2015考研英语(一)阅读强化班讲义.docx
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1、2015考研英语(一)阅读强化讲义(Part A/B)陈正康博士编讲院正康老聊的鼠功美语蓍言Whether you are I ion or gaze I Ie you must spr i nt for survival !Whether you are poor or wealthy you must strive for success!I can make itYes I can第一部分Part A1.1评价目标考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等,体裁 包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。对所读材料,考生应能:1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息
2、;3)理解文中的概念性含义4)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;5)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;6)进行一定的判断和推理和引申;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和论据1.2命题思路透析与技巧点拨【细节题】典型例题1例 !. One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across
3、the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the “cashless soci
4、ety is not on the horizon its already here.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to,A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB obtain more convenient services than other people doC enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD cash money wherever he wishes to56. From
5、the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn thatA in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB credit cards are mainly used in the United State todayC nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before贞酮题2Yet the BBC will have to cha
6、nge, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels 一 !TV and Channel 4 - were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satell
7、ite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers* subscriptions 一 which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than.A the emergence of commercial TV channelsB the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by t
8、he governmentC the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobsD the challenge of new satellite channels实战训练例 !.What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America - breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would
9、single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, spatial thinking about things technological.1 .According to the author, the great outburst of major inv
10、entions in early America was in a large part due to.A elementary schoolsB enthusiastic workersC the attractive premium systemD a special way of thinking例 2. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they
11、share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services than males.2 .Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA more inclined to weigh what they getB attentive to
12、researchers, instructionsC nice in both appearance and temperamentD more generous than their male companions例 3. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an i
13、llegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that fomiliar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear tha
14、t substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.“Substance abuse(Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that.A substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally usedB drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugt
15、akersC alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaineD many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous例 4.With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be r
16、ight-it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.The author believes that Futurist poetry is.A based on reasonable principlesB new and acceptable to ordinary peopleC indicative of a basic change in
17、human natureD more of a transient phenomenon than literature例 5.1f the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry
18、and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.The selection of medical professionals are currently based on.A candidates9 sensitivity B academic achievementsC competit
19、ive spiritD surer values例 6.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. Those things that do not show up in the test scores - personality, ability, courage or humanity ar
20、e completely ignored/ says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Partys education committee. Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the out
21、cry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the Japanes
22、e morality of respect for parents.0Which of the following is true according to the author?A Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.B Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.C More stress should be placed on the cultivation
23、 of creativity.D Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.例 ?. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.47. Misled people tend to think that usi
24、ng an animal in research isA cruel but naturalB inhuman and unacceptableC inevitable but viciousD pointless and wasteful例 8.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposit
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