【课件】Unit+4定语从句课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.pptx

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1、1 定语从句定语从句 Attributive clause(I)定语从句的形式、意义、用法定语从句的形式、意义、用法2有关定语从句的几个概念有关定语从句的几个概念定语从句定语从句:attributive clause 先行词先行词:antecedent 关系代词关系代词:relative pronoun 关系副词关系副词:relative adverb3引导词引导词关系代词关系代词who/whomwhich thatwhoseas 关系副词关系副词whenwhere why 4关系代词关系代词who/whomwhich thatwhose51.It was felt in Beijing,wh

2、ich is more than two kilometers away.(P2 L2)2.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.(P1 L7)3.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.(P2 L8)4.Then,later that afternoon,another big earthquake which w

3、as almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.(P3 L7)5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P4 L4)6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose home had been destroyed.(P4 L8)Read the sentences aloud(1 minute):6Join the following sentences into one se

4、ntence.She was not in the train.The train arrived just now.The city is a rather modern one.I live in the city.The man pulled out a gold watch.Its hands were made of small diamonds.Shewasnotinthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.Thecitywhich/thatIliveinisarathermodernone.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,whoseha

5、ndsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.关系词的作用关系词的作用?1 1、连接作用：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；、连接作用：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；2 2、替代作用：在从句中、替代作用：在从句中替代替代先行词；先行词；3 3、成分作用：在从句中充当一个句子、成分作用：在从句中充当一个句子成分成分;7Join the following sentences into one sentence.The boy is called Jack.He broke the window.This is the girl.He worked with her in the office

6、.The girl is staying at home today.Her mother is ill.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledJack.Thisisthegirlwho/whom/thatheworkedwithintheoffice.Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.8Join the following sentences into one sentence.1.I met a boy.He can speak three languages.I met a boy who/that

7、can speak three languages.2.Anna was wearing a hat.It was too big for her.Anna was wearing a hat which/that was too big for her.3.A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that/which can fly.4.We saw some people.Their car had broken down.We saw some people whose car had broken down.9补充补充1

8、0that和和which在在指物指物的情况下一般都可以互换的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般多用一般多用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定等不定代词时或先行词被代词时或先行词被all,every,no,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。11This

9、 is the first English novel that my students have ever read.This is the best film that the little boy has ever seen(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰。修饰。This is the only thing that his mother can do for him.12（5）先行词同时指人和指物时先行词同时指人和指物时 We talked about the things

10、and persons that we saw then.(4)Who is the man that is standing over there?Which is the book that you want to borrow?（6）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，He is no longer the man that he used to be.13注意，先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。但是 a.当主句是以当主句是以who 开头的特殊疑问句时，为开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，最好不用了避免重复，最好不用who来引导定语从句，来引导定语从句，而用

11、而用that(宾格可以用宾格可以用whom)来引导。来引导。b.当先行词是当先行词是those时宜用时宜用who。c.当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用who。I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinesed.当一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一当一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个用个用that另一个宜用另一个宜用who。The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole

12、your wallet.14 注意注意:*I was the only person in my office _ was invited.who/that15定语从句解题步骤定语从句解题步骤:1.1.找主句找主句:关键是关键是:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分完整完整2.2.先行词先行词:3.3.将将先行词先行词代入到从句当中，判断其代入到从句当中，判断其 在从句中的成分，选用合适的关系在从句中的成分，选用合适的关系 词来替代先行词词来替代先行词 16Exercises17关系代词填空并判断是否可省略关系代词填空并判断是否可省略:1.Theman_Italke

13、dwithisourteacher.2.Aperson _stealsthingsiscalledathief.3.Theman_InoddedtoisMr.Li.4.Thesearethetrees_wereplantedlastyear.5.Thisrecorder_heisusingismadeinJapan.that/who/whomthat/whothat/who/whomthat/whichthat/which181.Doyouknowtheboy_fatherisanengineer?2.Ihavejustreadanewnovel_writerIhaveneverheardof

14、before.3.Ihavejustreadanewnovelthewriterof_Ihaveneverheardofbefore.whosewhosewhich19填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略Is he the man _ wants to see you?_ I saw yesterday?_ car broke down on the way?who/that(whom/that)whose20填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略This is the factory _ produces TV._ we visi

15、ted yesterday._ windows face south.the window _ faces south._ the window faces south.that/whichthat/which/不填不填whoseofwhichofwhich21考验！考验！Is this factory _ you visited last week?A.the one that B.whereC.that22 定语从句定语从句 Attributive clause(II)231.The man,_ factory my father works in,is a billionaire.2.R

