基础及大体积砼施工作业指导书.pdf

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1、relationship,establirelationship,establi sheshed equivaled equivalent relationshint relationship 14,and subjep 14,and subje ct:act:applipplication problem(4)-scores acation problem(4)-scores a ndnd percepercentage applintage appli cationcation problem reviewproblem review content ovecontent overview

2、 arview a nswersnswers scores,ascores,andnd percepercentage antage applipplication problem of key is:accorcation problem of key is:accor ding to meading to meaningning,(1)determine,(1)determine standard volstandard volume(unitume(unit s 1)(2)find associate volume rates 1)(2)find associate volume rat

3、ecorresponds to relationship,Tcorresponds to relationship,T hehen inn in-line-line sol solution.Category fraction multiution.Category fraction multi plicatiplication won wordord problproblem score Divisiem score Divisi on application applicati onsons engiengineeringneering problem prproblem pr oblem

4、oblem XV,aXV,a susubjebject:reviewct:review of the measurementof the measurement of the amountof the amount of capaof capacity,meacity,measuremesurement and units of measurementnt and units of measurement of commonof common unitsunits of measuremeof measureme nt and theirnt and their significasignif

5、icance in rate 1,nce in rate 1,currecurrency,lency,length,arength,are a,vola,volume,unit sizeume,unit size,vol,volume,weightume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonlyand rate.(Omitted)2,commonlyuseused time units ad time units a nd their relationships.(Slightly)with a measurementnd their relationships.

6、(Slightly)with a measurementunits Zunits Zhijiahijian of of poly 1,an of of poly 1,a nd of method 2,and of method 2,a ndnd polypoly method 3,a method 3,a ndnd ofof method amethod andnd poly metpoly method of relationship meahod of relationship mea surementsurement distadistancence of method 1,aof me

7、thod 1,a nd tnd tool meaool measurementsurement 2,and2,andestimates 16,estimates 16,and subjeand subje ct:gect:geometry prelimiometry prelimi nary knary knowlenowledge(1)-linedge(1)-line and a and a ngle reviewngle review content content line,and segmeline,and segme nt,ant,and Rand Ray,ay,and vertin

8、d vertical,acal,and parallel,and and parallel,and a ngle angle angle ofngle of classification(slightly)17,andclassification(slightly)17,andsubject:geometrysubject:geometry preliminarypreliminary knowledge knowledge (2)(2)-plane-plane graphics review graphics review content triacontent tria ngle,angl

9、e,andnd edgedges shapees shaped,ad,and rnd round,and fan axisymmetric graphiound,and fan axisymmetric graphi cscs perimeter aperimeter a nd areand area combicombination graphics of areanation graphics of area subje subject:Preliminary knowledgct:Preliminary knowledg e(3)e(3)-review-review of solidof

10、 solid contentcontent category 1category 1-d shape-d shape s ares are dividedivided intd into:o:cylinder acylinder a nd conend cone 2,colum2,colum n is divin is divi ded ided into:cuboid,square 3,conento:cuboid,square 3,cone cone cone of the of the features features ofof cuboi cuboids and cubeds and

11、 cube s relatis relationship betweonship betwe enen characharacteristics ofcteristics of circularcircular cone is slightlycone is slightly solisolid surfaced surface area and varea and v olumeolume 1,size 2,table.1,size 2,table.和和中铁五局沪昆客专贵州段 8 标工程指挥部桥梁作业指导书基础及大体积砼施工作业指导书基础及大体积砼施工作业指导书1 1。适用范围：适用范围：本

12、作业指导书适用于指导沪昆客专桥涵扩大基础、深基坑开挖和承台施工。2 2。作业准备作业准备1)测定基坑中心线、平面位置和高程，并在基坑旁埋设开挖控制桩.2)根据设计文件提供的地质、水文资料以及环保要求等，结合现场情况，确定基坑开挖方案，对开挖坡度、支护方案、开挖范围、弃土位置和防、排水措施等作出具体安排。3 3。技术要求技术要求大体积混凝土承台及扩大基础施工时，由于混凝土单位时间内浇筑量大，混凝土水化热形成的内外温差及收缩等会引起非均匀变形，同时变形还受到结构内外的约束,承台容易产生裂缝，所以,施工中必须采取有效的措施和方法,防止混凝土有害裂缝的产生，保证承台施工的质量。根据承台型式，混凝土采用

