2015届人教版中考英语语法点击课件【9】动词的时态与语态（65页）.ppt

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1、专题专题 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态考点直击考点直击 1 1动词的的时态初中初中阶阶段段应应掌握的掌握的时态时态共有八种，即一般共有八种，即一般现现在在时时、一般、一般过过去去时时、一般将来、一般将来时时、过过去将来去将来时时、现现在在进进行行时时、过过去去进进行行时时、现现在完成在完成时时和和过过去完成去完成时时。以以dodo为为例，常用的八种例，常用的八种时态时态的构成及常与之的构成及常与之连连用的用的时间时间状状语语如下表所示：如下表所示：专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态时态时态 结结构构 常用的常用的时间时间状状语

2、语一般一般现现在在时时 do/does do/doesoften,always,someoften,always,some times,times,usually,once a week,at timesusually,once a week,at times等等一般一般过过去去时时 did didyesterday,last year,just now,yesterday,last year,just now,agoago等等一般将来一般将来时时 am/is/are going to am/is/are going to do do 或或 will/shall dowill/shall do

3、tomorrow,next week,soon,in a tomorrow,next week,soon,in a monthmonth等等过过去将来去将来时时was/werewas/weregoing to dogoing to do或或 would dowould dothe next daythe next day等等专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态现现在在进进行行时时 am/is/are doing am/is/are doingnow,these days now,these days 等等过过去去进进行行时时was/were was/were doingdoinga

4、t this time yesterday,at that at this time yesterday,at that time,whentime,when引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句等从句等现现在完成在完成时时has/have donehas/have donealready,yet,ever,neveralready,yet,ever,never，justjust，beforebefore，once,twice,so far,for once,twice,so far,for three days,since two days ago,three days,since two day

5、s ago,recentlyrecently等等过过去完成去完成时时 had donehad donebefore,whenbefore,when引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句，从句，byby过过去去时间时间 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2动词的五种基本形式的五种基本形式1 1英英语语中中动动词词的的五五种种基基本本形形式式：动动词词原原形形，第第三三人人称称单单数数形式，形式，现现在分在分词词，过过去式和去式和过过去分去分词词。其构成如下表所示：。其构成如下表所示：专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态形式形式构成构成例例词词动词动词原形原形即即动词动词本

6、身本身 have,eat,go,playhave,eat,go,play第三人称第三人称单单数形式数形式1)1)一般直接加一般直接加 s slooklooklookslooksrunrunrunsruns2)2)以以“辅辅音字母音字母y y”结结尾的尾的词词，先，先变变y y为为i i，再加，再加 esesstudystudystudiesstudiescrycrycriescriescarrycarrycarriescarries3)3)以以s,x,o,ch,shs,x,o,ch,sh结结尾的尾的词词，在在词词尾加尾加 eseswashwashwasheswashesteachteachte

7、achesteachesgogogoesgoesfixfixfixesfixes专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态现现在分在分词词1)1)一般直接加一般直接加 ingingtalktalktalkingtalkingreadreadreadingreading2)2)以不以不发发音字母音字母e e结结尾的尾的词词，去掉，去掉e e再加再加 ingingcomecomecomingcomingdancedancedancingdancingmakemakemakingmaking3)3)以重以重读闭读闭音音节结节结尾且末尾只有一尾且末尾只有一个个辅辅音字母的音字母的词词，先双写，先

8、双写该辅该辅音字音字母，再加母，再加 ingingrunrunrunningrunningsitsitsittingsittingbeginbeginbeginningbeginning4)4)少数以少数以ieie结结尾的尾的词词要要变变ieie为为y y，再加再加 ingingdiediedyingdyinglielielyinglyingtietietyingtying专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态过过去式与去式与过过去分去分词词(规则变规则变化化)1)1)一般直接加一般直接加 ededhelphelphelpedhelpedhelpedhelpedwatchwatchw

