自动化专业英语课程介绍47706.pptx

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1、自动化专业英语课程性质和目的初步掌握自动化专业的专业词汇和常用表达方法；能够借助专业词典阅读和翻译专业资料、专业教材、与自动化技术有关的说明书、手册或者其它技术资料；能够初步撰写专业论文摘要和常用应用文。文献范围电路（电路（Theory of CircuitTheory of Circuit）模拟电子技术（模拟电子技术（Analog Electronics TechnologyAnalog Electronics Technology）数字电子技术（数字电子技术（Digital Electronics TechnologyDigital Electronics Technology）电机学（电

2、机学（Theory of Electric Electric MotorsTheory of Electric Electric Motors）自动控制理论（自动控制理论（Automatic Control TheoryAutomatic Control Theory）现代控制理论（现代控制理论（Modern Control TheoryModern Control Theory）微机原理（微机原理（Principle of MicrocomputerPrinciple of Microcomputer）计算机控制技术（计算机控制技术（Computer Control Computer Con

3、trol TechniquesTechniques）过程控制系统（过程控制系统（Process Control SystemProcess Control System）专业词汇电气工程自动控制计算机考试考试内容全部来自教材内阅读：50%翻译：35%写作：15%不能带词典要求生词记熟每篇课文至少读三遍课前课前1 1遍遍课内课内1 1遍遍课后课后1 1遍遍 课前预习通读课文1遍生词查出在页边按1、5、10标上页内行标。页内行标的标注办法：大标题、图形、图题、表格不算一行，公式、小标题算一行。阅读方法Skimming：浏览或者略读。只需要理解文章内容的大约50%，快速地获取中心意思和重点。Scan

4、ning：浏览或者查阅。查阅只需要从文章中有目的地迅速查找某一具体事实或者特定信息。Fast reading：快速阅读。速度为200350 WPM。要求基本上理解文章内容。精读：在阅读的同时对文章从各方面进行分析。New wordspower electronics technology:power electronics technology:电力电子技术电力电子技术 resultant resultant a a.（作为）结果（而产生）的、结局的、（作为）结果（而产生）的、结局的、最后的最后的be proportional tobe proportional to：与与成比例成比例summ

5、ation summation n n.相加、累加、求和相加、累加、求和 proportionality constant proportionality constant 比例常数、比例系数比例常数、比例系数voltage source 电压源 current source 电流源magnitude 幅值 equivalent electrical circuit 等效电路Kirchhoff Law 基尔霍夫定律inductor voltage 电感电压定律 law：各种现象之间恒定关系的简洁陈述。Ohms Law,Faradays law,Kerchhoffs first law,the

6、law of gravity.定义 definition：表达基本特征的说明定理 theorem:在已明晰的假设基础上已被证明或将被证明的命题New wordsPower factor：功率因数phasor：相图、相量vector：向量，矢量the distribution of three-phase power requires only three-fourths as much line copper as does the single-phase distribution of the same amount of power.用三相传输法所消耗的铜只相当于单相传输法所传输同等电量

7、所用铜的四分之三。New wordsGain 增益on the order of 在数量级KVL Kirchhoff Voltage LawOne problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI,depend upon internal properties of the two-port system.对于一般的放大器。一个问题是其增益AU 或者AI取决于两端口系统的内部特性。Operational amplifiers are dif

8、ferential devices运算放大器为差动装置通读通读“Transistors”“Transistors”一至两遍。并回答以下问题：一至两遍。并回答以下问题：What is semiconductor material?What is semiconductor material?Normally how many leads does a transistor Normally how many leads does a transistor get?get?What are the three polarities of a transistor?What are the thre

9、e polarities of a transistor?2 2、Please translate the second paragraph of Please translate the second paragraph of“The Operational Amplifier”into Chinese.“The Operational Amplifier”into Chinese.英语阅读时要注意的几个问题 注意转折词 以意群为单位进行阅读 注意文章的类型 注意整体把握 UNIT 5 A：One of the DC-to-DC Switch-mode Converters-buck Con

