【课件】2023届高三英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析课件.pptx

《【课件】2023届高三英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【课件】2023届高三英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析课件.pptx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题第一讲 阅读理解命题规律解析阅读理解命题规律解析大数据120192022年全国卷题型统计分析2019-2022高考英语阅读理解大数据分析题型2022全国乙卷2021全国乙卷2020全国1卷2019全国1卷细节理解题9775推理判断题4657主旨大意题1122词句猜测题1111阅读理解命题规律解析大数据220192022年体裁及主题分布分析卷别题材及话题分布ABCD2022全国乙卷应用文艺术展及相关活动说明文图书述评说明文无人机改变铁路未来说明文征收软饮料糖税2021全国乙卷应用文世界最大的几座体育场说明文很多澳大利亚家庭选择座机的原因说明文废弃塑料雕塑引发塑

2、料垃圾关注说明文背景音乐对创造性思维的影响2020全国1卷应用文乘坐火车信息夹叙夹议重复阅读与自我提升说明文竞走运动及其与跑步的不同说明文发光植物照明2019全国1卷应用文面向学生的暑期工作公告记叙文小学生总统竞选活动说明文智能键盘防止身份信息盗窃说明性议论文受欢迎度对青少年的影响1.文章出处：英文原版书籍；国外期刊网站。2.体裁特点:考查全面,体裁题材以说明文为主,应用文、记叙文为辅，偶尔考议论文。3.题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词句猜测题为辅。3.主题语境:以人与社会为主，以人与自我、人与自然为辅。4.能力考查:文章信息量大,语篇含有多处结构复杂的长难句,对考

3、生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质及学习能力四个方面对学生的核心素养进行综合考察。命题规律阅读理解命题规律解析1.预计2023年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定,总体稳定,稳中求变;题材各异,体裁多样;角度趋稳,设问科学。2.题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词句猜测题。命题趋势阅读理解命题规律解析备考建议考生要加强对阅读速度及理解准确度的训练，并要重视向长文阅读的发展解答阅读理解最基本的原则忠于原文，在把握文章主题语境及主旨大意的基础上，根据题干在原文中找到确定正确选项的依据，即有理有据,不能主观臆断（注意：一定要把答案出处在文章中画

4、出来）解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较一定：读题干，定关键词 二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。阅读理解命题规律解析解题原则及解题步骤正确的答案的特征：1.与主题吻合 2.同义替换 3.语气委婉，不绝对化 4.正确答案常 出 现 在 两 首（首 段 各 段 首 句）两 尾（尾 段 及 各 段 尾 句）转 折 词 后(如but/yet/however/now等)及特殊符号处错误选项的特征：1.无中生有 2.以偏概全 3.偷换概念 4.过度推理 5.常识干扰 6.绝对化 阅读理解命题规律解析解题原则及解题步骤 1.What

5、 is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Sydneys striking architecture.B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.C.The key to Sydneys development.D.Sydneys tourist attractions in the 1960s.2.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A.He goes to work by boat.B.He looks forward to a new life.C.He pilots catamar

6、ans well.D.He is attached to the old ferries.3.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A.It is losing its traditions.B.It should speed up its progress.C.It should expand its population.D.It is becoming more international.4.Which statement will the author probably agree with?A.A city can be youn

7、g and old at the same time.B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.真题演练（一）段落大意题段落大意题细节理解题细节理解题推理判断题推理判断题推理判断题推理判断题 Sometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened

8、 in Sydney,Australia.The city discovered its harbor.Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of therebroad parks,superb beaches,and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilots Sy

9、dney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew shut down the engine,and we went our separate wayshe for a lunch break,I to explore the city.“I miss these old boats,”he said as we parted.“How do you mean?”I asked.“Oh,theyre

10、 replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but theyre not so elegant,and theyre not fun to pilot.But thats progress,I guess.”2022年全国甲卷 D篇 题材：主题：夹叙夹议作者通过陈述不同人的观点讨论了悉尼在发展的过程中是否应该摒弃旧的传统。Everywhere in Sydney these days,change and progress are the watchwords(口号),and traditions are increasingly

11、 rare.Shirley Fitzgerald,the citys official historian,told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself,”she said.“We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditi

12、onal one.Its a conflict that we arent getting any better at resolving(解决).”On the other hand,being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country,”he told me.“What peop

13、le forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia,brought 2000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3000 years,and the Chinese more still.Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right,but

14、 I cant help wishing they would keep those old ferries.真题演练 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过陈述不同人的观点讨论了悉尼在发展的过程中是否应该摒弃一些旧的传统。1.C段落大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“The city discovered its harbor.”以及最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知,第一段主要讲了悉尼发展的关键。故选C项。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I ll miss these old boats”和第五段第二句的“Catamarans a

15、re faster,but they re not so elegant,and they re not fun to pilot.”可知,Andrew喜爱(be attached to)这些旧的渡船(ferries)。故选D项。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句“.Sydney swept aside much of its past.”可知,它丢掉了传统的东西。故选A项。4.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“being young and old at the same time has its attractions”和最后一段“He is right,but I can t hel

16、p wishing they would keep those old ferries.”可知,作者赞同Anthony的观点,认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。真题演练5.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.6.What makes the inventio

17、n of the smart keyboard possible？A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.7.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A.Itll be environment-friendly.B.Itll rea

18、ch consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.D.Itll help speed up typing.8.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook C.A novel.D.A magazine.真题演练（二）细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题推理判断题：文章出处推理判断题：文章出处 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for bi

19、ometric（生 物 测 量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard prec

20、isely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can deter

21、mine peoples identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.2019年全国1卷C篇 题材：主题：说明文 文章主要介绍了一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的新型智能键盘。It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar

22、 with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,wit

23、h very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.真题演练 【文章大意】本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。5D【解析】根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二句“At present，these technolog

24、ies are still expensive，though”可知，现有的生物识别技术价格昂贵。根据第二段的第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard”可知，同样能够保护私人电子空间的智能键盘成本较低，故选D。6C【解析】根据第二段的内容可知，智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。原文没有信息支撑A、B项，可排除；根据第一段的内容可知，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，数据安全并未得到保障，故可排除D项。7B【解析】根据第四段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。8D【解析】本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。diary“日记”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小说”；magazine“杂志”，故选D。真题演练Thank you!