9、atchedwatchedwatchedwatched2)2)以不以不发发音字母音字母e e结结尾尾的的词词，直接加，直接加 d dlivelivelivedlivedlivedlivedarrivearrivearrivedarrivedarrivedarrived3)3)以重以重读闭读闭音音节结节结尾且尾且末尾只有一个末尾只有一个辅辅音字母音字母的的词词，先双写，先双写该辅该辅音字音字母，再加母，再加 ededstopstopstoppedstoppedstoppedstoppedplanplanplannedplannedplannedplannedpreferpreferpreferr

10、edpreferredpreferredpreferred专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2.2.巧巧记记不不规则动词规则动词的的过过去式和去式和过过去分去分词词(A(A代表原形，代表原形，B B代表代表过过去式，去式，C C代表代表过过去分去分词词)(1)ABB(1)ABB型型buildbuildbuiltbuiltbuiltbuiltcatchcatchcaughtcaughtcaughtcaughtfeelfeelfeltfeltfeltfelt hearhearheardheardheardheardkeepkeepkeptkeptkeptkept paypaypaid

11、paidpaidpaidleadleadledledledled lendlendlentlentlentlentwinwinwonwonwonwon专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态(2)ABC(2)ABC型型beginbeginbeganbeganbegun breakbegun breakbrokebrokebrokenbrokendrivedrivedrovedrovedriven eatdriven eatateateeateneatenblowblowblewblewblown drawblown drawdrewdrewdrawndrawnswimswimswams

12、wamswumswum wakewakewokewokewokenwokenfallfallfellfellfallenfallen专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态(3)AAA(3)AAA型型costcostcostcostcost cutcost cutcutcutcutcuthithithithithithit hurthurthurthurthurthurtreadreadreadreadreadread putputputputputputletletletletletlet setsetsetsetsetsetshutshutshutshutshutshut spre

13、adspreadspreadspreadspreadspread专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态3 3常用八种常用八种时态的中考的中考热点透析点透析1 1条件状条件状语语从句。从句。when,as soon as when,as soon as 等引等引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句和从句和ifif引引导导的条件状的条件状语语从句用一般从句用一般现现在在时时代替一般将来代替一般将来时时。如：如：Ill go to see him when I have time.Ill go to see him when I have time.我有我有时间时间的的话话，就去看他。，就去看他。

14、If he calls,tell him Ill ring back.If he calls,tell him Ill ring back.如果他打如果他打电话电话来，告来，告诉诉他我会他我会给给他回他回电话电话。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2非延非延续续性性动词动词come,go,leave,start,finishcome,go,leave,start,finish等常用等常用其其进进行行时时表达将来之意。如：表达将来之意。如：I am leaving for Japan tomorrow.I am leaving for Japan tomorrow.明天我要明天

15、我要动动身前往日本。身前往日本。3 3“be going tobe going to动词动词原形原形”也可表示根据已有迹象，判也可表示根据已有迹象，判断可能要断可能要发发生的情况。如：生的情况。如：Look at the black clouds!It is going to rain.Look at the black clouds!It is going to rain.看那些看那些乌乌云！云！马马上要下雨了。上要下雨了。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4在在现现在完成在完成时时中，如果有持中，如果有持续续的的时间时间状状语语，要把非延，要把非延续续性性动词变为动词变为

16、延延续续性性动词动词。常用的非延。常用的非延续续性性动词变动词变延延续续性性动词动词如如下表：下表：非延非延续续性性动词动词延延续续性性动词动词borrowkeepbuyhave专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态diebe deadleavebe awaybegin/startbe onjoinbe infinishbe overmarrybe marriedopenbe openclosebe closedcome/gobe in(at)get upbe upfall asleepbe asleepcatch a coldhave a cold专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动