10、verterNew words buck converter buck converter 降压变换器降压变换器boost converter boost converter 升压变换器升压变换器 steady state steady state 稳态稳态 filter filter n n.滤波器滤波器 impedance n.impedance n.阻抗阻抗 duration duration n.n.持续（时间）持续（时间）saw-tooth saw-tooth 锯齿（波）锯齿（波）kilohertz kilohertz n n.千赫芝千赫芝 dissipate dissipate v

11、t vt.消耗消耗low-pass low-pass 低通低通 instantaneous ad.instantaneous ad.瞬间的瞬间的fluctuate fluctuate v v.波动、起伏波动、起伏force commutated force commutated 强制换强制换流流 duty ratio duty ratio 占空比占空比 The control voltage signal generally is obtained by amplifying the error,or the difference between the actual output volta

12、ge and its desired value.控制信号通常是由将实际的输出电压与期望的电压之差放大后得到。B：Switch-mode DC-to AC InvertersRectifying:整流,将交流电能变成直流电能Inverting:逆变,而将直流电能转变成交流电能，相应的装置就称为逆变器（Inverter）。New words sinusoidal sinusoidal a.a.正弦的正弦的 kinetic energy kinetic energy 动能动能power flow power flow 功率流功率流regenerative braking regenerative

13、braking 再生制动再生制动cancellation cancellation n.n.补偿补偿utility grid utility grid 公用电网公用电网block diagram block diagram 方框图方框图lag lag v v 滞后滞后quadrant quadrant n n.象限象限 To To slow slow down down the the ac ac motor motor in in Fig Fig 1-5B-1,1-5B-1,the the kinetic kinetic energy energy associated associated

14、 with with the the inertia inertia of of the the motor motor and and its its load load is is recovered recovered and and the the ac ac motor motor acts as a generator.acts as a generator.为为了了制制动动图图1-5B-1,1-5B-1,中中的的交交流流电电动动机机，电电动动机机和和电电动动机机负负载载的的动动能能被被转转化化为为电电能能；此此时时电电动动机机成成为为一个发电机。一个发电机。The The ene

15、rgy energy recovered recovered during during the the braking braking of of the the ac ac motor motor can can be be dissipated dissipated in in a a resistor,resistor,which which can can be be switched switched in in parallel parallel with with the the dc-bus dc-bus capacitor for this purpose in Fig 1

16、-5B-1.capacitor for this purpose in Fig 1-5B-1.交交流流电电动动机机制制动动过过程程所所转转换换的的电电能能可可以以消消耗耗在在一一个个电电阻阻上上。该该电电阻阻在在制制动动过过程程中中被被接接入入，并并且且与与直流母线上的电容相并联。直流母线上的电容相并联。UNIT 6The Utility Interface with Power Electronic System New words Uninterruptible power Uninterruptible power supplies(UPS)supplies(UPS)不间断电不间断电源源

17、utility grid utility grid 公用电网公用电网malfunction malfunction n n.故障故障line frequency line frequency 工频工频 substantial substantial a.a.基本的、本基本的、本质的质的cosine cosine n.n.余弦余弦distortiondistortion n n.畸形、畸变畸形、畸变resonance resonance n n.谐振谐振utility relay utility relay 继电保护继电保护notch notch n n.缺口缺口proliferation pr

18、oliferation n n.扩大、扩扩大、扩散散electromagnetic electromagnetic interference interference 电磁干扰电磁干扰 unipolar unipolar a a.单极性的单极性的 unidirectional unidirectional a a.单方向的单方向的 However,However,all all power power electronic electronic converters converters(including(including those those used used to to prote

19、ct protect critical critical loads)loads)can can add add to to the the inherent inherent power power line line disturbances disturbances by by distorting distorting the the utility utility waveform waveform due due to to harmonic harmonic currents currents injected injected into into the the utility

