2021年吉林省高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2021年吉林省髙考英语总复习:阅读理解1. Dutch author Marieke Lucas Rijneveld has become one of the youngest writers to be shortlisted （列入候选）for a Booker prize, after their debut novel （处女作）made the final line - up for the International Booker.Rijneveld, a rising star in Dutch literature, is 28 - lightly older than B

2、ritish author Daisy Johnson was when she was shortlisted for the Booker prize in 2018 age 27. The author, who identifies as male and uses the pronouns they/them, was shortlisted after a six - hour virtual （虚拟的）judging meeting for the 50, 000 prize, which is shared equally between writer and translat

3、or, for The Discomfort of Evening, translated by Michele Hutchison. The novel, tells of a girl whose brother dies in a skating accident and draws from Rijnevelds own experiences： when they were three, their 12 - year - old brother was knocked over and killed by a bus.“Rijnevelds language renders （重现

4、）the world again, revealing the shocks and violence of early youth through the angle of a Dutch dairy farm. The strangeness of a child looking at the strangeness of the world is in it, said judges of the work.The Discomfort of Evening is one of six novels in the running for the International Booker,

5、 each of which, said chair of judges Ted Hodgkinson, restlessly reinvents （重 塑）received narratives, from foundational myths to family folklore, plunging us into discomfiting and delightful encounters with selves in a state of transition （过渡）.Hodgkinson chaired a panel （专家组）of five judges who selecte

6、d the shortlist from 124 submissions. The coronavirus pandemic meant their meeting had to be virtual, but Hodgkinson said he and his panel still managed to discuss the line - up for more than six hours.The winner will be announced on 19 May.(1) We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that.A. Rijneveld i

7、s a young male writer.B. Rijneveld and the translator Michele Hutchison will share the $ 50, 000 prize.C. Daisy Johnson was the youngest writer shortlisted for a Booker prize this year.D. The Discomfort of Evening is partly adapted from Rijnevelds own experiences.(2) Which can we infer from the pass

8、age? A. Rijnevelds brother died from a skating accident.B. The judges of the work speak highly of Rijnevelds language.C. Six novels reveal the shocks and violence of early youth on a Dutch dairy farm.D. Hodgkinson and his panel were unhappy to discuss the line - up online for over six hours.(3) Why

9、did the panel have a virtual judging meeting? A. Because of the coronavirus pandemic.B. Because there were too many submissions.C. Because it was more effective online.D. Because the judges lives too far away from each other.(4) What is the most suitable title of the passage? A. Booker prize winner

10、will be announcedB. Rijneveld, one of the most youngest Booker winnerC. International Booker prize shortlist led by 28 - year - olds debutD. The Discomfort of Evening a novel running for the International Booker2. To me, life without music would not be exciting. I realize that this is not true for e

11、verybody. Many people get along quite well without going to the concert, or listening to the record. But music plays an important part in everyones life, whether he realizes it or not. Try to imagine, for example, what films or TV plays would be like without music. Would the feelings, the moving plo

12、ts and the greatest interests be so exciting or dramatic? Im not sure about it.Now we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning the kind of music we hear in the concert hall. But if we look at some parts of music more carefully, we discover them in our everyday life too in the rhythm of

13、 the sea, themelodyof a bird in the woods and so on. So music surely has meaning for everyone, in some way or other. And, of course, it has special meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writing music.It is well said, Through music a child enters a world of beauty, ex

14、presses himself from his heart feels the joy of doing things alone, learns to take care of others, develops his mind and makes his body strong.(1) What does the writer say more about in the text? A. Life full of musicB. The importance of musicC. Life without musicD. The development of music(2) From

15、the text, we learn that many people.A. get along quite well without musicB. go to the concert instead of enjoying musicC. dont realize the importance of musicD. think music would be less exciting than films(3) What does the underlined word “melody in the second paragraph mean in the text? _A. Living

16、.B. Looking.C. Flying.D. Singing.(4) From the last paragraph, we learn that music.A. is very necessary for our everyday lifeB. is very important, especially for childrenC. can make our life exciting and dramaticD. can enter into another beautiful world3. Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distr

17、essing and so physically unhealthy that being lonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent. But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26, just as the COVID - 19 pandemic gripped the world, resear

18、chers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv. It is the first study in humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain that governs very basic impulses fbr reward and motivation. So, our need to connect is apparently as fund

19、amental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain responses to loneliness and hunger. 40 adult participants underwent a 10 - hour session depriving （剥夺） them of food and another 10 - hour session denying them social contact. Both sessions s

20、erved as a control （对照）condition for each other.The social - isolation condition was challenging to arrange. Some people are lonely in a crowd， while others enjoy solituderTo induce （弓I 起）not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend t

