【课件】高中英语语法专题之独立主格与with的复合结构课件.ppt

《【课件】高中英语语法专题之独立主格与with的复合结构课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【课件】高中英语语法专题之独立主格与with的复合结构课件.ppt（48页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、（一）（一）独立主格独立主格结结构的构成：构的构成：名名词词(代代词词)+现现在分在分词词、过过去分去分词词名名词词(代代词词)+形容形容词词名名词词(代代词词)+副副词词名名词词(代代词词)+不定式不定式名名词词(代代词词)+介介词词短短语语构成构成（二）（二）独立主格独立主格结结构的特点：构的特点：1）独立主格）独立主格结结构的构的逻辑逻辑主主语语与句子与句子的主的主语语不同，它独立存在。不同，它独立存在。2）名）名词词或代或代词词与后面的分与后面的分词词，形容，形容词词，副，副词词，不定，不定式，介式，介词词等是主等是主谓谓关系。关系。3）独立主格）独立主格结结构一般有逗号与主句构一般有

2、逗号与主句分开。分开。The?test?finished,?we?began?our?holiday.,?we?began?our?holiday.=?=?When?the?test?was?finished,?we?began?,?we?began?our?holiday.our?holiday.例如：例如：例如：例如：1 1）考）考）考）考试结试结试结试结束了，我束了，我束了，我束了，我们们们们开始放假。开始放假。开始放假。开始放假。Weather?permitting,?we?are?going?to?visit?you?tomorrow.2 2）如果天气允）如果天气允）如果天气允）如果

3、天气允许许许许，我，我，我，我们们们们明天去看你。明天去看你。明天去看你。明天去看你。3 3）他）他）他）他夹夹夹夹着本厚着本厚着本厚着本厚书书书书，走出了，走出了，走出了，走出了图书馆图书馆图书馆图书馆。He?came?out?of?the?library,?He?came?out?of?the?library,?a?large?book?under?his?arm.一、独立主格一、独立主格结结构的构成形式构的构成形式1 1、逻辑逻辑主主语语+V-ing+V-ing这这种构成形式内部的种构成形式内部的逻辑逻辑主主语语是分是分词词的的动动作作执执行者行者，分，分词词表示的表示的动动作不是整句作

4、不是整句主主语发语发出的出的动动作，而作，而是其是其逻辑逻辑主主语发语发出出的的动动作。如：作。如：3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having beenCHestoodtheresilently,hislips_.?A.trembling?B.trembled?C.weretrembling?D.weretrembling?2 2、逻辑逻辑主主语语+V-ed+V-ed该该构成形式内部的构成形式内部的逻辑逻辑主主语语是分是分词词的的动动作承受者。作承受者。1)1)_,thetrainsta

5、rted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalB.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2)_,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.AfterthesignalwasgivenAD3)_,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplai

6、nednewwords4)_,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.BeingexplainednewwordsBA_,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.?A.Allthingsconsidering?B.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered4名词（或代词）+副词副词在独立主格结构

7、中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。Themeetingover,weallwenthome.Schoolover,weallwenthome.5名词（或代词）+介词短语Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.Helefttheoffice,tearsineyes.注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。但with的复合结构不受此限制。例如：Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.6名词（或代词）+不定式（短语）不定式表示将来的动作。Hesuggestedgoingfora

8、picnic,Marytoprovidethefood.Manyflowersandgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.7.There being+名词（代词）名词（代词）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。8 It being+名词（代词）名词（代词）ItbeingChristmas,thegover

9、nmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。独立主格的时态问题独立主格的时态问题独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构

10、在整句中可作以下成分：构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状、原因状语语该结该结构在句中作原因状构在句中作原因状语时语时相当于一个原因状相当于一个原因状语语从从句。如：句。如：1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday,the library doesnt 2)._Sunday,the li

11、brary doesnt open.open.A.ItbeingB.AsitisC.BeingD.AandBAD3._,I had to ask for two days leave.3._,I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Brother ill A.Mother being ill B.Brother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and CC.As mother was ill D.A,B and C4._,we have to work late into 4._,we have to

12、 work late into the night.the night.A.TheexamnearB.TheexambeingnearC.AstheexamisnearD.A,BandCDD2 2、时间时间状状语语独立主格独立主格结结构作构作时间时间状状语时语时相当于一个由相当于一个由when,assoonas,after等引等引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句。如：从句。如：1._,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.AfterthesignalwasgivenC.GiventhesignalD.AandB2._,thetextbecameeasierforust

13、olearn.A.NewwordsexplainedB.B.WhennewwordswereexplainedC.C.WhenteacherexplainednewwordsD.D.alltheaboveDD3、条件状、条件状语语独独立立主主格格结结构构作作条条件件状状语语时时可可以以改改为为由由if引引导导的条件状的条件状语语从句。如：从句。如：1)._,wellgotovisittheGreatWall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permitsC.IfpermittingD.AandB2.)_,the patient will recover hi

14、mselfsoon.A.IfthetreatmentisintimeB.ThetreatmentintimeC.ThetreatmentbeingintimeD.A,BandC DD4、伴随状、伴随状语语独立主格独立主格结结构作伴随状构作伴随状语时语时相当于一个介相当于一个介词词短短语语或并列或并列谓语谓语。如：。如：1).Wehavelessonseveryday,_.A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove2).Theboyfellasleep,_.A.caponheadB.withacaponhea

