C++面向对象高效编程_源码.docx

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1、2012-11-8 - 2012/11/12/第1章什么是面向对象编程/Just a plain bank account record struct Account char* name /*name of account holder*/ AccountNum accountId;/*and many other details*/ float balance;float interestYTD; /* year to data interest*/ char accountType; /*Savingsr Checking, Loan etc*/ ) AccountNum CreateN

2、ewAccount(const char name, char typeOfAccount);/class BankAccount class BankAccount public:/Many details omitted for simplicity void MakeDeposit (float amount);float withDraw ();bool Transfer(BankAccount& to, float amount); float GetBalance () const; private:/Implementation data for the private use

3、of the BankAccount class float balance;float interesteYTD;char* owner; int account_number;)；/Implementation of an operation of class BankAccount void BankAccount:MakeDeposit(float amount) if (amount0.0) balance = balance+amount; ) / ： /Class Cardenum Suit Clubs, Diamond, Heart, Spade, Unknown;enum R

4、ank Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen,King, Ace, Invalid;enum Color Red, Black;class Card public:void FaceUp (); /Show card face upvoid FaceDown(); /Make it face down/And many other member functionsCard(Rank r, Suit s); /Create a card with these specifications private

5、:Rank cardRank;Suit cardSuit;Color cardColor;；/ / / : class Number public:Number Sqrt();Number Power(Number raiseTo);Number Inverse();Number Absolute(); /absolute value of the number private:/Use some internal representation to store the number ；/第2章什么是数据抽象/typedef Stack* Stackld;typedef int bool;st

6、ruct Stack int* data; /*storage for elements on the stack*/ unsigned count; /*number of elements on the stack*/ int* top; /*pointer to top of stack*/*and more /；class Tint public:/Constructor: Create a Tint from an intTint(int value);Tint(long mostSignificant, unsigned long leastsignificant);/Create

7、 a Tint from a long integer:Tint(long value);/Create a Tint from a short integer:Tint (short value)/Default Constructor:Tint ();/Copy constructor:Tint (const TInt& copy);/Assignment OperatorTInt& operator=(const Tint& assign);/Destructor/Operators for the Tint typeTint operator+ (const Tint&Tint ope

8、rator- (const Tint&operand) const; /addition operand) const; /subtractionTintTintTintoperator*(const operator/(const operator% (constTInt& multiplicand) const; /multiplicationTint* divideBy) const; /divisionTInt& divedeBy) const; /modulo division/Add operand to this numberTint operator+=(conset Tint

9、s opeand);/Many other operators omitted for simplicity./Raise this Tint number to the power 1 to Tint per(const Tints to) const;void Print () const;/Return the absolute value of this TintTint Absolute() const;/Change sign of this numbervoid FlipSign ();/Helper functionslong GetMostSignificantPart()

10、const;unsigned long GetLeastSignificantPart () const; private:/Internal representation of the Tint typeunsigned long _least Significant Part;long _mostSignificantPart;/and probably some private member functions tootypedef short ErrorCode; class TLaserDiscPlayer public:/OperationsErrorCode ErrorCode

11、ErrorCode ErrorCode ErrorCodePlay(unsigned atChapter = 0);Stop(void);SearchFor(unsigned chapter);OpenTray ();CloseTray ();void PowerOn ();void PowerOff();ErrorCode Pause();/ConstructorTLaserDiscPlayer ();/Destructor*TLaserDiscPlayer ();/and many more private:enum ETrayStatus eClosed, eOpen;enum EPow

12、erStatus eOffz eOn;enum EPlayerMode ePlay, eSearch, ePause, eStop;ETrayStatus _trayStatus; /open or closedEPowerStatus _powerStatus; /On or OffEPlayerMode _playerMode; /Playing, searching etc. /and many more ；/Implementation of operator +Tint Tint:operator+(const Tint& operand) const /Tint is the re

13、turn type of this opertor function/* code for computing the sum of operand and the Tint number on which the operator+ function is invoked which is pointed to by the this pointer.This function computes the sum of *this and operand and returns the sumas a new Tint number. It does not modify *this or o

14、perand (hence theconst qualifier), The algorithm is1. Add the _leastSignificantPart parts and save the carry bit.2. Add the _mostSignificantPart parts using the carry bit.3. Store (1) and (2) in a temporary Tint number4. Return the temporary Tint number by value.*/Tint result = *this; /calls the Cop

15、y Constructor unsigned char carry = 0;/Add the leastsignificant parts and check for any carryresult ._least Significant Part+=operand.GetLeastSignif icantPart();if(result._1eastSignificantPart0) _size = stacksize;_sp = new int size; /Allocate memory for stack elements /Initialize all elements to zer

16、o for (int i=0; i!=_size; +i) _sp i = 0;else _sp = 0; /set the pointer to the unique value _size = 0;_count = 0; /no elements on the stack )Tintstack:Tintstack(const TIntStack& source) /Code written here can access all regions of class TintStack /since the copy constructor is a member function of th

17、e class./The argument source is an object of Tintstack.size = source ._size;if (_size0) /Allocate memory only when size is positive _sp = new int _size; /Allocate memory for stack elements _count = source._count; /#of elements on the stack /Next copy all the elements from source to our stack for int

18、 i=0; i!=_count; +i) _spi = source._spi;)else (_sp = 0; /set the pointer to the unique value _count = 0; /no elements on the stack) )*Function to print all the elements of a Stack*We Pop () elements sequentially and print them in the same order.* /void Printstack(Tintstack thisOne) /Find out the num

