2023年人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点.doc

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1、U5(BX5)First aid Languagepoints1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb帮助某人去做. aid sb to do在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.n /U/帮助; 援助在某人的帮助下with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He

2、 raised money in aid of the sick.知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助come to sb.s aid 帮助某人cut off aid （忽然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护2. temporary 暂时的，临时的temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法 3. fall illfall+ adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHis wife suddenly _ _ l

3、ast week.She has _ _ for a week.fell illbeen ill4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态The computer got damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured受伤get dressed穿衣服get damaged遭到破坏get changed 改变get

4、married结婚get infected被感染get broken被弄破get lost迷失，走失5 injure v. _ n. _ adj.injury to sth. （部位）的伤He got _ at work. 他干活时腿受了重伤。(injury)He _ in the accident. 他在意外事故中受了伤。(injure)injuries to the legsgot injuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛injure意外或事故而受伤wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）woundedinjuredhurthurtinjuredHe g

5、ot _ in the fighting.He was badly _ in a car accident.Her words _ me deeply.I _ my back when I fell.My feet _ .6. bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.) (adj.)His nose was bleeding. = He wasbleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleed for为而流血, 悲痛bleed to death出血过多而死lose blood流血、失血flesh and blood血肉之躯7

6、. choke vi. & vt. 窒息; 阻塞She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear听到这则噩耗，他克制不住自己的眼泪。The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8.essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的1)Sun and water are essential to the grow

7、th of crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目的。3)It is essential that you (should) win the votershearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。-当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形 。9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,act as 作为.barrier 屏障,障

8、碍物,隔阂You should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrieragainst 反对,阻止whichact asbarrier定从10poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisons must be put out of childrens reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼导致毒害。3)Books of this kind can make poison to child

9、ren.这类书会对儿童导致毒害。4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-poisonous adj. 有毒(害)的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11.protectagainst/ from保护不受的损害preventfrom doing 阻止Wear sunglasses to _.You need warm

10、clothes_.Nobody can _ (阻止他们结婚)protect your eyes from strong lightto protect you against cold prevent them from getting marriedIt is my duty to _ my students from being hurt when they are in danger. DA. prevent B. save C. stop D. protectprevent sb. (from) doingstop sb. (from) doingkeep sb. from doing

11、12. sense (n. & v.)five senses：sense of smellsense of hearingthe sixth sensesense of touchsense of sightsense of tastesense ofhumour、duty、directionThe man has no common sense . (无常识)What he said made no sense.(没道理)sense (v.) 感觉到Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didnt like the idea.(

12、我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious；从句为：as you can imagine.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如”或“就象”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。此外，该句的主句中还具有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are

13、 not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，这些农田假如保护不妥迟早会变成沙漠。as we all know = as is known to all as we expect = as is expected as everybody can seeas you can imagine14.various 不同的，各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in

14、 size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同Opinions vary on this point.15. vary (with sth); (from sth to sth)change , esp according to some factor改变, 变动, 变化（尤指随着某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉variety n. 变化，多样性，种类We all ne

15、ed variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致16.depend on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任His whole familydepends on him他全家都靠他养活. He isamanto be dependedon他是个可以信赖的人dependent ( adj. ) dependence ( n. )independent ( adj. )independence (n.)17. mild-milder-

16、mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.mild在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。如：Edward suffered from a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。mild还可以表达“温和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如：Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了a mild climate 温

17、暖的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪gentle/soft/ mild The punishment is very _ .The weather is _ .I like a _ pillow.He was a person of _ birth. (身世良好)He spoke in a _ voice.mildmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/ mild18. 词语辨析:electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical有关电的,与电有关的.electricity电,电力. 电力学electric generator 发电机, electric

18、 cooker 电炉,electric iron 电熨斗, electric engineer 电机工程师19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen使膨胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大，The wind swelled the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell (up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。a small busines

19、s swelled into a big company.壮大4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. 有了奉献不要沾沾自喜。swell with pride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲The doctor examined the swelling on my back.swollen adj. 肿胀的 His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了。20.stickstick sth. to sth. 粘住Stick the glue to my fingers.stick to doing sthst

20、ick to 坚持stick to ones view坚持自己的观点21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称) 不可数jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物The _ were kept in the safe.Many women like to buy as much _ as possible.Father always says I am his _ .jeweljewelleryjewelsShe appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewelle

21、ry box.My sister has _ .A. a piece of jewellery B. a jewelleryC. a little of jewels D. a bit jewellery22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-y是个形容词后缀。如： windy有风hilly多小山的 sleepy困倦的 greeny略呈绿色的 spicy辛辣的 woody树木茂密的23. unbearable不能忍受的 un不能.,无法. unforgettable unwilling un

22、usual uncertain unfairunfitunbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable24. squeeze 挤；压；塞sth. into sth. 把塞进 sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出through 挤过sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出sb in 挤出时间见某人crocodile squeezed a tear.I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her