20、 utility grid grid and by producing electromagnetic interference.and by producing electromagnetic interference.然然而而，所所有有的的电电力力电电子子变变换换装装置置（包包括括那那些些保保护护关关键键负负载载的的）都都会会由由于于谐谐波波电电流流注注入入公公共共电电网网而而产产生生波波形形失失真真或或者者电电磁磁干干扰扰而而产产生生对对电电力力线线的的干干扰。扰。The The importance importance of of the the high high power po

21、wer factor factor has has been been recognized recognized by by residential residential and and office office equipment equipment manufacturers manufacturers for for their their own own benefit benefit to to maximize maximize the the power power available available from from a a wall wall outlet.out

22、let.居居民民和和办办公公设设备备制制造造商商都都已已经经认认识识到到提提高高功功率率因因数数的的重重要要性性。他他们们都都可可以以通通过过提提高高功功率率因因数数而而获获得最大的电能并从中获益。得最大的电能并从中获益。Mal-:坏,错误malfunction 故障malnutrition 营养不良malformation 畸形maladministration 管理不善tort 词根=twist 扭Distort 失真，畸变Torticollis 斜颈contortion 曲解、扭曲 作业Please translate the second paragraphs of The Utili

23、ty Interface with Power Electronic System into Chinese.PART 2 Control TheoryUnit 1A：The World of ControlNew Wordstedious a.令人厌烦的、冗长乏味的 proponent n.支持者、辩护者detractor n.反对者、贬低者 In a modern aircraft,for example,the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control surface a

24、gainst large aerodynamic forces.例如在现代飞行器中，动力助推控制系统将飞行员的力放大以推动受到很大的气流作用的机翼表面。Lumped parameter systems are those for which physical characteristics are assumed to be concentrated in one or more lumps and thus independent of any spatial distribution.集中参数系统是指这样一些系统，其物理特性都集中在一个或者多个集中体上，因此与空间分布无关。In In ef

25、fect,effect,bodies bodies are are assumed assumed rigid rigid and and treated treated as as point point massed;massed;sprigs sprigs are are massless massless and and electrical electrical leads leads resistanceless,resistanceless,suitable suitable corrections corrections are are made made to to the

26、the system system mass mass or or resistance;temperature are uniform;etc.resistance;temperature are uniform;etc.在效果上，物体被假设为是刚体并且质量都集中在效果上，物体被假设为是刚体并且质量都集中在一点上，弹簧的质量可以忽略；导线的电阻为在一点上，弹簧的质量可以忽略；导线的电阻为零；或者是可以得到合适的关系式使得系统的质零；或者是可以得到合适的关系式使得系统的质量、电阻和温度的分布是均匀的。量、电阻和温度的分布是均匀的。B：The Transfer Function and the

27、Laplace Transformation New Words transfer function transfer function 传递函传递函数数 Laplace transformation Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换拉普拉斯变换order order n.n.阶次阶次 stationary stationary n n.稳定稳定 initial condition initial condition 初始条件初始条件polynomial polynomial n n.多项式多项式complex Laplace variable complex Lap

28、lace variable 复拉普拉斯变量复拉普拉斯变量denominator denominator n n.分母分母 numerator numerator n n.分子分子 characteristic function characteristic function 特特征函数征函数operational mathematics operational mathematics 运算数学运算数学ordinary differential ordinary differential equation equation 常微分方程常微分方程homogeneous solution homog

29、eneous solution 通通解解 particular solution particular solution 特解特解 superposition superposition n n.迭加迭加initial value initial value 初值初值final value final value 终值终值shifting theorem shifting theorem 平移定理平移定理piecewisepiecewise a a.分段的分段的 For physical systems N(s)will be of lower order than D(s)since nat

30、ure integrates rather than differentiates.对于实际的系统，由于其积分特性要强于微分特性，所以N(s)的阶次要低于D(s)的阶次。This combination or reduction process is termed block diagram algebra.这一合并和化简过程称为方框图代数。The Laplace transform is an evolution from the unilateral Fourier integral拉氏变换是由单边富立叶变换的演变而来的Since the definite integral of Eq.2