16、ecently I bought a Chinese vase,_ price is reasonable.Recently I bought a Chinese vase,the price of _ is reasonable.whosewhosewhichFill in the blanks.241).This is the student _ I borrowed the book from.2).The pencil _ he was writing with broke.3).The man,_ daughter I worked with,looked down upon wom

17、en.who/whom/that/Xwhich/that/Xwhose=This is the student from whom I borrowed the book.=The pencil with which he was writing broke.=The man,with whose daughter I worked,looked down upon women.25介词介词+which(先行词是物先行词是物)介词介词+whom (先行词是人先行词是人)介词介词+whose(先行词是物或人先行词是物或人,作定语作定语)介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：The man(that/wh

18、o/whom)the nurse is looking after is over 90.after不可提前。不可提前。26This house is now worth$300,000.This house is now worth$300,000.He paid$150,000 for the house.He paid$150,000 for the house.This house,which he paid$150,000 This house,which he paid$150,000 forfor,is now worth$300,000.,is now worth$300,00

19、0.This house,This house,for whichfor which he paid he paid$150,000,is now worth$300,000.$150,000,is now worth$300,000.271 1、与先行词的搭配；、与先行词的搭配；2 2、与从句中的谓语动词的搭配；、与从句中的谓语动词的搭配；3 3、有时需要同时考虑从句中的动、有时需要同时考虑从句中的动 词和介词的搭配关系以及先行词和介词的搭配关系以及先行 词和介词的搭配词和介词的搭配;4 4、整句话的意义。、整句话的意义。介词的选用介词的选用?281.This is the car _whi

20、ch I bought.2.This is the car _which I spent 100$.3.This is the car _which the old man was knocked down.4.This is the car _ which we talked.5.This is the car _ which the window is broken.XonbyaboutFill in the banks using proper prepositions where necessary.of29关系副词关系副词 whenwherewhy关系代词关系代词who/whomwh

21、ich thatwhose关系词的作用关系词的作用?30 关系副词关系副词31Join the following sentences into one sentence.1.I know a garden./You can find wild strawberries in the garden.2.I know a garden./You can find wild strawberries there.I know a garden(which/that/X)you can find wild strawberries in.I know a garden in which you ca

22、n find wild strawberries.I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.323.We shall remember the days.We studied together during the days.4.We shall remember the days.We studied together then.We shall remember the days(which/that/X)we studi

23、ed together during.We shall remember the days during which we studied together.We shall remember the days when we studied together.335.He wanted to know the reason.I was late for the reason.6.The reason was not clear.He didnt come for the reason.He wanted to know the reason for which I was late.He w

24、anted to know the reason why I was late.The reason why/for which he didnt come was not clear.341.I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.2.We shall remember the days when we studied together.3.He wanted to know the reason why I was late.关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分wherewhenwhy地点名词地点名词地点

25、状语地点状语时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语reason原因状语原因状语(物物)35关键：关键：准确判断先行词指的是准确判断先行词指的是 “时间时间”还是还是“地点地点”36when 经常可以替换为经常可以替换为 during/on/in/at/+whichwhere 经常可以替换为经常可以替换为 in/at.+whichwhy =for+which1.I know a garden where/in which you can find wild strawberries.2.We shall remember the days when/during which we studied to

26、gether.3.He wanted to know the reason why/for which I was late.371.This is the village.I was born in the village.2.I dont know the reason.You quarreled with him for the reason.3.This is the factory.His father works there.This is the village in which I was born.This is the village where I was born.I

27、dont know the reason for which you quarreled with him.I dont know the reason why you quarreled with him.This is the factory where his father works.This is the factory in which his father works.38 I cant forget the days _ I spent in the army.I cant forget the days _ I stayed with the soldiers.This is

28、 the factory _ employs a lot of foreigners.This is the factory _ my father used to work.which/that/Xwhen/in whichwhich/thatwhere/in whichComplete the following sentences using which,that,prep.+which,where,when,why.39 The reason _ he gave to me is only an excuse.The reason _ he was absent from the me

29、eting is that his mother was badly ill.which/that/Xwhy/for which40Choose the best answers.1.Is this the room _ you once lived in?2.Is this room _ you once lived in?3.Is this the room in _ you once lived?4.Is this the only room _ you once lived in?5.Is this the only room _ you once lived?A.which B.wh

30、ere C.the one D.thatcBADA41填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略填入适当的关系词并判断是否可以省略Give me the reason _ you quarreled with him _ _ you quarreled with him.This is the reason _ he gave for being late.whyfor which(that/which)42 定语从句定语从句 Attributive clause(IV)43as?44as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有

