不同的介词B.依从句里的 动词、表表语形形容容词判 定 不同的动词或形容词用不同的介词 搭配某一名词In the dark st

23、reet,there wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help.此句中介词把动词短语turn for help与person关联起来，故用to。The gentleman _ whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.此句中介词关联先行词gentleman和从句谓语told me，故用about。China is a beautiful country,_ which we are greatly proud.此句中介词关联先行词country和从句形容词proud，故用of。

24、Do you still remember the dayday on which we met for the first time?On the whole,2009 was a difficult yearyear in which the government and United Nations agencies could not carry out activities as scheduled.The reasonreason for which he left the company was that he was not respected.There are discus

25、sions about the degreedegree to which the two funds might coexist.介介词+关系代关系代词C.依从句里的谓语与先行词判定不同先行词用不同介词与不同动词搭配 The professor made his first speech _ which he talked about some subjects the students were interested.此句中介词搭配先行词“报告”和从句谓语talked about some subjects，故用in。I dont think the number of the peopl

26、e _whom this happens is very large.此句中介词关联先行词people和从句谓语happen，故用to。D.依从句里的名词或数量与先行词的关系判定不同意义的名词之间用不 同的介词搭配 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price _ which was very reasonable.此句中介词搭配先行词vase和从句中的名词the price，故用of。Soon children in the camp had many new friends,withwith whom they sharedshar

27、ed food,stories and projects.Learning strategies,toto which(the)teachers attachattach/have attached importance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.The position forfor which you are applyingapplying requires good computer skills and fluency in English.Gun control is a subject aboutabout w

28、hich Americans have arguedargued for a long time.The old man whom I am looking looking afterafter is better.1 从句动词动词决定介词注意:介词与动词构成固定搭配固定搭配时,不能拆散,因此介词不能提前。陈灿张雨潇李楚祺张佳源 He told me some reference books withwith which I am not very familiarfamiliar.Well visit the Mountain Tai,forfor which Shandong is fam

29、ousfamous in the world.The two things aboutabout which I was not suresure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.The two thing ofof which they felt very proudproud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.2 从句形容词形容词和先行词先行词决定介词 吴文秀高丽凡罗榕许睿Sb.Sb.be be familiar with sth.某人熟悉某物=Sth.Sth.be familia

30、r to sb.be famous for sth.因著名 be famous as 以身份著名 Sb.be sure of sth.(对特定事物)确信 be sure about sth.(笼统)对有把握温馨提醒：注意区别同一形容词与不同的名词搭配温馨提醒：注意区别同一形容词与不同的名词搭配 He was injured the day day onon which he returned from abroad.She was killed in the year year inin which the earthquake happened.In Western Culture,21 w

31、as the ageage atat which young people traditionally received a key to their parents door,as a symbol of entering adulthood.Care of the soul is a gradual processprocess inin which even the small details of life should be considered.He came round the street cornercorner,atat which there was a book sta

32、nd.The beautiful dressdress inin which Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.He built a telescopetelescope throughthrough which he could study the skies.3 先行词先行词的搭配及句意句意决定介词 “用工具”，可用withThe househouse,the roofroof ofof which was destroyed in the fire,has been repaired.This i

33、s the largest clockclock in the world,ofof which the minute handthe minute hand is six metres long.Maria has written two novelstwo novels,bothboth ofof which have been made into television series.She brought with her three friendsthree friends,nonenone ofof whom I had ever met before.4 先行词与从句中的被饰词间的

34、关系先行词与从句中的被饰词间的关系或整体与部分关系决定介词注意:1 关系副词一般都可以换成“介词+关系代词”,但“介词+关系代词”不一定能换成关系副词 2 紧接介词后的关系代词不能省略,不能用that或who 代词代词代词代词 +of+ofPersonPersonThingThingall of+whom+whichany of+whom+which(a)few of+whom+whichboth of+whom+whicheach of+whom+whicheither of+whom+whichhalf of+whom+whichmany of+whom+whichmost of+whom