13、分层浇筑，同时，布设冷却水管，采用自然通水冷却混凝土浇筑产生的水化热。4.4.施工程序与工艺流程施工程序与工艺流程1 1）施工程序：）施工程序：基础及大体积混凝土施工程序为：钢筋制安-模板制安-冷却管及测温元件安装-混凝土灌注-混凝土养护。2)2)工艺流程工艺流程5.5.施工要求施工要求5.15.1 施工准备施工准备施工准备钢筋制作钢筋安装钻孔灌注桩施工完毕后，进行桩基检测，检测合格后支护开挖基坑至设计标高，灌注一层素混凝土作为承台钢筋及混凝土施工的底模。钻孔桩头按设计位置模板安装截齐，对承台位置进行准确的施工测量放线.5 5。2 2 钢筋工程钢筋工程冷却管及测温元件安装1)钢筋的下料及加工在

14、钢筋加工场进行,然后运至施工场地内.2）在绑扎承台钢筋前,先进行承台的平面位置放样,在封底混凝土面上标出每根底层钢筋的平面位置，准确安放钢筋。混凝土浇筑3）竖向增设一些28钢筋作为承台钢筋的支承筋,保证每层钢筋的标高，以免钢筋网的变形太大。混凝土养生4）在绑扎承台顶网钢筋时，将墩身的竖向钢筋预埋,预埋件的位置采用型钢relationship,establirelationship,establi sheshed equivalent relatid equivalent relati onship 14,and subjeonship 14,and subje ct:applicatict:a

15、pplicationon problem(4)-scores aproblem(4)-scores a ndnd percepercentage applicatintage applicati onon problproblem review content ovem review content ov erview answers scoreerview answers score s,and pers,and percentage acentage applipplication problem of key is:accorcation problem of key is:accor

16、ding to meading to meaningning,(1)determine standard vol,(1)determine standard vol ume(unitume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Ts 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then ihen in-lin-line solutine solution.on.Category fraction multiplication

17、worCategory fraction multiplication wor d problem score Divid problem score Divi sion applicatision applicati ons eons engineeringngineering problproblem problem XV,a suem problem XV,a su bjectbject:review of the measurement:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measuremeof the amount

18、of capacity,measureme nt andnt and unitunits of measuremes of measureme nt of comnt of common units of measurememon units of measureme nt and their signt and their sig nificance inificance in rate 1,curren rate 1,currency,lency,length,area,volngth,area,volume,unit sizeume,unit size,volume,w,volume,w

19、eight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly used time units and their relatieight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly used time units and their relationshionships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,aps.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and of method 2,a ndn

20、d poly method 3,andpoly method 3,and of method andof method and poly methodpoly method of relationshiof relationshi p measuremep measurement distant dista ncence of method 1,and tof method 1,and t ool measurement 2,aool measurement 2,a nd end estimates 16,stimates 16,and subject:geand subject:ge ome

21、try preliminary kometry preliminary k nowlenowledge(1)-lidge(1)-line ane and and angle review contengle review conte nt line,ant line,and segment,and Ray,and segment,and Ray,a nd verticalnd vertical,and parallel,a,and parallel,a nd and angle anglngle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subjee of

22、 classification(slightly)17,and subje ct:geometry prct:geometry pr eliminary knowleeliminary knowle dge(2)-plane gradge(2)-plane gra phiphics reviewcs review contecontent triangle,ant triangle,a nd end edges shapedges shaped,ad,and round,and fan axisymmetric graphind round,and fan axisymmetric graph

23、i cs perimeter and arecs perimeter and are a coma combinatibination graphics of area subjeon graphics of area subje ct:Preliminary knowledge(3)ct:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review-review of soliof solid content categd content category 1-d shapeory 1-d shape s are divided ints are divided int o:cylio:c

24、ylinder ander andnd cone 2,columcone 2,colum n is divin is divided ided into:nto:cuboicuboid,square 3,d,square 3,cone conecone cone of the features of cuboids aof the features of cuboids a ndnd cubes relaticubes relationshiponship betweebetween characteristin characteristi cs of circs of circularcul

