欧洲文化入门Europe-culture2-The-Bible-and-Christianity课件.ppt

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1、The Bible and Christianityn nBible n nThe Old Testamentn nRise of Christianityn nThe New Testamentn nTranslation of the Biblen nBible:a collection of religious writings comprising two parts:the Old Testament and the New Testament.n nThe Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God.n nThe New Testa

2、ment is about the doctrine(教义)of Jesus Christ.n nThe word“Testament”means“agreement”，the agreement between God and Man.It is essential for students of any aspect of European It is essential for students of any aspect of European culture and influence to have knowledge of the Bible.The culture and in

3、fluence to have knowledge of the Bible.The Bible is constantly referred to in most western art and in Bible is constantly referred to in most western art and in common western sayings.Without knowing the stories of common western sayings.Without knowing the stories of the Bible it is impossible to u

4、nderstand western culture.the Bible it is impossible to understand western culture.Around 3,800 years ago the Hebrews who were the Around 3,800 years ago the Hebrews who were the ancestors of the Jews wandered through the deserts as ancestors of the Jews wandered through the deserts as traveling mer

5、chants until C.1300 BC when they settled in traveling merchants until C.1300 BC when they settled in Canaan(modern day Israel/Palestine).Canaan(modern day Israel/Palestine).The Hebrews history and stories were handed down by The Hebrews history and stories were handed down by word of mouth until it

6、was later recorded in what the Jewish word of mouth until it was later recorded in what the Jewish call the Torah but for Christians it is referred to as the Old call the Torah but for Christians it is referred to as the Old Testament of the Bible.Testament of the Bible.Noahs ArkAccording to Genesis

7、 1,God created the world in 6 days:The First Day.Light.Gen 1:3-5 Then God said,Let there be light;and there was light.And God saw the light,that it was good;and God divided the light from the darkness.God called the light Day,and the darkness He called Night.So the evening and the morning were the f

8、irst day.The Second Day.The Firmament Gen 1:6-8 Then God said,Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters,and let it divide the waters from the waters.Thus God made the firmament,and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament;and it was s

9、o.And God called the firmament Heaven.So the evening and the morning were the second day.The firmament here refers to the atmospheric heaven where the clouds are as well as the celestial heaven where the stars are.The Fourth Day.The Sun,Moon,and Stars Gen 1:14-19 Then God said,Let there be lights in

10、 the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night;and let them be for signs and seasons,and for days and years;and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth;and it was so.Then God made two great lights:the greater light to rule the day,and the les

11、ser light to rule the night.He made the stars also.God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth,and to rule over the day and over the night,and to divide the light from the darkness.And God saw that it was good.So the evening and the morning were the fourth day.The Fifth D

12、ay.Sea Animals,and Birds Gen 1:20-23 Then God said,Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures,and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the firmament of the heavens.So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves,with which the waters abounded,accordi

13、ng to their kind,and every winged bird according to its kind.And God saw that it was good.And God blessed them,saying,Be fruitful and multiply,and fill the waters in the seas,and let birds multiply on the earth.So the evening and the morning were the fifth day.The Sixth Day.Land Animals,and Man Gen

14、1:24-31 Then God said,Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to its kind:cattle and creeping thing and beast of the earth,each according to its kind;and it was so.And God made the beast of the earth according to its kind,cattle according to its kind,and everything that creeps on the

15、 earth according to its kind.And God saw that it was good.n nThen God said,Let Us make man in Our image,according to Our likeness;let them have dominion over the fish of the sea,over the birds of the air,and over the cattle,over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.So

16、 God created man in His own image;in the image of God He created him;male and female He created them.n nThen God blessed them,and God said to them,Be fruitful and multiply;fill the earth and subdue it;have dominion over the fish of the sea,over the birds of the air,and over every living thing that m

17、oves on the earth.And God said,See,I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth,and every tree whose fruit yields seed;to you it shall be for food.Also,to every beast of the earth,to every bird of the air,and to everything that creeps on the earth,in which there

18、 is life,I have given every green herb for food;and it was so.Then God saw everything that He had made,and indeed it was very good.So the evening and the morning were the sixth day.The Garden of Eden Michelangelo,The Fall(Genesis 3:6)n nThe Ark was about 450 feet long,75 feet wide,and 45 feet high.I

19、t had three decks and was divided into compartments.Calculations have been made estimating that there was room in the Ark for 7000 species of animalsn n The flood covered the entire world.After a period of 150 days the Ark rested on Mt.Ararat(17,000 ft.)200 miles North of the ancient city of Ninevah

20、.Translations of the Bible n nThe Bible is the most important book in western civilization and it is really an encyclopedia with history,literature and the thought of great minds.n n*The Old Testament was mostly originally written in Hebrew with some in Aramaic and the New Testament is written in a

21、popular form of Greek.*The oldest Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the septuagint and was used by hellenistic Jews and is still used in the Greek Orthodox church.It is invaluable because the original Hebrew text from which it was translated has been lost,probably forever.*The most

22、ancient Latin version was done by St Jerome and was called the Vulgate version(383-405 AD).This made the Bible very popular as Latin was a common language at that time.*Also has a profound influence on literature cf.Steinbecks East of Eden and Hemmingways“The Sun also rises”.Almost all great authors of the English language show a familarity with the Bible.The use of biblical themes has been a literary tradition and noted examples are:Miltons Paradise Lost Bunyans Pilgrims Progress Byrons Cain