35、+whichmuch of+whom+whichneither/none of+whom+whichone of+whom+whichtwo of etc+whom+which先行词表示整体或部分时，从句用先行词表示整体或部分时，从句用“不定代词或数词不定代词或数词+of of +关系代词关系代词”引导引导:e.g.The colorless gas withoutwithout which we cannot livecannot live is called oxygen.I have found the hole throughthrough which the mouse came i

36、nto my came into my room room.7.全句的意思决定介词e.g.He lived in London for three months,duringduring which timetime he learned some English.Our English teacher,withwith whose helphelp we have made great progress in English,has completed thirty years of teaching.6.从句句意从句句意和和关系代词后面的名词关系代词后面的名词决定介词e.g.They ar

37、rived at a farmhousefarmhouse,in front of in front of which satsat an old man.5.从句中的谓语与先行词的关系谓语与先行词的关系决定介词 陈靓张希圣余飞逸张圣雪徐钰莹1 A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.A.that B.which C.with which D.to which 2 The position,however,_ you are applying,is not quite a well-paid

38、 one.A.that B.for which C.which D.to which3 The topic,_ we devoted a heated discussion last night,is a hot issue at present.A.in which B.to whom C.to that D.to which4 Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives _ you received gifts?A.from which B.from them C.from whom D.to whom5 Not all students

39、will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.A.in that B.in which C.for which D.for that用适当的介用适当的介词填空填空1.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread further,_ which New York is an example.2.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_

40、which appeared a rare rainbow soon.3.Gun control is a subject _ which Americans have argued for a long time.4.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction _ which she had come.5.We went through a period _ which communications were

41、 very difficult in the rural areas.6.He was educated at the local high school,_ which he went onto Beijing University.ofaboveaboutfrominafterP.52_Restrictive relative clauses add necessary information to sentences.Restrictive relative clauses add necessary information to sentences.Restrictive relati

42、ve clauses add necessary information to sentences.Restrictive relative clauses add necessary information to sentences.Restrictive relative clauses add necessary information to sentences.P.52whosewho(that)that/whichwhosewhomwho1 Fill in the blanks with that,which,who,whose,or whom.1 A disaster is a v

43、ery bad accident or a sudden event _ usually causes great damage and can ruin many peoples lives.2 The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter _ rescued her from the fire.3 A typhoon is an extremely strong wind _ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.4 The children _ parents could not be

44、 found were looked after by neighbours and friends.5 A tsunami is a very large wave _ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.6 People to _ much is given are people of _ much will be expected.P.90which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhom被给予很多的人是那些被寄予厚望的人。_毁了很多人的生活2 Use a restrictive

45、 relative clause to combine each pair of sentences.EXAMPLE The baby was crying.The baby was rescued from the building.(who)The baby who was rescued from the building was crying.OR The baby who was crying was rescued from the building.1 The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman.The womans family surv

46、ived the earthquake.(whose)_ _2 The soldier will remember the rescue worker.The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake.(with whom)_ _P.90 The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whosewhose family survived the earthquake.The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whomwhom he w

47、orked during the quake.2 Use a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences.3 The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks.The bricks covered the ground.(that/which)_ _4 My family will always be thankful for the people.We received aid from the people.(from whom)_ _5 The

48、people lost everything in the quake.We need to help them prepare for the coming winter.(who)_ _P.91 The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks thatthat/whichwhich covered the ground.My family will always be thankful for the people fromfrom whomwhom we received aid.We need to help the p

49、eople whowho have lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.3 Complete the passage with that,which,who,whose,or prep+whom.For people _ love the sun,summer is a time of fun.But for people _ families were destroyed by the super typhoon _ hit East China in July 2016,that summer was a t

50、ime of great sadness.The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people,left 61 missing,and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people.The victims _ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River.In the months _ have passed sinc