21、heir time from 9 A. M. to 7 P. M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia n

22、igra, a center of dopamine （多巴胺）release involved with motivation and desire. The dopaminergic response shows a strong wanting. In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found

23、that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self - reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally, the researchers used machine learning to

24、confirm their findings. A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting （斋戒） proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social - isolation condition even thoughit had never seen* them. So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two

25、 states.Even before the COVID - 19 pandemic, an obvious next question for the work was whether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection. Those researchers were never able to get funding for such a study. But now it seems they will.（1） The report posted on March 26

26、.A. is based on the social - isolation condition during the pandemicB. is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC. reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD. shows human need for reward and motivation（2） What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why inducing feelings of

27、loneliness was challenging.B. How loneliness was created among participants.C. Why participants were denied access to phones.D. How researchers compared brain responses.(3 )We can infer that participants* substantia nigra showed response(s) to the image of flowers.A. littleB. variousC. strongD. cons

28、istent(4) What does the underlined *it* in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The neural signature.B. Fasting.C. Machine learning.D. The classifier.4. Dolphin (海月豕) or not a dolphin? That is the question! You see there are several types of dolphins. Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.

29、What are the 32 types of dolphins? When people are asking the question* they are actually referring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas. The river dolphins living in fresh water are not included in these species (物种). But what would be the answer in this case if we ask, *Dolphin or not a do

30、lphin? * The answer would obviously be yes. River dolphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins, some do not actually wear the word dolphin in their names, such as the tucuxi, while others actually have the word whale as part of their names even if they are not whales bu

31、t in fact, belong to the dolphin family, for example, the melon -headed whale and the killer whale. So what would be the answer to the question dolphin or not a dolphin? in these cases? It would be yes. All these species do belong to the dolphin family.Another question that people ask is, Are the se

32、a animals that perform at aquariums (水 族的 all dolphins? So, it always seems to come back to the question, Dolphin or not a dolphin? ” Well the answer is no in this case. The sea animals that perform there are not all dolphins. The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family becaus

33、e they show what seems like a smile, like most dolphins, are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about dolphins, you probably realize that certain sea animals may appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of the whale family but in eithe

34、r case, it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a sea animal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin. That is the question!(1) Which of the following actually belongs to the whale family? A. The tucuxi.B. The beluga.C. The killer whale.D. The melon - headed whale.(2) What do we know ab

35、out the majority of the dolphins? A. They perform for audience.B. They appear friendly.C. They look like whales.D. They live in fresh water.(3) What paragraph could be added about dolphins before the last paragraph if you were the author? A. The living area.B. Dolphin training.C. The eating habits.D

36、. Further identification.(4) This article can be classified as.A. popular scienceB. literary fictionC. a news reportD. a travel diary5. Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On - Hop Off and City Sightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages. Choose between t

37、hree different routes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city： The Classic Copenhagen tour, the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour. It is up to you if you want to stay on board for a full ride or if you want to get off and explore sights on the way. You can h

38、op off and on as much as you like. If you prefer a non - stop tour, then Copenhagen Panorama is perfect for you. This tour will take you to all the main attractions. It is live guided in English and includes photo stops at The Little Mermaid, Amalienborg Palace and the Opera.Danes love being close t

39、o the water and this is no exception in Copenhagen. The water side of the city is very lively, and citizens love to spend their spare time along the canals. Explore the harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour. Choose between the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour or the Hop On - Hop Off

40、 boat tour with audio guide and experience Copenhagen and its beauty from the water side.If you cant decide between bus and boat - no worries. You can get both. A ticket that combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at your own pace. With our combination t

41、ickets you even save money compared to buying separate tickets. A ticket to our combination tours allows you to experience all that Copenhagen has to offer from the water as well as from the land. Of course, you can freely switch between our buses and boats at various spots across the city if you go

42、 for the hop - on hop - off option.Experience all the main attractions in the city： The Little Mermaid, the royal castle Amalienborg Palace, picturesque historical buildings like the colorful Nyhavn and feel the free spirit of Freetown Christania and the hygge at Frederiksbergs green areas. Our buse

43、s and boats take you easily to all the top attractions in Copenhagen!(1) The text is most probably taken from.A. a research paper B. a text bookC. a travel brochureD. a user guide(2) What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.B. The Colorful Copenha

44、gen tour is a non - stop tour.C. Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.D. All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen Panorama tour.（3） If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace, which might be the best choice4? A. Choose the classic I hour live g

45、uided Grand Tour.B. Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.C. First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket for all the attractions.D. Explore the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.6. Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrien

46、ts （营养物） needed to support the planets ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet - carbon.Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way

47、it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate （碳酸双盐）in the water

48、 that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments （沉淀物）for millions of years.As carbo

49、n travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that f