考研英语长难句笔记.docx
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1、句子一定有主谓,主语一定是动作发出者,如果有宾语一定是动作接收者英语句子的基本结构1、主谓2、主谓宾谓语:实义动词3、主谓表(主系表)谓语:系动词*be* 感官动词look(=seem=appear) smell taste(名词喜爱喜好)sound (名词声音,形容词甜美)feel* 变化 become get turn grow fall* 保持 keep stay remain stand4、主谓双宾语 I bought him a dog 不能 he is dog5、主谓宾宾补 You should keep the room clean and tidy 有关系区别在于:只需要在最后
2、俩个宾语之间加个be动词,如果读起来意思对则有关系(很重要)句子的成分-词性的问题谓语1、谓语的成分有时态的实义动词或系动词充当谓语2、一句话当中动词能不能多?*绝对不能多,一句话中只能有一个动词并且充当谓语,多余的动词全部变成非/谓语动词他穿上外衣,锁上门,离开了家He ( putting on his jacket, locking the door), left home大熊猫 Pandas are the rarest members in bear family .mainly living in the forest of Chinesesouthwest长江流经不同的生态体系,是
3、诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。Yang Zi River flowing through diverse ecological system , keeps the home of a sea ofendangered species , irrigating Chinese 1/5 land我爱你,你爱我I loving you , you love me 独立主格冬天来了,春天就不远了Winter approaching , spring will ( be around the corner)我是一个老师,我很喜欢唱歌Being a teacher (分词做状语,和独立
4、主格一个意思),I have passion for singing songs*动词能不能少(能不能没有谓语)绝对不能,当一句话需要动词而没有动词的时候,永远加be动词,并且be动词没有意思I ( am ) against you , Your mother must ( be ) very beautiful谓语只能是动词动词只能做谓语两者是一个东西,分析上来找动词所以我们需要把一句话当中所有不做谓语的动词全部变成不是动词-非/谓语动词(ing主动,ed被动,to do目的)谓语的总结一句话当中,有且只能有一个,有时态的实义动词或者是系动词的存在,并且充当谓语主语主语的成分名词代词非谓语动
5、词从句-引导词+句子Handsomeness and strength are his natureBeing handsome and strong is his nature主语能不能少绝对不能,那一句话没有主语怎么办呢?1、加it作主语:必须与天气,温度,时间有关系It feels (系动词替换 be ) exceedingly in the cabin2、there be句型,听到“有的时候使用there exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me3、被动:当听到一句话没有主语或者是人称代词作主语都可以考虑写成被动Pe
6、rsistence must be pointed out outstandingly (非常)crucial (重要)Overfishing is claimed more than (后面加形容词做非常的意思)fearful (严重的)byan increasing amount of professors三种情况无被动动词后面有介词时,无被动系动词没有被动Have表达“有”的意思时,无被动4,人称代词:I you we最好不用如果有梦想,就会成功If there exists a dream , glories are supposed to be achieved宾语名词代词非谓语动词
7、宾语从句表语名词代词x is me非谓语动词从句形容词介词短语in ChongqingI like (实义动词带宾语)being in CQLadies love beauty ( being beautiful )简单句的考点分析1,写作* 1、所有写不来的长难句都先写成简单句,一定要语法正确* 2、所有写不来的单词都可以写成自己会的词汇,反正老师不知道我的意思2、长难句分析* 1、找动词也就是谓语,从而找到主谓宾,如果一句话找到多个动词,就确定主句的谓语动词(前面没有引导词的那个动词就是主句的谓语动词)P29妒嫉本身就是一种仰望Being jealous is a kind of wors
8、hip有意义就是好好活Being meaningful proves ( is ) to (已经有动词)live well好好活就是有意义Living well seems ( is ) to do meaningful things什么是并列句:就是用连词连接俩个句子英语中常见的连词平行关系:and , not only-but alsoSimilarly , equally , likewise , at the same time , in the meanwhile转折:but , yet , while , whereasHowever , nevertheless , on the
9、 contrary , converselyUnexpectedly unfortunately选择:or, whether-orAlternatively因果:for, so纯连词Therefore , thus , consequently , as a result递进:thenBesides , furthermore , moreover , additionally , subsequentlyIn addition并列句的考点分析写作:只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系,就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)P64爱情早已不在了,他还在留恋过去Romance has ev
10、aporated ,逗号可有可无)but she still misses the past.On the contrary , she still misses the past,and on the contray she still连词和其他的逻辑关系词的区别在于连词的前面,有无逗号都可,而其他的逻辑关系词的前面,要么用句号要么加and 有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎There remain an army of companies coming from afar , and consequently (所以),I feel more than delighted都说我如水百变,可是我清澈不变
11、I am claimed changeable like water. By contrast , my clarity keeps consistentDo you still keep that day in mind ? I failed to past CET4, and as a result , I shed tears in the rain alone. At the same time ,you came up to me and subsequently you bet my shoulderand told me “there exists no destination