31、-1B-4 is improper,not all functions are Laplace transformable由于方程2-1B-4是奇异的，所以并非所有的函数的拉氏变换都存在。New Words discrete discrete a a.离散的离散的intuitively intuitively advadv.直观地直观地excitation n.excitation n.激励激励equilibrium equilibrium n n.平衡点平衡点criterion criterion n n.criteria .criteria plpl.指指标、尺度、准则标、尺度、准则exp

32、onential exponential a a.指数的指数的 oscillation oscillation n n.振荡振荡qualitatively qualitatively a a.定性地定性地factored form factored form 因式分解的因式分解的形式形式real real a a.实（数）的实（数）的Routh criterion Routh criterion 劳斯判据劳斯判据sign sign n n.符号符号unit step inputunit step input单位阶跃响单位阶跃响应应force solution force solution 强迫

33、解强迫解transient solution transient solution 瞬态解瞬态解 time constant time constant 时间常数时间常数real axis real axis 实轴实轴permissible overshoot permissible overshoot 允允许超调许超调machine tool machine tool 机床机床 gouge gouge vt.vt.在某物上胡乱在某物上胡乱地或者破坏性地凿地或者破坏性地凿 The output will pass through a transient phase and set down t

34、o a steady state response that will be of the same form as,or bounded by,the input.输出经过瞬态阶段后将回到与输入有相同形式的稳态或者是在输入的附近。B：Steady States New Words:ramp ramp n.n.斜坡斜坡A control system is designed to control the A control system is designed to control the behavior(the time response)of a plant subject behavi

35、or(the time response)of a plant subject to commands or disturbances.to commands or disturbances.控制系统设计就是使装置在有指令信号或者干扰控制系统设计就是使装置在有指令信号或者干扰时有满意的行为（时域响应）。时有满意的行为（时域响应）。An accuracy of a system is a measure of how An accuracy of a system is a measure of how well if follows commands.well if follows comma

36、nds.系统的精度是衡量其是否能够跟踪指令的一个指系统的精度是衡量其是否能够跟踪指令的一个指标。标。UNIT 3A：The Root LocusNew Words:performance criteria performance criteria 性能性能指标指标 Routh-Hurwitz criterion Routh-Hurwitz criterion 劳斯劳斯-霍尔维茨判据霍尔维茨判据 transient response transient response 瞬态响瞬态响应应 characteristic equation characteristic equation 特征方程特征

37、方程 unfactored unfactored a a.未因式分解未因式分解的的 depict depict v v.描述描述Angle and magnitude Angle and magnitude criteria criteria 相角与幅值准则相角与幅值准则complex conjugates complex conjugates 复数复数共轭共轭 vector vector n n.向量、矢量向量、矢量 horizontal horizontal n.n.水平水平counterclockwise counterclockwise a a.逆时逆时针的针的 odd multipl

38、e odd multiple 奇数倍的奇数倍的 facilitate v.facilitate v.使容易使容易coincide coincide n n.一致、重合一致、重合 TheThe snsn term term represents represents n n poles,poles,all all equal equal to to zero zero and located at the origin of the s plane.and located at the origin of the s plane.snsn 表示表示n n 个极点，其值为零，位于个极点，其值为零，

39、位于s s 平面的原点。平面的原点。The angles are uniformly distributed.The angles are uniformly distributed.各个角度是均匀分布的。各个角度是均匀分布的。If If the the part part of of the the real real axis axis between between two two o.l.poles o.l.poles(o.l.zeros)(o.l.zeros)belongs belongs to to the the loci,loci,there there must must b

40、e be a a point point of breakaway form,or arrival at,the real axis.of breakaway form,or arrival at,the real axis.如果实轴的一部分位于两个开环极点（或者开环零点）之如果实轴的一部分位于两个开环极点（或者开环零点）之间且属于轨迹，则在其间必有分离点（或者会合点）。间且属于轨迹，则在其间必有分离点（或者会合点）。B：The Frequency Response Methods:Nyquist Diagrams New Words:amplitude amplitude n.n.幅值幅值

