（最新）口语突破英语的时态和语态.pdf

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1、英语的时态和语态概念：在英语中不同时间发生的动作谓语动词的表达形式也不一样，这就是时态。时态和时间紧密相连。目标：口语突破语法。实施步骤：【1:弄懂语法含义及构成 2:收集实用句子 3:反复操练句子 4:举一反三】一：现在进行时概念：表示现在正在进行和发生的动作。构成：be(am,is,are)+现在分词现在分词的构成：1)一般在动词后面直接加-ing：eating,drinking,reading2）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e 再加-ing：come-coming,write-writing3)需要双写最后一个字母的：shop-shopping sit-sitting stop-s

2、topping run-running swim-swimming get-getting begin-beginning plan-planning hit-hittingbeg-begging put-putting travel-travelling win-winningcut cutting wrap-wrapping skipskipping clapclapping regret regretting forget-forgetting例句：1:I m working on it.2:Hes looking for a part-time job.3:She is cooking

3、/sleeping.4:They are talking about you.5:We are having English class.Can you call again later 6:It s raining hard/again/outside.7:What s so funny Why are you laughing 8:The phone is ringing.Please answer it for me.Im taking a shower.9:Who are you taking to Im talking to my mother.10:You re making gr

4、eat progress in English.你的英语有了很大的进步。（练习：用 look for,wait for,talk about练习造句）特殊语法一：现在进行时表示将来：1:I m leaving/coming.2:My parents are coming to see me.3:He is leaving for Hk tomorrow.4:What are you doing later 5:I m not working next week.6:Were having a party next weekend.7:I m not going out tonight.Im s

5、taying at home.8:What are you doing later特殊用法二：与always，constantly等连用，含有说话人的主观色彩：1:You are always complaining.2:She is always changing her mind.3:I am always forgetting peoples names.4:You re always watching TV,Youre always playing computer games.请随时随地脱口而出下列句子：1:What are you doing 5:Im reading./worki

6、ng.2:What s he doing 6:My mother is cooking/sleeping.3:What are they doing 7:Im not going.4:Where are you going 9:She is getting fatter and fatter.10:Its getting hotter and hotter.11:Ever day,in every way,Im getting better and better.二：过去进行时概念：表示过去某个时刻或某个阶段正在进行的动作。构成：was/were+现在分词 1:What were you do

7、ing at this time last night 2:It was raining hard when I went to school this morning.3:They were talking about me when I came in.4:I was taking a shower when you called.5:They were watching TV when the lights went out.6:I was having dinner with my friend at 8 oclock yesterday.7:She was sleeping at t

8、his time last night.8:My mother was waiting for me when I got home.9:I was shopping at the market when I met my English teacher.10:What did the teacher say just now Sorry,I wasnt listening.11:I called you yesterday morning but you werent at home,where were you三：一般现在时一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或反复性发生的动作，陈述事实及现在的状

9、态构成：动词用原形，但主语是第三人称单数时动词要加-s【主语是 he,she,it,Tom,Toms father 等时】动词第三人称单数的变化;1)一 般 在 动 词 后 加-s：sing sings,like likes2)以辅音字母加-y 结尾的动词，变-y 为 i 再加-es：study-studies worryworries carry-carries3)以 o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，要加-es：dodoes go goes wash washes watch watches 一：表示主语所具备的性格、特征、状态及喜好：1:Im an office worker.2:Her

10、 mother is a nurse.3:He is tall and thin.4:We are officer workers.5:She is from America.6:They are my neighbours.7:I go to work on foot every:He works hard.9:She lives near here.10:They work overtime every day.11:The girl looks like her:The boy hates going to school.二：表示经常性和习惯性的动作：（常与频度副词 always,usu

11、ally,often,sometimes,seldom,never等连用）1:My mother gets up early every day.2:He often stays up late.3:She usually goes to work by bike.4:My son often does her homework at the last minute.5:They sometimes travel during summer holiday.6:I practice English every morning.三：表示早已列入时刻表的事件 1:School starts on.

