2022年初中英语语法总结初中英语知识点及例题解析.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语语法总结 -中学英语学问点及例题解析一、冠词 :冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“ the”与不定冠词“ a.an”之分.定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这 那个”.不定冠词表示“泛指” ,译作“一个”.例题解析 :lady over there isuniversity teacher.A A, theB The, anC The, aD The, the“over there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“ lady”（女士）是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”.后半句意为“一位高校老师” ,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“ a”或“ an”.由于“

2、university”的读音起始于辅音“ j”,因此要加定冠词“ a”.所以此题答案应当选“ C”. He prefers playingpiano to playinghockey.A the, theB the, /C / , /D / , the“piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”.后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词.所以此题答案应当选“ B”. Mr. Black was made manager of our company.A) /B aC anD the“manager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词.所以此题答

3、案应当选“ A”.此外,冠词仍有很多特殊的用法：1. 由一般名词组成的专出名词前,要加定冠词,如：the Great Wal（l长城）2. 在拼音名词前, 一般不加任何冠词, 如：Thomas Green.Changfeng Park3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如： the Dongting Lake4. 一般用“单数名词加 a.复数名词不加 the”来表示“泛指”的意思.习题训练：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Choose the best answer选内:择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格可编辑资料 - - -

4、欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 1. There is“ u” inword“ uniform.”.A an, aB an, theC a, aD a, the 2.sign here stands formistake.A A, aB A, theC The, aD The, the 3. We made Joycemonitorher experience.A a, becauseB the, becauseC / , because ofD the , because of 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrotearticle on Shanghai Internat

5、ional Art Festival.A theB anC aD / 5. Q: Is Mr. Whiteteacher of your school.A: Yes.teacher is from Australia.A a, AB a, TheC the, TheD the, A 6. Paul isEuropean student. He likes to studyhistory of China.A a, theB a, /C an, theD an, / 7. This ishoney. As we all know,honey is sweet.A / , theB / , /C

6、the, /D the, the 8. They didnt catch the last train because of.A some heavy trafficsB any heavy trafficC heavy trafficD a heavy traffic 9. It wont take long, its onlywalk.A) ten-minutesB ten minutesC ten minutesDten-minutes二、名词 :名词表示人或物体的名称,有一般名词park、专出名词 Peter. Party、集合名词 family, class, police、缩写名词

7、 SARS, CEO, WTO等.总体上说, 它们可以分成两大类. 即可数名词和不行数名词. 要留意它们在句中的不同要求和变化.例题解析 : His grandfather is.A) Robert BobB Tom BlackC Kate WhiteD Black可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Green英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的.先是名,即“first name”,后为姓,即 “ second name”,也可叫做“ family name”或“ surname”.做这类题目,必需先搞清晰哪个单词是表示名字, 哪个单词是表示姓氏, 名字仍要分清男女性别. 这道题中说的是

8、“爷爷” ,是男名,所以此题答案应当选“ B”.are playing tennis in the playground.A The BrownsB The BrownsC BrownsD Browns英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“ the”,后面加“ s”,有“一家人”之意.所以此题答案应当选“ A”. Be careful. There is ahole in the ground.A two-foot-deepB two-feet-deepC two-foot deepD two-feet deep这道题目考的是复合形容词. 在复合形容词中的名词应当用单数形式, 在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都

9、要用短横 “” 来连接.由于它被看作为一个一般的形容词,因此,在可数名词前仍要再加上冠词.此句中, “一个两英尺深的洞” 应译为“ a two-foot-deep hole”,所以此题答案应当选“ A ”. He s got bad toothache. He d better go to.A dentistB the dentistC the dentistDs see the dentists可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_“去看牙科医生”可译为“ go to see the dentis”t或“ go to the dentist”.后s可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精

10、品_精品资料_一个词语中的“the dentist ”表示s“ the dentists c”l.in所ic 以此题答案应当选 “C”. Theteachers wondered if thestudents were in trouble.A woman, boyB woman, boysC women, boyD women, boys英语中,“女老师们”应当译为“ women teachers”,而“男同学们” 应当译为“ boy students”. 所以此题答案应当选“ C”.came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got th