12、in life完型:只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后俩句话的关系长难句分析:在分析长难句的时候,只要见到有并列连词的出现,通常都会有省略,翻译的时候先把省略的补上,分析的第二步就是找连词,但是当连词在连接俩个单词的时候就装作没看见,那如何查找省略的内容呢?一句话只要有省略,就一定是省略在连词后而不是前一-所以连词后面有的成分连词前面通常(如果连词后只有一个成分,前面一定能找到,如果连词后有多个成分,连词前不一定都能找到)都要有一连词前面有而连词后面没有便是省略的内容P61 peculiar古怪的二weird=oddpeculiar to什么什么所特有的,专属的Specific=concrete 具体的
13、说名词和名词性从句名词能够充当的成分1、主语 the movie looks terrific2、宾语 I admire his mother3、表语 Gump is a man4、同位语 I enjoy the part , the beginning同位语:用来解释名词的成分就是同位语My mother, a typical housewife , enjoy playing Mahjong , a Chinese entertainment 只要在作文中见到名词,都可以有意识地在他后面加个同位语,对该名词进行补充说明 Persistence (, an active mentality
14、,) plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults 同位语的成分名词代词非谓语从句什么是名词性从句名词在句子中能够充当的成分,从句都能充当,这就是名词性从句名词性从句的引导词That he has got divorce is my faultWhether he has got divorced is obviousWho he will marry is a secret名词性从句的引导词是按照弓I导词的类型分的类,一共把引导词分为三类1、That:当从句是陈述句时,并且that在从句中补充当任何成分也没有任
15、何意思2、Whether:当从句是一般疑问句时。并且whether在从句中也没有充当成分,意思是是否3、所有的特殊疑问词:当从句是特殊疑问句时并且英语中所有的从句都一定是陈述句也就是引导词加主语加谓语的形式练习I am wondering whether aliens exist (宾语从句) That ladies tend to (总是)be right remains (保持,一直都是)common knowledge.(主语从句)My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese conventional vir
16、tue Someday , one will perceive (发现)that career , kinship and friendship prove ( are )more indispensable (重要的)than romance.(that 引导的宾语从句)The point seems when wealth will become ( be ) available for you.你什么时候有钱名词性从句的考点分析写作1、主语从句主语从句的满分表达就是,把主语从句放到句末去加it来做形式主语It.that.It is apparent that 显而易见It looks b
17、eyond dispute that 显而易见(超过争论)It has been widely accepted that 显而易见It is universally acknowledged that 显而易见It keeps my argument that 我认为主语从句的满分句型可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面用来拉长句子It looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight2、同位语从句同位语从句既可以放在它所解释的名词后也可放在整句话的后面The matter
18、 (that he managed to find a girlfriend ) makes his superiors rejoicedNothing can hide the truth that she is getting oldThe outlook proves wrong that private individuals ( people ) in HN seem all deceiversThe evidence (that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms ) indicates (表明)that kids sh
19、ould by no means ( no ) be spoiled by their senior citizens (父母)长难句分析能够识别各个名词性从句并把它们通顺的翻译出来1、如何识别主语从句只要见到有引导词放在句首并且从句后没有被逗号隔开,就一定是主语从句,主语从句从句首开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束,除此以外在分析长难句的时候,见到it.that 也通常都是主语从句,主语从句从that开始到句末结束2、如何识别宾语从句只要实义动词后面有个弓I导词就暂定为宾语从句(状语从句还没有讲)P827 reason做动词推理 in doing sth在做什么的过程中3、如何识别表语从句只要系动
20、词的后面有个引导词就是表语从句4、如何识别同位语从句只要名词的后面有个引导词,就暂定为同位语从句(更可能是定语从句)定语什么是定语只要听到的+名词,的就是修饰这个名词的定语成分定语的成分1、形容词作定语The innocent (善良的)nightingale diedThe nightingale ( brave and innocent) died2、名词(短语)作定语The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom3、介词短语作定语The n out of the window heard the sighs (感叹) of t
21、he youngster4、非谓语动词作定语The singing n lost his life5、从句定语的位置前小后大:当一个单词修饰名词的时候通常放在名词前,当多个单词修饰名词的时候放在名词后This is a fiction about n and roseThe youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince 懂爱的年轻人The boy rejected looks pitiful (当过去分词修饰名词的时候,即使只有一单词,也通常放在名词后)I have something important to tell you
22、 (当形容词修饰不定代词的时候,即使只有一*单词也通常放在名词后)定语从句定语从句的构成:n (先行词)+引导词+句子(从句)定语从句的引导词是按照先行词的种类分的类,一共分成五类1、当先行词是人的时候,引导词有who , whom , whose2、当先行词是物的时候,引导词有that , which , whose3、时间,有 that , which , when4、地点,有 that , which , where5、原因,有 that , which , why谁决定引导词的用法I will never forget the day ( when )副词 I met you 句子完整
23、I will never forget the day (that)代词 we spent 缺宾语1、看先行词2、引导词在从句中能充当的成分以上共同决定定语从句引导词新的分类标准按照引导词本身的词性分类,分为三类1、代词(在从句中一定要充当主语或者宾语的成分):who whom that which2、副词(在从句中不能充当任何主干成分):where when why3、形容词(在从句中修饰离他最近的那个名词):whoseIt has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those (人)who have dreams
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