17、词的时态与语态I bought the book two days ago.I bought the book two days ago.我两天前我两天前买买的的这这本本书书。I have had the book for two days.I have had the book for two days.这这本本书书我已我已经买经买了两天了。了两天了。The old man died ten years ago.The old man died ten years ago.这这位老人十年前去世了。位老人十年前去世了。The old man has been dead for ten year

18、s.The old man has been dead for ten years.这这位老人去世十年了。位老人去世十年了。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态5 5如果主句用如果主句用过过去将来去将来时态时态，ifif引引导导的条件状的条件状语语从句用一从句用一般般过过去去时时代替代替过过去将来去将来时时。如：。如：Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day.rain the next day.埃米

19、埃米说说如果明天不下雨，她就去如果明天不下雨，她就去购购物。物。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态6 6have been to have been to 和和have gone tohave gone to的区的区别别两者后接地点，前者表示两者后接地点，前者表示“去去过过某地某地”，通常可与表示次数，通常可与表示次数的状的状语连语连用；后者表示用；后者表示“到某地去了到某地去了”，强强调说话调说话的当的当时时去某地去某地的人不在的人不在场场。如：。如：He has gone to Paris.He has gone to Paris.他去巴黎了。他去巴黎了。He has bee

20、n to Paris three times.He has been to Paris three times.他去他去过过巴黎三次。巴黎三次。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4动词的的语态语态语态是是动词动词的一种形式，它表示主的一种形式，它表示主语语和和谓语谓语的关系。的关系。语态语态有两种：主有两种：主动语态动语态和被和被动语态动语态。如果主。如果主语语是是动动作的作的执执行者，或行者，或动动作是由主作是由主语语完成的，要用主完成的，要用主动语态动语态；如果主；如果主语语是是动动作的承受作的承受者，或者，或动动作不是由主作不是由主语语而是由其他人完成的，而是由其他人完

21、成的，则则用被用被动语态动语态。常用的五种被常用的五种被动语态结动语态结构及示例如下表所示：构及示例如下表所示：专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态时态时态结结构构示例示例一般一般现现在在时时am/is/aream/is/are过过去分去分词词All these things are made by All these things are made by machine.machine.所有所有这这些些东东西都是机器制造的。西都是机器制造的。一般一般过过去去时时was/werewas/were过过去分去分词词This book was written by Lu This boo

22、k was written by Lu Xun.Xun.这这本本书书是是鲁鲁迅写的。迅写的。一般将来一般将来时时will be/is/are going will be/is/are going to beto be过过去分去分词词The cars will be sent abroad by The cars will be sent abroad by sea.sea.这这些小汽些小汽车车将海运至国外。将海运至国外。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态现现在完成在完成时时has/have been has/have been 过过去分去分词词All the postcards

23、have been All the postcards have been sent out.sent out.所有明信片都分所有明信片都分发发出去了。出去了。含情含情态动词态动词情情态动词态动词bebe 过过去去分分词词The flowers must be watered The flowers must be watered every day.every day.这这些花儿必些花儿必须须每天每天浇浇水。水。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态5 5谓语动词的主的主动形式表示被形式表示被动意意义的几种情况的几种情况1 1不及物不及物动词动词和短和短语语。happen,last

24、,take place,happen,last,take place,break out,come out,come true,run out,give outbreak out,come out,come true,run out,give out等用主等用主动动形式表示被形式表示被动动意意义义。如：。如：The meeting took place in a beautiful city.The meeting took place in a beautiful city.会会议议在一座美在一座美丽丽的城市的城市举举行。行。A fire broke out during the night

25、.A fire broke out during the night.夜夜间发间发生了火灾。生了火灾。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2一些特殊一些特殊动词动词。英英语语中有很多中有很多动词动词，如，如 break,break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,washwrite,wash等，被用作不及物等，被用作不及物动词动词来描述主来描述主语语特征特征时时，常，常用主用主动动形式表达被形式表达被动动意意义义，主，主语语通常是物，且常与通常是物

