2023年四级阅读题目含答案.docx

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1、Passage 1 Part II Reading comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questio

2、ns 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thats enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.Id watched hi

3、m for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child hed shoved. she says,I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, No, we dont push. What happened next was unexpected.The boys mother ran toward me from across the park. Stella says. I thought she was coming

4、over to apologise, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child. All I did was let him know his behaviour was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?Getting your own children to play nice is difficult

5、enough. Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefieldIn my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sisters house its encouraged. For her, its about kids being kids:If you cant do it at three, when can you do it?Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son

6、loves visiting his aunts house. But I find myself saying no a lot when her kids are over at mine. Thats OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when youre talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.Kids arent all raised the same. agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.

7、 But theres still an idea that theyre the property of the parents. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if youre saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then thats somehow a criticism of me.In those circumstances, its difficult to know whether to approach the child directly

8、 or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.Id go to the first. says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids,Usually a quiet reminder that we dont do that here is enough. Kids have finely tuned antennae(直觉)for how to behave in different settings.He points out that bringing it up with the par

9、ent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches,too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if theyre there and ask them to deal with it. she says.*

10、how to approach a parent in this situation. Psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: I know youll think Im silly but in my house I dont want.When it comes to situations where youre earing

11、for another child. White is straightforward:Common sense muse prevail. If things dont go well then have a chat.Therere a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. Now you cant do it without feeling uneasy about it. White says.Men might als

12、o feel uneasy about dealing with other peoples children. Men feel nervous, White says. A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.For Andrew Fuller, the child-centrid nature of our society has affected everyone. The rules are different now fro

13、m when todays parents were growing up, he says. Adults are scared of saying, Dont swear , or asking a child to stand up on a bus. Theyre worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out-either from older children, or their parents.He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public

14、good and public courtesy(礼貌), and says that adults suffer from it as much as children.Meredith Fuller agrees,A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.

15、Its about what Im doing an what I need, Andrew Fuller says.The days when a kid came home from school and said, I got into trouble , and dad said, You probably deserved it, are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.This jumping to our childrens defence is part o

16、f what fuels the walking on eggshells feeling that surrounds our dealings with other peoples children. You know that if you remonstrate (劝诫) with the child, youre going to have to deal with the parents. Its admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?Children have to learn to negotiate th

17、e world on their own, within reasonable boundaries, White says. I suspect that its only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school-better0educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenge

18、d. Today we have a situation where, in many families, both parents work, so the amount of time children get from parents has diminished, she says.Also, sometimes when we talk about being child-centred, its a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We re centred on them but i

19、n ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud or , rather than serve the best interests of the children.One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at

20、 the park, Bianchis intervention (干预)on her son;s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boys mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. Apparently the boy had a longstand

21、ing reputation for had behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.Andrew Fuller doesnt believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other peoples kids. Look at kids that arent your own as a potential minefield. he says. He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappro

22、priate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boys mother to do when she talked to him?A) Make an apology. C) Discipline her own boy.B) Come over to intervene.D) Take her own boy away.2. What does the author say about dealing with other peoples chil

23、dren?A) Its important not to hurt them in any way.B) Its no use trying to stop their wrongdoing.C) Its advisable to treat them as ones own kids.D) Its possible for one to get into lots of trouble.3. According to Professor Naomi White of Monash University, when ones kids are criticised, their parents

24、 will probably feel _.A) discouraged C) puzzledB) hurt D) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other peoples kids misbehave according to Andrew Fuller?A) Talk to them directly in a mild way.C) Simply leave them alone.B) Complain to their parents politely. D) Punish them lightly.5. Due to the

25、 child-centric nature of our society, _.A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticise kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point out kids wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a word where everyone is exhausted from

26、overwork and lack of sleep, _.A) its easy for people to become impatientB) its difficult to create a code of conductC) its important to be friendly to everybodyD) its hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) Theyd question the

27、 teachers. C) Theyd tell the kids to calm down.B) Theyd charge up to the school. D) Theyd put the blame on their kids.8. Professor White believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be _.9. According to Professor White, todays parents treat their children as something they _.10.A

28、ndrew Fuller suggests that, when kids behave inappropriately, people should not _.参考答案1. Amake an apology. 相应原文第7行 I thought she was coming over to apologise2. DIts possible for one to get into lots of trouble 相应原文第10行 Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield,其中minefield指的是雷区，表白比较难

29、于解决的问题3. Bhurt 相应原文第一页倒数第10行then thats somehow a criticism of me4. ATalk to them directly in a mild way. 相应原文第一页倒数第6行 usually a quiet reminder that “we dont do that here” is enough.5. Cpeople are reluctant to point out kids wrongdoings. 此题难度较大，需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行 For Andrew Fuller, the chil

30、d-centric nature of our society has affected everyone, “The rules are different now from when todays parents were growing up.6. BIts difficult to create a code of conduct. 相应原文第二页第16行7. DTheyd put the blame on their kids 相应原文第二页20行 “I got into trouble”, and dad said, “ You probably deserved it.”8. c

31、hallenged9. can be proud of10. stay silentPassage 2 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, chiose the best answer from the four

32、choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candid

33、ate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her seco

34、nd choice.“It wasnt until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadnt known at the time of the interview was that the candidates “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Amer

35、ican raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with beh

36、aviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers wh

37、o can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .“During my Mindsets coaching ses

38、sion ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool

39、that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learn

40、ed I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I woul

41、d have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with

42、her children and not travel .”Dales assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organizations ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I ne

43、eded to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my w

44、orkshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just pa

45、ssed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is o

46、ne of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .“Attending the diversity workshop

47、 helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more inclusive to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improv