11、e most scores.A A newsB MessageC WordD Words“据说” 在英语中有多种说法：“ It was said that”、“Word came tha”t 、“ Newscame tha”t 、“A message came tha”t 等.所以此题答案应当选“ C”. All of a sudden, something on the ground caught.A his eyeB his eyesC his own eyesD eyes of his own“catch one s ”ey是e固定词组, 意为“引起某人留意”.即“be noticed

12、by sb”. .此句中,“ eye”是“视线”之意,由“ eyesight”演化而来.随着语言的进展,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一些词语会产生演化,大致上都是朝“简洁化”方向进展,如：“ countryside”“country”、“mankind”“ man”、 “ campsite”“ camp”、“in the daytime”“ in the day”等.所以此题答案应当选“ A”. The lady with longfound her husband had already got three gray.A hair, hairB hair, hairsC

13、hairs, hairD hairs, hair要把握英语中哪些是可数名词, 哪些是不行数名词. 但是有些名词具有可数和不行数两种性质,要靠详细说法来判别.如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就是这类词.前半句说的是“一头长发” ,是不行数名词.后半句说的是“三根白发” , 是可数名词.所以此题答案应当选“ B”.习题训练：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Choose the best answer选内:择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 1. He has gotto tell you.A a good news

14、B some newsC a lot newsD many news 2. It s seven oclock. are sitting at table.A Mr. GreensB The GreensC The GreensD Greens 3. Your brother is the samemine.A old asB age asC old likeD age like 4. Our bodies need food to give us.A healthB strongC energyD taste 5. A lemon is the sameas a banana.A yello

15、wB colourC freshD sweet 6. What kind ofdo you like best.A watermelonB the watermelonC a watermelonD watermelons 7. Look at this magazine. Let s do theabout eating habits.A quizB listC cookingD dinner三、代词 :代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词 this, those、人称代词主宾格 I, me 、形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_容词性物主代词 my、名词性物主代词 mine、反身代

16、词 myself 、不定代词 either, others, anything, nobody.其中,不定代词的变化最复杂.在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们肯定要有充分的熟识,不能掉以轻心.例题解析 : Would you please give.A him itB it himC to him itD it to him英语中,当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时,肯定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人） ,而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“ to”.所以此题答案应当选“ D”. She always thinks ofmore than.A others,

17、herB the others, she C others, herselfD the others, herself在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指” ,应译为“ others”.后半句是介词“ of”的宾语.由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对.所以此题答案应当选“C”. Some people like watching the sports news,prefer TV series.A the othersB the otherC othersD another在英语中,“一些,另一些”有两种译法： “Some , the o

18、thers” 是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情形,而“ Some, others”是指有第三部分的情形存在.此题意为“一部分人喜爱看体育消息, 而另一部分人比较观赏电视剧” , 明显仍有其他人喜爱其他的内容,所以此题答案应当选“C”. The light in the room was too poor forto see it clearly.A everyoneB someoneC anyoneD none英语中,“too t”o 意为“太而不能”,具有否定的含义. 因此,“ for sb.”中应当选运用在否定句中的“ anyone”才对.所以此题答案应当选“ C”.the fuel here

19、 is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.A SomeB MuchC The most ofD Most of带有定冠词“ the”的名词前,应当用代词词组： “some of”（意为“其中一些”）、“ much of”（意为“其中很多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多数” ）等. “ the mose o”f （意为“其中最多的” ）在本句中的译法欠妥,所以此题答案应当 选“ D”. Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday.I m afraidday is

20、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_possibleA eitherB eachC bothD neither在英语中,有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法：“ both”意为“两者都”、“all ”意为“三者以上都” 、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“ no one”意为“三者以上都不” 、“either”意为“两者之一” 、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间” 、“among”意为“三者以上之间” .依据此题句意,答句应当是说“我唯恐没有一天能行” , 所以此题答案应当选“ D”. There are three bathro