26、，且常与well,well,easily,slowly,quicklyeasily,slowly,quickly等副等副词连词连用。如：用。如：This kind of computers sells well.This kind of computers sells well.这这种种电脑电脑很很畅销畅销。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态3 3感官感官动词动词。系系动词动词没有被没有被动动形式，但有些感官形式，但有些感官动词动词，如如 feel,sound,taste,smellfeel,sound,taste,smell等在主系表等在主系表结结构中常以主构中常以主动动形形式

27、表示被式表示被动动意意义义。如：。如：Your reason sounds reasonable.Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。你的理由听起来合理。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 提醒提醒 使役使役动词动词have,make,lethave,make,let以及感官以及感官动词动词see,see,find,watch,notice,hear,feelfind,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面接不定式作等后面接不定式作宾语补宾语补足足语时语时，在主，在主动结动结构中构中toto要省略，但要省略，但变为变为被被动

28、结动结构构时时要加要加toto。如：。如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.有有人看人看见见一位陌生人走一位陌生人走进进了大楼。了大楼。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4need/require doingneed/require doing相当

29、于相当于need/require to be doneneed/require to be done。其中，其中，to be doneto be done为为不定式的被不定式的被动结动结构。构。These flowers need watering.These flowers need watering.These flowers need to be watered.These flowers need to be watered.这这些花需要些花需要浇浇水。水。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态6 6带双双宾语的的谓语动词变被被动语态谓语动词带谓语动词带双双宾语时宾语时，被，

30、被动结动结构如下：构如下：1 1将将间间接接宾语转宾语转化化为为主主语语。专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2将直接将直接宾语转宾语转化化为为主主语语，且在，且在间间接接宾语宾语前加上介前加上介词词toto或或forfor。He gave me a photo.He gave me a photo.I was given a photo by him.I was given a photo by him.(间间接接宾语宾语meme改改为为主主语语)A photo was given to me by him.A photo was given to me by him.(直接

31、直接宾语宾语a photoa photo改改为为主主语语)专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态考点过关考点过关用括号中所用括号中所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1 1Julies father _(go)to London last Julies father _(go)to London last month.He _(be)there three times.month.He _(be)there three times.2 2Here comes the bus!Where is our principal?Here comes the bus!Where is our

32、 principal?She cant go to the museum with us.She She cant go to the museum with us.She _(show)some visitors around our school._(show)some visitors around our school.3 3My sister _(learn)English My sister _(learn)English since she was four.since she was four.went has been is showing has learned/learn

33、t 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4If farmers cut down trees and forests,giant If farmers cut down trees and forests,giant pandas _(have)nowhere to live.pandas _(have)nowhere to live.5 5Sally took a photo of her friends while they Sally took a photo of her friends while they _(play)computer games._(play)c

34、omputer games.6 6Have you finished your project?Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish it if I_(give)Not yet.Ill finish it if I_(give)ten more minutes.ten more minutes.will have were playing am given 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态7 7Frog,Mo Yans latest novel,please!Frog,Mo Yans latest novel,ple

35、ase!Sorry,it _(sell)out just now.But it Sorry,it _(sell)out just now.But it will come out again soon.will come out again soon.8 8My mother always _(go)shopping on My mother always _(go)shopping on weekends because shes busy on weekdays.weekends because shes busy on weekdays.9 9I told the kid that th

36、e sun _(rise)in I told the kid that the sun _(rise)in the east.the east.was soldgoes rises 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态1010Hell give me a call as soon as he Hell give me a call as soon as he _(come)back._(come)back.1111Her father _(teach)her to play the Her father _(teach)her to play the piano when she

37、was a child.piano when she was a child.1212Last week they _(swim)in the river and Last week they _(swim)in the river and had fun.had fun.1313Betty went into the room,took off her coat Betty went into the room,took off her coat and _(lie)down on the sofa.and _(lie)down on the es taught swam lay 专题专题

