【课件】2023届高三英语一轮复习构词法课件.pptx

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1、Derivation派生法派生法Compound 合成法合成法Conversion 转化法转化法Blending 混合词混合词 Acronym 缩略词缩略词 构构词词法法知知识识一词多性一词多性Word-formation 构词法构词法 名词名词 -动词动词 hand n.手手 -vt.上交上交seat n.座位座位 -vt.nurse n.护士护士 -vt.oil n.油油 -vt.time n.时间时间 -vt.shoulder n.肩膀肩膀 -vt.坐坐护理护理上油上油定时，测时定时，测时肩负肩负1.1.转化法化法mine n.矿山矿山 -vt.barbecue n.烧烤烧烤-vt.sh

2、ip n.船船-vt.finance n.金融金融-vt.stain n.污点污点,污迹污迹-vt.draft n.草稿草稿-vt.head n.头头-v.transport n.运输运输-vt.开矿开矿在烤架上烤在烤架上烤用船装运用船装运 为为提供资金提供资金玷污，污染玷污，污染起草起草前进前进运输运输副词副词-动词动词 down adv.向下向下 -v.副词副词-名词名词nowhere adv.任何地方都不任何地方都不 -n.放下放下无处，无名的地方无处，无名的地方有两个或更多的词合成一个词。有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class class 班级班级 +room+room 房间房间 =c

3、lassroomclassroom 教室教室warm+heart+ed=warm+heart+ed=warmheartedwarmheartedgood+looking=good+looking=good-lookinggood-looking2.2.合成合成 :热心肠的热心肠的相貌好看的相貌好看的1.合成名词合成名词 (1)n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2)adj+n central bank fast food空调空调 血压血压所得税所得税 信用卡信用卡中央银行中央银行 快餐快餐2.合成法合成法 sol

4、ar system remote control (3)v-ing+另一词另一词 washing machine driving license (4)其他方式其他方式 by-product editor-in-chief太阳系太阳系 遥控遥控洗衣机洗衣机驾驶执照驾驶执照副产品副产品主编主编2.合成形容词合成形容词 (1)过去分词或带过去分词或带-ed词尾的词构成。词尾的词构成。absent-minded grey-haired (2)动词的动词的-ing 构成构成 English-speaking peace-loving心不在焉的心不在焉的头发灰白的头发灰白的说英语的说英语的热爱和平的热爱

5、和平的3.3.混合法混合法把两个词某部分联合起来合成为一个新词把两个词某部分联合起来合成为一个新词smoke+fog雾雾=smogmotor+hotel=motel Breakfast+lunch=brunchv截头截头aeroplaneplanetelephone-phonev去尾去尾examinationexamadvertisementad.mathematicsmathsv截头去尾截头去尾influenza-flu许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketbal

6、l Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)ID(identification)USA(United States of America)4.缩略法WWW=WorldWideWebCPU=CentralProcessingUnitPK=PlayerKillVIP=VeryImportantPersonIT=InformationTechnolog5.派生法 是通过在词根上加是通过在词根上加前缀前缀或者或者后缀后缀构成一个新词。构成一个新词。happy-happy-ununhappyhappydevelop-dev

7、elopdevelop-developmentment前缀一般只引起前缀一般只引起意思意思上的变化而不造成上的变化而不造成词类词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的错误的+understand v.理解理解 -misunderstand v.误解误解后缀一般只引起后缀一般只引起词性词性上的变化，上的变化，意思意思也也变变化。化。care v.照料照料 -careful adj.细心的细心的work v.工作工作 -worker n.工人工人(A)表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀：un-non-in-dis-im-il-ir-fair happy l

8、ock smoker active human direct agree appearunununpolitepossiblelegalreal regularinindisdisimimilirirnon-in(A)表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀：un-non-in-dis-im-il-ir-fair 不公平的不公平的 happy lock开锁开锁 smoker非吸烟者非吸烟者 active 不活跃的不活跃的 human非人的非人的 direct 间接的间接的 agree 不同意不同意 appear 消失消失unununpolite 没礼貌的没礼貌的possible 不可能的不可能的Lega

9、l非法的非法的real 不真实的不真实的regular不规则的不规则的inindisdisimimillirirnon-inunhappyinactivedisagreeunlocknon-smokerdisappearimpossibleillegalnon-drinkerdislikenon-stop flightthe indirect result of the wara strange inhuman sounda non-stop flight to Tokyo_ treatment 不公平的待遇不公平的待遇 with my opinion 不同意不同意他消失了。他消失了。unfa

10、irdisagreeHe disappeared.He disappeared in front of me.表示其他意思的前表示其他意思的前缀2.常见的表示其他意思的前缀有：前缀前缀意义意义例例 子子re-重新，再次 regainreformmis-错误的misunderstandmisleadanti-反、防anti-tankanti-socialex-前ex-presidentex-wifepre-预先previewpredictunhappyinactivedisagreeunlocknon-smokerdisappearimpossibleillegalnon-drinkerdisl

11、ikenon-stop flightthe indirect result of the wara strange inhuman sounda non-stop flight to Tokyo_ treatment 不公平的待遇不公平的待遇 with my opinion 不同意不同意他消失了。他消失了。unfairdisagreeHe disappeared.He disappeared in front of me.mis-misunderstand re-regain重获信心重获信心 重写重写 重建重建anti-anti-tank weaponanti-black movementex