21、oms in the house. One is upstairs,two aredownstairs.A otherB the otherC othersD the others在英语中,“另两个” 的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、“ the res”t .由于本句中讲到三间浴室, “另两间”的说法应当是“确指”的,因此,必需有定冠词“the”.又由于后句已经写了 “two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的 “ other”.所以此题答案应当选“ B”. The dishes on Table One are much fewer thanon Table

22、Two.A thatB thoseC dishesD /要留意所比较的两个对象具有对称性： 这句是“the dishes on Table On”e（一桌上的菜）和“ the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比较,因此后半句中 的“菜”字不能省略. “ that”与“ those”是比较级句中的专用代词.由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词.所以此题答案应当选“ B”. There are more people in this room thanin that one.A thatB thoseC peopleD /可编辑资料 - -

23、 - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_要留意在“ There is”或“ There are”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_题所讲到的专用代词.所以此题答案应当选“D”.习题训练：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Choose the best answer选内:择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 1. Show your watchme.is slow.A to, MineB to, MyC for, MineD for, My 2.do you like, the sum

24、mer holidays or the winter holidays.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A What, betterB What, bestC Which, betterD Which, best 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo oftaken in her housing estate.A herselfB herC hersD myself 4. She told Jack, Tom and me toamong.A talk it over, usB talk over it, usC talk it

25、over, ourselvesD talk over it, ourselves 5. I ll do it by myself. I won t needhelp.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A anyone s elseB anyone elseCs anyone others 6. I hearduntil my friend told me about it.D other anyones可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A everythingB somethingC nothingD anything 7. Would you likemore b

26、read, Jack.A anyB anotherC littleD a little 8. Only one student got the right answer. Butdidn t.A the otherB anotherC othersD the rest 9. He doesnt thinkof them will go there with you.A noneB someC manyD much10. The film is dull andpeople like it.A a fewB fewC a littleD little 11. Have you all.A got

27、 ready everythingB got everything ready forC got everything readyD got ready for everything 12. Helpto some sweets, everyone.A yourselvesB your ownC yourselfDbyyourself13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors andis a driver.A) anotherB the sixthC otherD the other 14. Believe or not, I did it

28、all by.A) meB usC myselfD ourselves15. A: Are these two books yours .B: No,of them is mine.A eitherB noneC bothD neither 16. Neither of the twinsthe toy train.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A likeB likesC is likeDarelike四、数词 :数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念.序数词表示次序概念. 第一要留意一些数词在写法上的变化,如： forty.ninth.twentieth 更要留意它

29、们在句子中的不同用法和变化.例题解析 : Aboutstudents went to the picture show that day.A hundreds ofB two hundredsC two hundred ofD two hundred“about”意为“大约”,是指详细数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语 “ hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）.在表示确定数量时,英语中的“ hundred”不加“ s”,即不变复数.再由于“ students”前没有定冠词“ the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介词“ of”. 所以此题答案应当选“ D”.ofClass Four

30、 students have joined the singing group.A Three-fifths, theB Three-fifth, theC Three-fifths, /DThree-fifth, /英语中,“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用 短横“”连接.当分子大于“一”时,分母序数词要加“s”.再由于此题句中数量用的是“ of”词组,即意为“其中的五分之三” ,因此后面的名词“ students” 必定是“确指”的,要加定冠词“ the”. 所以此题答案应当选“ A ”.在这里要特殊留意的是：不要看到“ students”前有修饰词“ Class

31、Four”就不敢加定冠词“ the”,要懂得这里的 “the”是修饰“ students”的.同样,“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情形.习题训练 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Choose the best answer选内:择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 1.John has twelve coins and Joan hasones, three times as many as John.A thirteenB fifteenC thirty-sixD fo

32、rty-eight 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is.A 56348574B 202233C a quarterD a dozen可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 3.Today is her brother s birthday.is on.A She, fifth of MayB She, May fifthC Hers, May fifth DHers, May the fifth 4.of the students go to school by bike.A Two-threeB Two-thirdsC Two-

