高中英语时态知识点总结.docx

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1、高中英语时态知识点总结英语时态学问点总结1一般此时此刻时表示客观事实或平凡真理(不受时态限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 101oC. 表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. 表示知觉、看法、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般此时此刻时：see、hear、sme

2、ll、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般此时此刻时代替将来时。但要留意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表意愿，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,

3、 my family will be pleased.假如你情愿承受并参与我们的舞会，我的家人会特别开心。 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般此时此刻时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、打算或支配要发生的动作。当be表示依据时间或事先支配，确定会出现的状态，只用一般此时此刻时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.英语时态学问点总结2一般过去时 一般过去时的根本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或

4、状态常与表示过去详细的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境示意);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或盼望的事通常用过去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt. 假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如： He told me he read an interesting novel

5、 last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。 The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 常用一般过去时的句型： Why didnt you / I think of that? I didnt notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been th

6、ere with my brother before. I didnt recognize him.英语时态学问点总结3一般将来时 表示将来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等)。 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 Well die without air or water. 表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进展时的形式表示将来时。 be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区分： be going to 表示此

7、时此刻准备在最近或将来要做某事，这种准备往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种打算;shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的确定。 be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will那么能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确) If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误) be to do sth.表按打算、支配即将发生的动作，还可表示叮嘱、吩咐、制止，可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this aft

8、ernoon. be about to do sth.表示即可，就要，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start.英语时态学问点总结4此时此刻进展时 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不必须是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的支配或打算;go、come等起止动作可用进展时代替将来时。如： It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six

9、 I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.) The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色调) 下面四类动词不宜用此时此刻进展时。(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem

10、 belong to, depend on。(C)表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。英语时态学问点总结5过去完成时 常用过去完成时的几种状况：(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 car

11、s. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的盼望、准备、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。(C)时间名词 + before在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时;时间名词 + ago在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at le

12、ast 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示一就的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。 After he (h

13、ad)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed.英语时态学问点总结6过去将来时 参照一般将来时比照：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进展时表过去将来时;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。英语时态学问点总结7过去进展时过去某一时刻正在进展的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状

14、语从句中。英语时态学问点总结8此时此刻完成时 此时此刻完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。 以下句型中常用此时此刻完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is

15、the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时 在时间或条件状语从句中，此时此刻完成时可以代替一般将来时。如： I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.英语时态学问点总结9时态区分 一般过去时与此时此刻完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，

16、不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。 结果上有差异：此时此刻完成时强调的是对此时此刻的影响和结果，动作到此时此刻刚完成或还在接着;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在过去，和此时此刻毫无关系。 过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是过去的过去;如出现同一主语连续几个动作(连谓)形式那么只用一般过去时即可。 2、被动语态考察要点简述 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的根本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语

17、有时可以省略)。 (1)运用被动语态时应留意的几个问题。 主动改变被动时双宾语的改变。看以下例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day lon

18、g. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉尾巴。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等构造变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、

19、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如： People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known

20、 to be made in China first. 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that (2)不能用被动语态的几种状况。 全部的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。 表示盼望、意图的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hat

21、e等。 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。 有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特殊是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 (3)主动形式表被动意义。 当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示起先、完毕、关、停、转、启动等意义时。 This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 These novels wont sell w

22、ell.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door wont lock.门锁不上。 The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示发生、关闭、制定等意思时。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 在be

23、 + 形容词 + to do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with. 另外：be to blame(受责问)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。 (4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种状况。 be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。 be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. (5)被动语态与系表构造的区分 被动语态强调动作;系表构造表主语的特点或状态。如： The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表构造)