19、ber of elements on the Stack unsigned i = thisOne.HowMany();for (unsigned j = 0; j!=i; +j)coutthisOne.Pop()endl; /Print the poped element )#include IntStack h#include using namespace std;int main() /Code written here can access anything in the public region of the class/Tintstack and nothing else in

20、side the class.TintStack a (5); /auto object, destroyed on exit from main() Tintstack b(20); /auto object, destroyed on exit from mani() Tintstack * ip = new Tintstack; /dynamic objectfor (int i=l; i!=6; +i) /Push consecutive integers a , push (i);b.Push (-i); /negative value pushed)/Continue Push o

21、perations on bfor ( ; i=10; +i) /Push consecutive integersb.Push (-i); /negative value pushedPrintstack (a); /See what it contains a = b; /Assign one stack to another PinntStack(*ip);delete ip; /Why this? see below;return 0;)Tintstack:-Tintstack() coutExecuting the destructor for TntStackn; delete _

22、sp;TintStacks operator=(TIntStack& source);TintStacks operator=(const TintStacks source) /Check for assignment to self (of the form a=a) . 1 this * is the /address of the object being assigned to and source is the object /being assigned. &source gives the address of the object. if (this = &source) c

23、out this-_size) /The count of element in source is more than the size of /destination/Throw away memory in sp and allocate a new one /See below for explanation.delete _sp;this-_size = source._size;_sp = new intthis-_size;)/This code is common to both cases described above. Walk/through the stack and

24、 copy elementsfor (int i=0; i!=source._count; +i) this-_spi = source._spi;/ copy elements this-_count = source._count;return *this; /See below for explanation)class TString public:TString (const char* sp) _data = new charstrlen(sp)+l; strcpy(_data, sp);)TStringS operator=(const TString& assign);priv

25、ate:char* _data; /pointer to character string；TString& TString:operator=(const TStrings assign) /Wrong code. No check is done for assignment to self delete this-_data;data = new char strlen (assign ._data) +1 ;strcpy(this-_data, assign._data);return *this;void Tintstack:Push(int what) if (_count_siz

26、e) /If there is room for more elements _sp _count = what; /Store element _count+; /increment countelse coutnStack is Full. Cannot Push value11 whatendl;)int Tintstack:Pop() if (_count=0) /Stack is empty coutnStack is Emptynn;exit (1); /How will we indicate failure otherwise?/In production code we wo

27、uld throw an exception here _count;return _sp_count;)unsigned Tintstack:HowMany() const return _count;/A Person class class TPerson public:TPerson (const char theName, const char theAddress = 0; const char* GetName() const;private:char* _name; /pointer to charaters char* _address;；class TListNode; /

28、a forward declaration-to be completed later class TListIterator;class TList public:TList(); /Create a simple linked list unsigned HowMany() const; class TListNode /other declarations private:TListNode* _next; /pointer to next nodeTListNode* _previous; /pointer to previous node ；class TstopWatch publ

29、ic:TstopWatch();private:static long& _systemClock; /a reference to the system clock )；/ /第4章OOP中的初始化和无用单元搜集/ /A Person class class TPerson public:constructorchar theAddress, long theBirthDate); source);TPerson() /*no code*/ /default TPerson (const char name, const unsigned long theSSN, unsigned TPer

30、son& operator= (const TPerson& TPerson(const TPerson& source);TPerson ();void SetNam(const char theNewName); void Print () const; /details omitted for simplicity private: char* _name; /pointer to charaters unsigned long _ssn; /Social security number (here in the U.S) unsigned long _birthDate; char*

31、_address;)；TPerson:TPerson() /assignment style constructor, not recommended /but is still better than no code at all. _name = 0; _address = 0; _ssn = 0; _birthDate = 0; /A Person class class TPerson public: TPerson() (unsigned long theBirthDate); TPerson (const char name, const char theAddressr unsi

32、gned long theSSN, unsigned long theBirthDate); TPerson& operator=(const TPerson& source); TPerson(const TPerson& source); TPerson(); void SetNam(const char NewName); void Print () const; /details omitted for simplicity private: char* _name; /pointer to charaters unsigned long _ssn; /Social security

33、number (here in the U.S) const unsigned long _birthDate; char* _address; /as an array of characters ；TPerson:TPerson(unsignedlongtheBirthDate)_birthDate(theBirthDate) /initializarion phase begins here /Assignment phase of the constructor begins here _name = 0; _ssn = 0; _address = 0;class TCar priva

34、te:unsigned _weight; /weight of car, in pounds short _driveType; /four wheel or two wheel TPerson _owner; /who owns this car /other details not important public:Tear(const char name, const char address, unsigned long ssn, unsigned long ownerBirthDate, unsigned weight = 900, short driveType =2); )Tea

35、r:Tear(const char name, const char address, unsigned long ssn, unsinged long ownerBirthDate, unsigned weight) :_owner(name, address, ssn, ownerBirthDate) /Initializes the TPerson object, _owner, by calling an appropriate /constructor, supplying the owner 1s name, address, ssn, and birthdate |/code f

36、or constructor not shown for brevity of example )class TDate public:enum EMonth eJan = 1, eFeb, eMar, eApr, eMay, eJun, eJul, eAug, eSep, eOct, eNov, eDec;/Simple constructorsTDate(unsigned day, EMonth mon, unsigned year);TDate (const char date); /date passed in as a stringTDate (); /sets date from the operating system dateunsigned GetYear () const;EMonth GetMonth() const;unsigned GetDay () const; /day of the month /convenience functions .void Ad