12、2:The bus runs every 10 minutes 3:The train leaves at 8 tomorrow morning.4:Whats tomorrow s date 5:What day is it tomorrow 6:When is your birthday四：表示客观真理：1:Time is precious.2:Health is better than wealth.3:Practice makes perfect.4:Mothers always worry about their children.【请脱口而出下面的句子】Everyone wants

13、 to succeed.Everybody makes such mistakes sometimes.That happens.The dish tastes delicious.The shop opens at 9 oclock and closes at 6 oclock.Are you free now【举例说明一般现在时否定句和疑问句的变化】：1)I m a teacher.I m not a teacher-Are you a teacher-Yes,I am/No,Im not.2)She is a nurse.She isnt a Is she a nurse-Yes,she

14、 is./No,she isnt.3)They are students.They arent Are they students-Yes,they are./No,they arent.4)I like travelling.-I don t like Do you like travelling -Yes,I do./No,I don/t.5)He works hard.-He doesnt work Does he work hard -Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.【一般疑问句】一：Do you.Do you like Chinese food Do you ha

15、ve any hobbies Do you see him often Do you get up early Do you drink Do you often go shopping二：Does Does he love you Does she live near here Does Tom speak English Does your mother call you often Does your son study hard Does your wife work Does he teach English Does she have a BF【特殊疑问句】1)What do yo

16、u usually do on weekends2)What does this sign mean3)What does today s news say4)What do you like best about China5)Where do you live/work6)Where do you come from7)How do you go to work every day8)How do you like it9)When do you go to work/get off work10)When does the meeting start11)Why do you like

17、such a person12)Why do you have to tell her the truth13)Why do you think SZ is a bad place to live14)Why do you come to China15)Why don t we have fun 16)Why don t you like her 17)Which do you prefer,tea or coffee 18)Which place do you like best in China 19)How old is your daughter 20)How many people

18、 are there in your family 21)How much money do you need 22)How much is it How much are they 23)How long have you been in China 24)How far is it from here to your company 25)How often do you call your family 26)How soon will you come back【额外奉送】一般现在时对于描述自己的情况很有用;（一）Self-introduction自我介绍 Hello name is

19、Lily.Im from China.I live in Beijing.I love English.I read English every day.I yell English every favourite sport are tennis and swimming.My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher.We are all interested in you like EeglishI hope we can be friends.（二）Self-introductionI have 2 children.My son is

20、 8,he studies in a primary school.My daughter is 15,she studies in a middle m a techer,I work in a university.My wife works in a hospital.We have a happy family.(三)Alice Alice is a very outgoing girl,she likes music,she palys basketball,she spends a lot of money on clothes.she goes to movies,and she

21、 often goes to nightclub,she knows many people,she is very popular.Alice doesnt stay home alone very often,she doesnt read books,she doesnt watch TV,she doesnt listen to music.She is very active,She likes talk on the phone,everyone likes Alice.(四)My sister and I My sister and I are very different.Im

22、 an office worker,shes a secretary in a small company.I live in GZ,she lives in SZ,I have a BF,she lives alone.Im rich,she is poor.My father likes me,my mother likes my sister.Alough we are different,we like each other.四：一般过去时一：含义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。一般有明显的表示过去时间的状语。如：yesterday,last night,this morning,l

23、ast week/month/year,just now,then(那时)，at that moment,2 years ago,in 1999.等等。二：一般过去时的构成，动词要用过去式:1)系动词am,iswas(否定式 wasnt),are-were(否定式 werent)2)实义动词一般加-ed.如：worked;lived;studied.3）不规则动词要分别记忆：如：gowent;do did,take-took1:Where were you last night 2:He was here just now.3:I was shy when I was young.4:You