41、thereof thereof adv.adv.在其中、其在其中、其 antenna antenna n.n.天线天线superimpose superimpose v.v.添上、加添上、加上、附加上上、附加上 gust gust n.n.阵风阵风 partial fraction expansion partial fraction expansion 部分分式展开部分分式展开inverse transform inverse transform 逆变换逆变换 undamped oscillation undamped oscillation 无无阻尼振荡阻尼振荡 displace disp

42、lace v v.转移转移 radian radian n n.弧度弧度 polar plot polar plot 极坐标图极坐标图 gain margin gain margin 增益裕量增益裕量phase margin phase margin 相角裕量相角裕量 The frequency response is a steady-state The frequency response is a steady-state response.Although some information can be response.Although some information can be

43、 obtained about the transient response,it is only obtained about the transient response,it is only approximate and is subject to misinterpretation.approximate and is subject to misinterpretation.翻译见注解。翻译见注解。From these equations we see that a sinusoidal From these equations we see that a sinusoidal i

44、nput to a linear stable system produces a input to a linear stable system produces a steady state response that is also sinusoidal,steady state response that is also sinusoidal,having the same frequency as the input but having the same frequency as the input but displaced through a phase angle and h

45、aving displaced through a phase angle and having an amplitude that may be different.an amplitude that may be different.根据以上方程，我们可以看到将正弦输入信号加至一根据以上方程，我们可以看到将正弦输入信号加至一个稳定的线性系统时，其输出也是一个同频率的正弦个稳定的线性系统时，其输出也是一个同频率的正弦信号，但是相角和幅值会有所不同。信号，但是相角和幅值会有所不同。练习：1、将下列名词翻译成英文：时域响应、传递函数、方框图、反馈控制系统、时域响应、传递函数、方框图、反馈控制系统

46、、零点、极点零点、极点 2、朗读下列几个英文单词并翻译成中文。Afghanistan,Argentina,Bangladesh,Burma,Afghanistan,Argentina,Bangladesh,Burma,Cambodia,Lebanon,Iraq,Iran,Israel,Cambodia,Lebanon,Iraq,Iran,Israel,Nigeria,Palestine,Saudi ArabiaNigeria,Palestine,Saudi ArabiaUNIT 4A：The Frequency Response Methods:Bode PlotsNew words deci

47、bel decibel n n.分贝分贝common logarithm common logarithm 常用常用对数对数 Bode plot Bode plot 伯德图伯德图 minimum phase minimum phase 最小相最小相位位unit unit n n.单位单位 polar plot polar plot 极坐标图极坐标图 interpret interpret v v.解释、口译解释、口译slope slope n n.斜率斜率 lag lag n n.(.(相位相位)滞后滞后lead lead n n.(.(相位相位)超前超前 asymptote asymptot

48、e n n.渐进线渐进线 deviation deviation n n.偏差偏差 decade decade n n.十倍十倍abrupt abrupt a a.陡峭的、突然陡峭的、突然的的 crossover frequency crossover frequency 穿越穿越频率频率 gain margin gain margin 增益裕量增益裕量 phase margin phase margin 相角裕量相角裕量 product product n n.乘乘积积 Unit 5A:Introduction to Modern Control TheoryNew Words:advent

49、 advent n n.（事件、时期）（事件、时期）的出现、到来的出现、到来 stimulus stimulus n n.刺激刺激 realistic realistic a a.实际的、现实实际的、现实的的 optimal control optimal control 最优控制最优控制 applicability applicability n n.适用性适用性 bandwidth bandwidth n n.带宽带宽phase-plane phase-plane 相平面相平面 describing function describing function 描述描述函数函数 allevia

50、te v.alleviate v.减轻、减小减轻、减小 prominently prominently advadv.显著地、显著地、突出地突出地 numeric solution numeric solution 数值解数值解 n n-dimensional -dimensional a a.n n维的维的 When differential equations are encountered,they are linearized and subjected to whatever constraints are necessary to establish useful input-ou