15、dC.acaponwasonheadD.alltheaboveAA 3.Father came home,_3.Father came home,_A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.beingfollowedbyadogD.alltheaboveD一、一、with结结构的构成构的构成它是由介它是由介词词with或或without+复合复合结结构构构构成，复合成，复合结结构作介构作介词词with或或without的复合的复合宾宾语语，复合，复合宾语宾语中第一部分中第一部分宾语宾语由名由名词词或代或代词词充当，第二部分充当，第二部分补补足足语语由形容由形容词词

16、、副、副词词、介、介词词短短语语、动词动词不定式或分不定式或分词词充当，分充当，分词词可以可以是是现现在分在分词词，也可以是，也可以是过过去分去分词词。补补充充说说明明with的复的复合合结结构构with/without+名名词词（代代词词）+现现现现在分在分在分在分词词词词过过过过去分去分去分去分词词词词形容形容形容形容词词词词副副副副词词词词不定式不定式不定式不定式介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语1 1、Shecameintotheroom，withhernoseredbecauseofcold.（with+名名词词+形容形容词词，作伴随状，作伴随状语语）2、Withthemealover

17、，weallwenthome.（with+名名词词+副副词词，作，作时间时间状状语语）3、Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。（with+名名词词+介介词词短短语语，作伴随状，作伴随状语语。）。）4、Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.（without+代代词词+不定式，作条件状不定式，作条件状语语）5、Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.（with+名名词词+现现在分在分词词，作伴随状，作伴随状语语）6、Withoutanythingleftinthecup

18、board，shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.（without+代代词词+过过去分去分词词，作，作为为原原因状因状语语）（一）（一）在句子中在句子中with结结构多数充当状构多数充当状语语，表示行表示行为为方式，伴随情况、方式，伴随情况、时间时间、原因或条件。、原因或条件。如：如：Helayinthedarkemptyhouse，withoutaman，womanorchildtosay.（with+名名词词+不定式，作伴不定式，作伴随状随状语语）2.with结结构作状构作状语时语时，不定式、，不定式、现现在分在分词词、和和过过去分去分词词的区的区别别：现现现现在分在

19、分在分在分词词词词 不定式不定式过过去分去分词词作状作状作状作状语语语语 表示正在表示正在发发生的生的或已或已发发生的生的动动作作 表示将要表示将要发发生的生的动动作作主主动动 表示被表示被动动或完成或完成 Withtheboyleadingtheway，wefoundhehouseeasily.（小男孩已（小男孩已领过领过路）路）Withtheboytoleadtheway，wewillfindthehouseeasilytomorrow.（小男孩明天将（小男孩明天将领领路）路）Helayonthebedwiththebedroomdoorshut.（寝室被关着）（寝室被关着）（二）（二）W

20、ith结结构在句中也可以作定构在句中也可以作定语语。如：。如：1.Ilikeeatingthemooncakeswitheggs.2.Fromspacetheearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobewithafewpatchesoflandstickingoutabovethewater.3.Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.典型例题典型例题Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback。A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC

21、.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.【现学现用】【现学现用】1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.A.followB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Allthings_,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.A.considered?B.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered3.Ther

22、iver_inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.A.toriseB.rose C.havingrisenD.beingrisen4.Moretime_,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.A.togiveB.giveC.beinggiveD.given5.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_.A.permitsB.permittingC.topermitD.permitted6.Themonitor_ill,wedbetterputthemeetingoff.A.being B.tobe C.b

23、een D.tohavebeen7.Animportantlecture_giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.A.tobe B.beingC.been D.tohavebeen8.Tom_lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.A.havingbeen?B.been C.tobe D.tobeing10.Otherthings_equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.A.being B.tobe C.beenD.havingbeen

24、11.Withnothing_toburn，thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leavingB.leftC.leaveD.toleave12.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights_.A.burnB.burntC.burningD.toburn13.Theoldmanstoodthere,_.A.withbackagainstthewallB.withhisbackagainstthewallC.withbackagainstwallD.hisbackagainstwall14.Thethi

25、efstoodbeforethepoliceman,_admittingwhathehaddone.A.withhisdroopingheadB.droopinghisheadC.raisinghisheadD.withhisheaddown15._,hecantgooutforawalkasusual.A.WithsomuchworktodoB.WithsomuchworkdoingC.WithsomuchworkdoneD.Withoutsomuchworktodo16._,wedliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfS

26、undayOK17._,wedliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC18._,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonCBeingstillontheplayD.AandBBDD17._,soyoucanwaitawhileA.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon18.He left the office,18.He left th

27、e office,_._.A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes D.with tears being in eyes19.He left the office _.19.He left the office _.A.withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tear

28、sbeingineyesCBBgoodbye1）Becauseourlessonswereover，wewenttoplayfootball._.2）Thechildrencamerunningtowardsusandheldsomeflowersintheirhands._.3）Mymotherisill，soIwontbeabletogoonholiday._.Rewritetheunderlinepartusing“with”Withourlessonsoverwithsomeflowersintheirhandswithmymotherbeingill1._（有很多工作要做），（有很多

29、工作要做），Icouldntgotoseethedoctor.TranslatetheChineseinbracketsintoEnglishtocompletethesentence.2.Shesat_（低着（低着头头）。）。Withalotofworktodowithherheadbent3.Thedaywasbright_（微（微风风吹拂）吹拂）.withafreshbreezeblowing1.1.Withnothing_toburn，thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leavingB.leftC.leaveD.toleave2.2.Thegirlsattherequitesilentandstillwithhereyes_onthewall.A.fixingB.fixedC.tobefixingD.tobefixed3.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor_tothesouth.（这这里里with结结构作定构作定语语）A.facingB.facesC.facedD.beingfaced4.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights_.A.burnB.burntC.burningD.toburn