31、时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.453.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反，反之则用之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as

32、was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.464.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.47应对策略应对策略as与与whi

33、ch引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：_位置位置含义含义记住口诀记住口诀：限限制制与与否否须须分分清清，逗逗号号主主从从泾泾渭渭明明；补补充充说说明明不不限限定定，that躲躲得得无无影影踪踪；主主语语宾宾语语不不能能省省，who与与whom来来争争功功；as,which作作用用大大，主主句句也可作先行也可作先行。记住口诀记住口诀：限限制制与与否否须须分分清清，逗逗号号主主从从泾泾渭渭明明；补补充充说说明明不不限限定定，that躲躲得得无无影影踪踪；主主语语宾宾语语不不能能省省，who与与whom来来争争功功；as,which作作用用大大，主主句句也可作先行也可作先行。4

34、83._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhichasthatwhich1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.Itisabigstone_nobodycanlift.asthat5._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As6.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_

35、Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,isDAthat辨析辨析that/as/which49Restrictive and Non-restrictive attributive clause限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句501.1.The extra information is necessary The extra information is necessary in the restrictive attributive clause.in the restrictive attributive clause.Wi

36、thout the extra information,we Without the extra information,we dont know who or what is spoken dont know who or what is spoken about.We dont use commas with about.We dont use commas with the restrictive attributive clauses.the restrictive attributive clauses.The village is beautiful.The village is

37、beautiful.Try to understand the following:Try to understand the following:The village The village where I was bornwhere I was born is is beautiful.beautiful.51Shaoxing is a famous city.Shaoxing is a famous city.The extra information can be left out in The extra information can be left out in the non

38、-restrictive attributive clause.the non-restrictive attributive clause.Without the extra information,it is still Without the extra information,it is still clear who or what is spoken about.We clear who or what is spoken about.We use commas with the non-restrictive use commas with the non-restrictive

39、 attributive clause.attributive clause.Try to understand the following:Try to understand the following:ShaoxingShaoxing,where Lu Xun was bornwhere Lu Xun was born,is a famous city.is a famous city.52定语从句其他内容定语从句其他内容定语从句其他内容定语从句其他内容 略略略略531 1、单项选择、单项选择2 2、改错、改错3 3、书面表达、书面表达怎么考？怎么考？定语从句考点归纳定语从句考点归纳54全

40、国：全国：Second,Igetalongwithotherseasily,whichisespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.北北京京：Heiswearingold-fashionedclothesthatdate back to the beginning of the twentiethcentury.江江苏苏：Neversayordoanythingthatharmstheimageofourmotherland.福福建建：To keep fit,we should have varioushealthy diets,which generally include

41、 properamountsoffish,meat,vegetables,fruitaswellasmainfood.高考书面表达范文中的高考书面表达范文中的定语从句定语从句全国：全国：Second,Igetalongwithotherseasily,whichisespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.北北京京：Heiswearingold-fashionedclothesthatdate back to the beginning of the twentiethcentury.江江苏苏：Neversayordoanythingthatharmstheimageofou

42、rmotherland.福福建建：To keep fit,we should have varioushealthy diets,which generally include properamountsoffish,meat,vegetables,fruitaswellasmainfood.55考什么？考什么？56（1）考点考点11.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrouserswhereshehadwipedherhands.2.If a shop has chairs where women can parktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretime

43、inshop.3.Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.4.After education she reached a point in hercareerwheresheneededtodecidewhattodo.定语从句考点归纳定语从句考点归纳575.Today,well discuss a number of caseswhere beginners of English fail to use thelanguageproperly.6.Those successful deaf dancer

44、s think thatdancing is an activity where sight mattersmorethanhearing.定语从句考点归纳定语从句考点归纳58定语从句中主谓一致情况定语从句中主谓一致情况1.Mr.Smithisoneofthoseforeignerswho_workinginChina2.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho_workinginChina.A.isB.hasC.haveD.are3.Youcangivethebooksto_needthemmost.A.anyoneyouthinkB.whoevery

45、outhinkC.youthinkwhoD.thosethatDAD59 不不 定定 量量 词词 或或 数数 量量 词词+of which表表 示示_的关系。的关系。Therearemanyteachersoverthere,oneof_anEnglishteacher.mostof_mathsteachers.andmostof_aremathsteachers.I bought a dozen eggs,_(其其中中六六个个)brokedownwhenIdroppedthebox.of_brokedownwhenIdroppedtheboxand_brokedownwhenIdroppedthebox.整体与部分整体与部分whomiswhomarethemsixofwhichwhichsixsixofthem