33、threesDTwo-third 5.There are aboutseats in the hall.A two hundredsB two hundredC hundreds ofDtwo hundred of 6. A: How often should we publish the paper.B:.A In one week s timeB Once a monthC Aftertwo weeksD For half a month 7. Aboutthe students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.A hundreds ofB

34、twohundredCtwohundred ofDtwo hundreds五、介词 :介词是一种虚词, 它不能单独使用, 后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词.同一个动词, 搭配不同的介词, 可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来, 而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同. 因此, 介词的用法是比较复杂的, 要求我们去逐个记住.只有在看懂、懂得整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词.例题解析 : Mr. Brown flew to Washingtonthe night before last.A inB onC atD /在表达某一天的详细时间时,应当用介词“on”.但是本句是表达“在前天可编辑资料 - -

35、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_的夜里”,与“在前天” the day before yesterda）y所以此题答案应当选“ D”.相仿,前面不该用任何介词,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ The school gate isthe north of the classroom building.A inB toC on D at在英语中,表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区 域的内部时,用介词“ in”.如： The playground is in the south of the school.（操可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_场在学

36、校的南面.）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应当用介词“on”.如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205（. 203 室在 205 室的西面.）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应当用介词“ to”.如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing（. 上海在南京的东面.）此题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面,应当用介词“to”,所以答案应当选“ B”. You ll get one thousand dollars.A after allB at allC in allD all together“after all”意为“究竟”、“究竟”

37、、“最终”.“ at all”通常与“ not”连用,意为“完全不”、“一点也不”.“ in all ”通常用于数量词后面,意为“总共” ,同义词是“ altogether”.所以此题答案应当选“ C”. This bus can run70 miles an hour.A forB withC atD in在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时,应当用介词“ at”.所以此题答案应当选“ C”. It s said he stayed there quietlytwo o clock that afternoon.A onB atC untilD by“at two o clock tha

38、t aftern”oo意n为“在昨天下午两点钟” ,时态通常用“过去进行时”.“by two o clock that afterno”on意为“在昨天下午两点钟前” , 时态通常用“过去完成时” .“ until two oclock that aftern”o意on为“直到昨天下午两 点钟”, 时态通常用“一般过去时”.本句中“ stay”是连续动词, 因此可用“ until ” 句型.假如句中谓语是瞬时动词的话,就应当用“not until ”句型了.所以此题答案应当选“ C”. Tom didn t attend the lecture yesterday evenings illnh

39、ei ss.A asB forC becauseDbecause of在本句中,“由于生病”是一个词语,而不是缘由状语从句,因此,不能选 连词“ as”、“for”或“ because”来连接,而要用介词词组“ because o”f .所以此题答案应当选“ D”. Now it s quite importantus to make full use of time.A forB toC ofD with“It mspi ortant to sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要” ）是词语搭配,“It s for sb. to do”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的” ）是句型.当两者交叉、

40、重可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_叠使用时,词语要让位于句型. 所以此题答案应当选 “A ”.同样,“I like it so much that”句型中用“ so”、而不用“ very”,也属于这种类型的表达方式. It nsice you to get the ticket F1. It ssaid the car-race is very exciting.A of, forB for, forC of, ofD for, of这句是“ It s of sb. to”d句o 型,意为“某人真是怎么样,做了某事” .后半句中“ ticket for ”是固定词语,意为“什么

41、内容的票子” . 所以此题答案应当选“ A”.习题训练 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Choose the best answer选内:择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 1. You can draw itpaints and brushes.A byB withC inD use 2. What did you havebreakfast.A asB withC aboutD for 3. The policehelping to make our city a safe place to live a

42、nd work .A is, inB are, inC is, /D are, / 4. I ve got three questionyou to think about.A ofB forC giveD to show 5. We can ask peoplethe Festival to do the quiz.A inB onC atD for 6. What happens when we put some sugara glass of warm water.A onB offC outD into 7.they arrived at the village after all.A At the endB In the endC LastD Attentively 8. The class teacher was sentChristmas cardssome of the students.A to, byB / , byC to, fromD / , to 9. Q: What is that film.A: It s a science film.A lik