12、-ex-boyfriendmy expreschool educationregain confidencerewriterebuild5.Choosethemeaningsoftheunderlinedwords1)Dontlistentohisnonsense.A.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsB.beautifulwordsC.clevertalkormeaningfulwords2)Hemisunderstoodme.A.understoodrightlyB.understoodwronglyC.didntunderstand3)Herenamedthere

13、staurant“Paradise”A.calledB.namedafterC.gaveanewname表示其他意思的前表示其他意思的前缀前缀前缀意义意义例例 子子post-之后的post-warpostgraduatefore-之前的forecastforeseesuper-超级；上层supermarketsupermansub-下面的；亚、次subwaysubtitleinter-之间的，互相interactinternational pre-prewar post-postwar fore-foretell,forecast,foresee,weather forecast super-

14、superstar,supermarket,superman,superpower sub-subway,submarine,subtitle inter-international,interclass 转化法转化法跟踪练习跟踪练习8.8日课程内容日课程内容Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1)Welunchedtogetheryesterday.()2)TolearnEnglishwellisamust.()3)Workhardoryoullbefiredbyyourboss.()4)Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingco

15、nditions.()5)Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.()6)Heisamanofstrongbuild.()吃午饭吃午饭必须做的事必须做的事开除开除改善改善;使使更好更好护理护理体格体格1)Mr.Zhang is the present leader of our school.2)All the teachers present are all English teachers.3)Yesterday he gave me a nice birthday present.1)（现任的）（现任的）2)（在场的）（在场的）3)（礼物）（礼物）表示其他意思的前

16、表示其他意思的前缀前缀前缀意义意义例例 子子trans-跨越；移transporttranslatesemi-半semi-finalsemiconductor（半导体）vice-副vice-premier（副总理）vice-chairmanuni-单uniformuniquebi-双bicyclebimonthlymulti-多multinationalmulticolorauto-自动，自主auto-doorautomobile trans-transplant,transformerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mi

17、ni-carunder-underground,underestimatesemi-semicircle,semiskilled,常见的常见的后缀后缀后后缀法法名名词后后缀后缀后缀例例 子子-or/erthinkerbuildertranslator-istphysicist（物理学家）dentist（牙科医生）typist-eeemployee（雇员）traineeinterviewee-(i)anphysician（内科医生）ItalianAmerican-eseChineseJapaneseVietnamese-antassistantcontestantservant后后缀法法名名词后

18、后缀2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有：-al,-ance,-ence,-(a)tion,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship等。例如：后缀后缀例例 子子-alarrivalrefusalsurvival-ance/-enceacceptanceassistancedependence-tion/-siondiscussionpreparationrepetition后后缀法法名名词后后缀后缀后缀例例 子子-icsphysicseconomicspolitics-ingbuildingweddinglearnin

19、g-tyrealityabilitydifficulty-ment argumentsettlementestablishment-nessgreatnesshardnesskindness-thwarmthlengthgrowth-urefailurepressuremixture-shipfriendshipleadershiprelationship后后缀法法形容形容词后后缀2.构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-ant,-ent,-ary,-en等。例如：后缀后缀例例 子子-able/-i

20、ble suitableresponsibleacceptable-alnaturalnationalpersonal-fulpowerfulfaithfulcolorful-lessfearlessuselesshelpless后后缀法法形容形容词后后缀后缀后缀例例 子子-ishselfishchildishbookish-ivecollectivedecisivenative-ousfamouscontinuousdelicious-ichistoricscientificelectronic-lyfriendlylivelylovely后后缀法法形容形容词后后缀后缀后缀例例 子子-(t)

21、ythirstynoisyhealthy-ent/-antpleasantdependentdifferent-arysecondaryimaginaryordinary-engoldenwoodenwoolen后后缀法法副副词后后缀3.构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly,-ward,-wise等。例如：后缀后缀例例 子子-lyterribly（可怕地）regularly（定期地）exactly（确切地）后后缀法法动词后后缀4.构成动词的常用后缀的有：-ise/ize,-en,-ify等。例如：后缀后缀例例 子子-ise/izerealize（实现）modernize（使现代化）summarize（

22、总结）-enwiden（加宽）strengthen（加强）darken（使变暗）-(i)fyverify（证实）modify（修饰）beautify（美化）1.Findtherootofthefollowingwordsandtellthepartofspeech.eg.information(n.)-inform(v.)1)helpful_2)perfectly_3)movement_4)expression_5)useless_6)disadvantage_7)impossible_8)unfriendly_perfect adj.help n./v.move v.express v.us

23、e v./n.advantage n.possible adj.friend n.2.(1)Heenlargedhisvocabularybyessentialreading.(2)Asweallknow,whenascientistmisuseshiswisdom(智慧智慧/才智才智),hewilldogreatharmtomanandsociety.使使扩大扩大误用误用 carefullymanagementkind3.Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthwordinthebracket:1)Youmustdotheexercises_.(ca

24、reful)2)Abusinesscantrunwellwithoutgood_(manage).3)Hewasso_(kindness)thathegavememanystorybooks With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，无条件的，绝对的的没有判断力的没有判断力的Summary猜词技巧猜词技巧 构词法构词法 1)反义词、同义词及近义词反义词、同义词及近义词2）以列举的句子为线索）以列举的句子为线索3）以因果或对比关系为线索）以因果或对比关系为线索4）以普通常识和逻辑推理为）以普通常识和逻辑推理为线索线索上下文线索上下文线索 派生法派生法合成法合成法转化法转化法