PM-项目管理-1概述8551.pptx
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1、Project ManagementChap.1 Introduction-概述概述12011春夏学期授课版Agenda-本章需要解决的问题本章需要解决的问题nWhy need Project Management?nPM&Software characteristicsnProblems in SW development and SPMnChallenge of SW development22011春夏学期授课版现代管理的三个热点:现代管理的三个热点:战略管理战略管理项目管理项目管理运作管理运作管理 就就一一个个组组织织的的管管理理而而言言,应该包括三个部分。应该包括三个部分。1.1.战
2、战略略管管理理:从从宏宏观观上上明明确和把握发展方向确和把握发展方向2.2.运运作作管管理理:对对日日常常的的、重复性工作的管理重复性工作的管理3.3.项项目目管管理理:对对一一次次性性的的、创新性工作的管理创新性工作的管理 由由于于项项目目管管理理的的效效率率高高、反反映映灵灵敏敏,所所以以运运用用的的企企业业更多。更多。32011春夏学期授课版nMore dregs project of bean curd?qIllogical objective(时间)qjerry-build(成本)qSubcontract(手续)nNot refund loan?qRisk Management(风险
3、)nMore Unsuccessful infoing project?qBackbone job-hopping,manpower alteration(人力资源)qRequirements changed(范围)Why?42011春夏学期授课版In 21st,everything is project,or is becoming ProjectPaul GracePaul GracePresident of PMI Professionals certification committee52011春夏学期授课版Important 2 jobs for futuresnTechnique
4、s innovation技术革新的典范技术革新的典范-优选法优选法nProject management没有项目管理就没有现代产业没有项目管理就没有现代产业n Hua Luogeng华罗庚华罗庚62011春夏学期授课版46%46%26%26%28%28%SuccessUS Standish Group,US Standish Group,对对19991999年当年年当年年当年年当年软软件件件件项项目的目的目的目的统计统计failingStatistics of Success and failing for IT Project有有问题的的项目目Over budget,Over budget,
5、over timeover timeEtc.Etc.72011春夏学期授课版PM History 项目管理,远自几千年前的人类文明,近如现项目管理,远自几千年前的人类文明,近如现代工业领域。例如代工业领域。例如n Great Wall of China,Egyptian Pyramids(金字塔)n 航空航天工程项目航空航天工程项目 and 建筑工程项目建筑工程项目82011春夏学期授课版History of Project ManagementnModern project management began with the Manhattan Project,which the U.S.m
6、ilitary led to develop the atomic bombnIn 1917 Henry Gantt developed the Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in job shopsnIn 1958,the Navy developed PERT chartsnIn the 1970s,the military began using project management software,as did the construction industrynBy the 1990s,virtually every indus
7、try was using some form of project managementq1985:TQMq1990-93:Re-engineering,self-directed teamsq1996-99:Risk mgmt,project officesq2000:M&A,global projects92011春夏学期授课版PM developmentnCPM,PERTnNowqPM applications is more and moreqPeoples,customer-oriented,soft management102011春夏学期授课版Project Managemen
8、t Knowledge Continues to Grow and MaturenPMI launched their Center for PM Knowledge and Wisdom in December 2001nPMI hosted their first research conference in June 2000 in Paris,France,second one in July 2002nThe PMBOK Guide 2000 Edition is an ANSI standard,and PMIs certification department earned IS
9、O 9000 certificationnHundreds of new books,articles,and presentations related to project management have been written in recent years112011春夏学期授课版How Project Management(PM)Relates to Other DisciplinesnMuch of the knowledge needed to manage projects is unique to PMnHowever,project managers must also
10、have knowledge and experience inqgeneral managementqthe application area of the projectnProject managers must focus on meeting specific project objectives122011春夏学期授课版PM Triple Constraintn每一个项目都会受到范围目标、时间目标和成每一个项目都会受到范围目标、时间目标和成本目标的约束本目标的约束n这三个目标又经常存在冲突,一个合格的项目这三个目标又经常存在冲突,一个合格的项目经理,其责任之一就是平衡三者的关系经理
11、,其责任之一就是平衡三者的关系n在此过程中,由于项目的不确定性和资源使用在此过程中,由于项目的不确定性和资源使用的竞争性,平衡往往成为权衡的竞争性,平衡往往成为权衡n因此,成功的项目管理,就意味着同时实现范因此,成功的项目管理,就意味着同时实现范围、时间和成本三个目标,并让项目利益相关围、时间和成本三个目标,并让项目利益相关者满意!者满意!132011春夏学期授课版In what ways do modern projects differ from ancient projects?现代人们对项目及其管理有一些什么样的认识和做法?142011春夏学期授课版Projects may be un
12、der anFunctional OrganizationnMatrix OrganizationnProject Organization152011春夏学期授课版Five functions of the PM nPlanningnOrganizingnLeadershipnControlnChange162011春夏学期授课版Classical ApproachnAssumes there is a universal set of management principles采用公认的管理原则采用公认的管理原则nBehavioral Approach:emphasis on human
13、aspects强调人性化强调人性化nSystem Approach采用系统论的方法采用系统论的方法172011春夏学期授课版Software needs management182011春夏学期授课版Software needs managementnSoftware characteristics特性特性nCost Structure成本成本nIndustrial Problems产业产业nSoftware Disaster危机危机nProblems in Software Techniques技术进步技术进步nPosition in SE Knowledge structure知识结构知识
14、结构192011春夏学期授课版Software characteristicsnEssentials:logic elements,not entitative elements.nDeveloping Software,and producing product.nNo wear and tear in usingtimeFailing probabilityTub curve of product202011春夏学期授课版Software characteristics(cont.)timeFailing probability不愿看到的real curve of SD期望的Ideal c
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