24、were late again.5:She was a beauty when she was young.6：She was late for work yesterday.7:We went shopping last night and bought a lot of things.8:He worked here last year.9:They moved to HK last month.10:We went to the movies last night,but the film wasnt very good.We didn t enjoy it.We wasted our

25、time and money.11:I didnt have breakfast this morning.12:Did you watch the news last night14:Did you have a good time last night 13:Why didnt you tell me15:Where did you spend your holiday 16:How did you sleep last night17:What did you do this morning 18:When did you come to China19:How was your tri

26、p 20:Who called me Who said that【一般过去时的否定句和疑问句的变化】1:I was in the office this I wasnt in the office in the morning.Were you in the office in the morningYes,I was./No,I wasn t.2:They were in America at this time last They werent in America at this time last yearWere they in America at this time last y

27、earYes,they were./No,they werent.3:I bought a lot of things I didnt buy a lot of things yesterday.Did you buy a lot of things yesterday Yes,I did./No,I didnt.额外附送：短文突破一般过去时Pleasant weekend I want to tell you my weekend.It was really great.I went camping with some of my colleagues.We left early on Su

28、nday morning and drove to the mountains.We hiked for an hour to a beautiful lake.We went swimming,we cooked over a campfire,and we slept outside.We told stories and sang songs until after midnight.Next morning,we made a big breakfast,we went other places,and then we packed up our things,hiked back t

29、o the car,and came home.We were totally tired,but we had a really great time.五：一般将来时概念：表示在将来某个时候将要发生的动作，或将要做某事的计划和打算。常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow,next day 2:Ill take it.3:Ill take your advice.4:I ll find out who did this.5:Ill miss all of you.6:I ll be ready in 5 minutes.7:Ill think about it.8:The train

30、 will arrive at 8 oclock.Ill be here soon9:Hell go out to play with his friends after school.10:She will come to see me tomorrow.11:They will come here this evening,theyll come by train.12:Its a nice day,I think Ill go for a walk.13:I think the weather will be fine later.14:From now on,Ill practice

31、English every day.15:Its going to rain.16:Im going to have a picnic this weekend.17:They are going to go abroad next year.18:Are you going to HK this weekend【否定句】I)I wont forgive you.2)He wont be here tomorrow.3)It wont happen again.【疑问句】1)Will she come 2)Will he come to your birthday party2)Will yo

32、u be free tomorrow night【特殊疑问句】1:When will you come back 3:Where/How are you going to spend your holiday4:When are you going to get married5:When and where will we meet tomorrow6:How will you go to Beijing7:Why will you go there on holiday【短文突破语法】Long for the weekend盼望周末 I am looking forward to the

33、weekend.I am not going to think about m not going to worry about my exams.Im not going to touch my textbooks.I m going to read a few magazines and watch a few DVDS.Im going to call my friends.Im going to surf the Internet.I m going to relax at home with my family.I cant wait!This is going to be the

34、best weekend ever.六：过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情，它的构成有两种形式：一：would+动词原形二：was/were+goig to1:He said he would help me/pay back my money/see me.2:She said she would come back next week.3:He told me he would go abroad to study.4:We didn t know when the meeting would end.4:She said she was going to buy a car.5:I

35、 didnt know if he was going to come.6:Last Sunday,we were going to visit the Great Wall,but it rained.7:I heard there was going to be a meeting this afternoon.8:Where were you I thought you were going to wait for me.还可表示过去习惯性的动作：9:This door wouldnt open.这扇门老是打不开。10:I would play with him when I was a

36、 child.我小时候常跟他玩。七：现在完成时一：现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或结果,如：He has spent all his money.二：构成：has/have+过去分词三：用法：一：表示原来发生的动作持续至今：for+时间段；since+时间点 1:I have studied English for 5 years.2:He has lived here for 20 years.3:I have been here/in DG for 3 years.4:She has been a teacher for 10 years.5:We have known