38、9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态1414I _(make)a mistake.Please dont be I _(make)a mistake.Please dont be angry with me.angry with me.1515Mr.Green _(come)back in two weeks.Mr.Green _(come)back in two weeks.1616You _(keep)the book for two You _(keep)the book for two weeks,and youd better return it to the library no

39、w.weeks,and youd better return it to the library now.1717By the time I got to the bus stop,the bus By the time I got to the bus stop,the bus _(leave)_(leave)made will come have kept had left 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态1818Food safety is important.Rules must Food safety is important.Rules must _(make)to

40、 stop people from food pollution._(make)to stop people from food pollution.1919Dont worry.Youll _(give)lots of time Dont worry.Youll _(give)lots of time to decide.to decide.2020The bad boy was often seen _(steal)The bad boy was often seen _(steal)things in the shops.things in the shops.be made be gi

41、ven to steal 专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态语法专练语法专练1 120142014黄黄冈冈Tina,breakfast is ready.Dad cooked Tina,breakfast is ready.Dad cooked it for us.it for us.It cant have been Father.He_ early on It cant have been Father.He_ early on Sundays.Sundays.A Aalways gets up Balways gets up Boften got upoften got u

42、pC Chad got up Dhad got up Dnever gets upnever gets upD专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2.2.20142014金金华 Mom,where is Dad?Mom,where is Dad?He_ a speech for tomorrows meeting.He_ a speech for tomorrows meeting.A Awas preparing Bwas preparing Bis preparing is preparing C Chas prepared D.will preparehas prepared

43、 D.will prepareB专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态3 320142014绵绵阳阳Which singer do you think _ Which singer do you think _ the Voice of China?the Voice of China?Im not sure.There are still 3 rounds to come.Im not sure.There are still 3 rounds to come.A Awon Bwon Bhas wonhas wonC Cwill win Dwill win DwinswinsC专题

44、专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4 20132013呼和浩特呼和浩特 Do you know if he_ to Do you know if he_ to play football with us?play football with us?I think he will come if he _ free I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.tomorrow.A Acomes;is B.comes;will becomes;is B.comes;will beC Cwill come;is D.will come;will

45、 bewill come;is D.will come;will beC专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态5 520142014莱莱芜芜We are glad that a famous writer We are glad that a famous writer _ to our school to give a talk next week._ to our school to give a talk next week.A Ainvites Binvites BinvitedinvitedC Cwill be invited Dwill be invited Dwas i

46、nvitedwas invitedC专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态6 620142014成都成都Mr.King _ by the reporter Mr.King _ by the reporter yesterday.yesterday.Hes great!He helped so many disabled people.Hes great!He helped so many disabled people.A Awas interviewed Bwas interviewed Bis interviewedis interviewedC Cis interviewing

47、is interviewingA专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态7 7 20132013湖州湖州 Julia isnt going to the cinema Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she _ the film.with us because she _ the film.A Asees B.sawsees B.sawC Cwill see D.has seenwill see D.has seenD专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态8 8 20132013临沂沂 Do you know Ea

48、rth Day?Do you know Earth Day?Sure.It _ in 1970 to tell us to Sure.It _ in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.protect our planet.A Asets up B.set upsets up B.set upC Cis set up D.was set upis set up D.was set upD专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态9 9 20132013青青岛 The song reminds me of my old The song remind

49、s me of my old school days as soon as it _school days as soon as it _A Ais played B.playsis played B.playsC Cwill be played D.will playwill be played D.will playA专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态1010 20132013安徽安徽 Thanks to the Internet,different Thanks to the Internet,different kinds of information _in a sho

50、rt time.kinds of information _in a short time.A Acan be learned B.has been learnedcan be learned B.has been learnedC Ccan learn D.has learned can learn D.has learned A专题专题 9 9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态1111 20132013盐城城 Many children in Britain Many children in Britain _ to have their own bank cards these days.