23、 grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentivelyAlthough I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclock Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。Ill never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of meThe little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from

24、the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and overagain and againover and again many timesrepeatedlyfrom time to timenow and thennow and againSometimesAt timesOn occasions26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。in place在适当的地

25、方。如：The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。Youd better put things back in place.你最佳把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）in place 尚有“准备就绪”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。With everything in place, she st

26、arted the slide show.27.Pour1. 倒,灌,注She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。 2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3 倾吐,诉说She often pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词 vi. 1. 倾泻,涌流The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。

27、 Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。 2. 斟茶Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗?3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down)The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不断地倾盆而下。 Pour cold water on/over对泼冷水Pour oil on the flames火上浇油Pour oil on troubled waters平息风波I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. There are over 115 different kinds of _ (poison) snakes in Australia

28、.2. Doctors in that hospital are developing a new _ (treat) for cancer.3. He is a _ (mildly) person who never shouts.poisonoustreatmentmild4. This machine has an _ (electric) fault.（与电有关的）5. His face was _ (swell) up with toothache.6. If he _ (blood) too much, his life will be in danger.7. His foot

29、was burned by hot water and there were several _ (water) blisters on it.swollenbleedswateryelectricalII. 根据句意, 选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。1. protect; defenda. Taking an umbrella can _ you from rain.b. Schools should give children lessons on how to _ themselves.protectprotect / defend2. wound; injure; hurta

30、. She was badly _ when she fell off her bike.b. His leg _ when he walks.c. The soldier got a serious _ in the war.hurt / injuredwoundhurts3. insist on; stick to a. Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.b. They _ leaving that day.c. He always _ his promise.sticks tostick toinsisted on4

31、. cut off; cut out; cut upHe was _ the meat and wanted to make dumplings.b. You can _ the unimportant details.c. The village was _ by heavy snow for a month.cut off cutting upcut outIII. 用适当的介词填空。1. We dont want to hear your opinions; stick _ the facts.2. The robber robbed the bank _ force.3. Whethe

32、r we will have a picnic tomorrow depends _ the weather.4. He was _ great pain after he broke his arm.tobyonin / of5. They decided to join to fight _ the enemy and defend their country.6. As soon as all the chairs are _ place, we can let the people in.Dont take any notice _ what he says.8. _ the aid

33、of our teacher, we got through all the difficulties.WithagainstinofV. 下列各句均有一处错误, 请指出并改正.If you want to change for a double room, youll have to payother30 yuan. another2. First the curtain caught a fire and then the bed clothes. it3. I like that in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.4.

34、To my disappointment, noneof my parents answered the telephone. neither5. She knew there was no doubt whether he was lying to her. that6. It was in the street where I met John. that7. The speech is in the place for this occasion.VI. 根据括号内所给的提醒将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他被年轻人挤出了人才市场。(squeeze out of)He was squeeze

35、d out of the job market by young people.2. 我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事。 (over and over again)Ive warned you over and over again not to do such silly things.3. 用胶带固定好绷带。 (in place) Hold the bandage in place with tape.4. 风暴对庄稼没导致多大的破坏。(do damage to)The storm didnt do much damage to the crops.5. 我不怀疑他能准时完毕任务。

36、 (doubt)I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.6. 坚持做完一件事。 (stick to)Stick to a task until it is finished.7. 法律一旦被制订,就应当被认真执行。 (carry out)Laws must be carried out seriously once made.8. 正是那个护士的快速反映和急救知识挽救了男孩的生命。It was the nurses quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved the boy.Re

37、ading2 1 baward, reward, prizeaward 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最杰出的学生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表达由于做了某事而应当得到的东西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundred

38、s of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.参与我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_.A. rewardsB. prizesC. awardsD. results2. The mayor _ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake

39、victims.A) rewarded B) awardedC) credited D) prized一. award 与reward 词义辨析AB3. The police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robbers arrest. A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward D2.Honor n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬;名誉Its a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引认为荣的人/事，只

40、用单数。(D) The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.do sb an honor /the honor （of doing sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？in sbs /sths honor出于对的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of ，为纪念，为庆祝

41、A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。Honorv.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）1 honor sb/sth （ with sth）The President honored us with a personal visit.2be honored for因而受到尊敬Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel hon

42、ored that很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做。I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 来宾3 present v.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1. 赠送present + sth. +to +sb.

43、 把某物送给某人present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物2.introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。3.show显示,呈现a smiling face显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的” 作后置定语,“出席的,在场的the present membersthe members presentn.gift 礼物相关短语：the pr

44、esent day 今天(=today) at presentat the present timenow 现在for the present 暂时the present 现在(相称于名词)be present at出席;到场4).ceremonyn. (C)典礼；典礼(U)礼节；礼仪；客套The wedding ceremony was beautiful.There is no need for ceremony between us.Expressions:stand on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套with ceremony 正式；隆重without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的典礼欢迎