37、 each other since we were boys.6:He has been in SZ since 2000.7:I have worked here since 2 years ago.二：表示刚刚或已经完成的动作：8:I have just had dinner.9:He has just come here.10:We have already finished our work.三：表示曾经有过的经验：（常和 never,ever,twice等连用）11:I have never been to HK before.12:Have you ever been to Mac

38、ao 13:I havent met him before.14:Ive never thought of such a thing.15:I ve never seen such an awful person.16:He has been to Tibet twice.17:I have never met such a beautiful girl.四：过去发生的事对现在的影响，常和:lately（recently）最近，at present目前，现在；so far到目前为止；up to now到目前为止，these days目前，这些天等连用18：Have you met him la

39、tely 19:I havent been very successful so far.至今我还不是很成功。熟记下面的句子：20:He has gone home/has gone to work/has gone to GZ.21:How have you been 22:Have you heard from Mary 23:How long have you studied English 24:How long have you lived in SZ 25:How long have you been like this【短文突破现在完成时】I have been very bus

40、y,I havent been to a restaurant for a long time,and I ve never eaten Korean food.Believe it or not,Ive lived here all my life and Ive never been there!How have you been Have you seen any good movies recently Have you eaten at any good restaurants Have you gone to any interesting places Please write

41、back and let me know what you have been doing lately.Im looking forward to hearing from you.八：过去完成时一：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,含义是：过去的过去二：构成：had+过去分词1:By the end of last term,we had learned 5000 words.2:By the time we got to the cinema,the film had already begun.3:By the time I got to the bank,it had

42、already closed.4:The children ran away after they had broken the window.5:My parents had got up before I woke up this morning.6:The train had started when they got to the station.7:When I got home,my mother had finished cooking already.8:He said he had taught in that school since 1999.九：现在完成进行时一：含义：

43、表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在的动作。二：构成：has/have been+现在分词1:I ve been dying to go home.我一直都很想回家。2:I ve been looking forward to meeting you for a long time.我一直以来都渴望见到你。3:He has been teaching in this school since he graduated.4:It has been raining all night.5:Where on earth have you been Ive been waiting for 2 hours

44、.十：将来进行时一：表示将来某个时刻将进行的动作，一般表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事，常用于口语中：二：构成：will+be+现在分词1:I will be going university in September.2:I will be going home for Spring Festival this year.3:Next week,will be giving a speech at our school.4:I will be staying at home this time next week.5:Will you be using your car this after

45、noon6:How long will you be staying in China十一：将来完成时一：含义：表示将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，经常与before+将来时间或 by+将来时间连用，也可与before 或 by the time或 by the end of短语引导的现在时的从句连用：二：构成：will+have+过去分词1:They will have been married for 20 years by then.2:I will have reached HK by this time tomorrow,3:I will have graduated fr

46、om high school by this time next year.4:Pick me up at 8 oclock,I will have had dinner by then.被动语态构成：be+过去分词（不同时态的被动语态形式也不一样。）一：一般现在时：1:When time is wasted,life is wasted.2:Lost time is never found again.3:English is widely used now.4:Computers are widely used in our daily life.5:You are not allowed

47、 to park your car here.二：一般过去时 6:The bridge was built in 1898.7:Those computers were stolen last night.8:Rome wasn t built in a day.三：含有情态动词的被动语态 9:Our classroom must be cleaned every day.10:Such rules should be obeyed by everyone.11:It should be done at once.四：一般将来时的被动语态：12:The Olympic Games will b

48、e held in London next year.13:A new building will be set up here.五：现在进行时的被动语态：14:My bike is being repaired now.六：现在完成时的被动语态：15:Your car has already been repaired.16:The window has been cleaned.17:They have been sent to hospital.七：过去完成时的被动语态：18:He told me the problem had already been solved.特别奉献：A man is not finished when he is defeated,he is finished when he quits.一个人如果失败了并不会完蛋，只有放弃了才会完蛋！