25、ar cone is sligcone is slightly solihtly solid surfad surface area and volce area and vol ume 1,size 2,table.ume 1,size 2,table.和和定位架定位，确保预埋位置,经复测无误后方可进行混凝土的浇筑。5 5。3 3 模板工程模板工程本标段桥承台均埋置在地面线以下，故承台外观并没特殊要求。施工用模板拟采用1.5m0。3m 的定型钢模拼装成大块钢模，再运至现场拼装。采用50钢管作为模板的横、竖加劲肋肋.模板内侧用预制的同标号砂浆垫块垫于承台钢筋与模板间，以保证保护层厚度;外侧用型

26、钢或方木与基坑壁撑紧，保证位置准确。在承台四周用50钢管搭设脚手架，便于模板安装及混凝土浇筑.5.45.4 冷却管及测温元件的安装冷却管及测温元件的安装1）冷却管采用25焊接钢管，接头采用钢接头，拐角处采用弯头.先将钢管按冷却管安装图下料及攻丝并运至现场，钢筋绑扎完毕后，按设计位置安装，接头处先涂上油漆再拧紧，可防止混凝土浇筑过程中漏浆堵管及通水过程中漏水。安装完毕后，进行试通水，检查管路通水正常方进行下一道工序。2)测温元件在钢筋及冷却管安装完毕后安装，安装时将元件安装固定在设计位置,保证位置准确、固定牢固，将导线沿钢筋引出承台顶面一定高度，用胶布包裹导线端头,避免弄脏。同时，引出的导线要逐

27、一编号，便于温度监测。3）冷却水管的布置（1）冷却水管采用25mm 钢管,布置间距为 80cm.(2）冷却管的布置考虑以下原则：能保证各层冷却管能独立通水，且拆模不影响通水；每层要分多根独立管道,缩短冷却路径，以使砼冷却均匀；能根据测温结果调节各管路通水量。（3）抽水循环冷却，通水时间从砼覆盖冷却管开始,以后根据测温结果调节通水量直至停水。5.55.5 混凝土工程混凝土工程混凝土采用集中生产，输送泵泵送浇筑施工。1）混凝土的泵送。采用混凝土输送泵泵送，泵送前用水泥砂浆湿润输送管道,以防堵管。混凝土坍落度控制在20cm 左右，以便泵送.2）混凝土的浇筑（1)混凝土浇筑前，必须对承台范围内的杂物、

28、积水进行全面清理，对模板、钢筋、冷却管及预埋件位置进行认真检查，确保位置准确。(2）混凝土浇筑的准备过程中,必须对机械设备进行全面检修，对材料准备2relationship,establirelationship,establi sheshed equivalent relatid equivalent relati onshiponship 14,and subje14,and subje ct:act:applipplicationcation problem(4)-scoreproblem(4)-score s and percentage as and percentage a ppl

29、ipplicationcation problem review conteproblem review conte nt overview ant overview a nswernswers scores,as scores,and percend percentage applicatintage applicati on pron problemoblem of key is:accordiof key is:accordi ng to meaning to meaning,(1)determine stang,(1)determine sta ndarndard vold volum

30、e(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Tume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Thehen inn in-line-line solsolution.Category fractiution.Category fracti on multion multiplicatiplication won word prord problem scoreoblem score Division applic

31、atiDivision applicati ons engions engineerineering problem problem XV,a subjeng problem problem XV,a subje ct:reviewct:review of the measurof the measur ement of the amement of the am ountount of capaof capacity,measurement acity,measurement a ndnd unitsunits of measurement of comof measurement of c

32、om mon units of measurememon units of measureme nt and their signt and their sig nificanificance ince in rate 1,currency,len rate 1,currency,le ngth,area,vngth,area,volume,olume,unit siunit size,volze,volume,weight aume,weight a nd rate.(Omitted)2,commonlynd rate.(Omitted)2,commonly useused time uni

33、td time units and ts and their relationsheir relations hips.(Slightly)with a measuremehips.(Slightly)with a measureme nt units Zhijiant units Zhijia n of of poly 1,and of method 2,an of of poly 1,and of method 2,a ndnd poly method 3,apoly method 3,a ndnd of method andof method and poly methpoly meth

34、 odod of relationshiof relationshi p measuremep measurement distant distancence of methodof method 1,and tool mea1,and tool mea suremesurement 2,and estimates 16,nt 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geand subject:ge ometry preliminary kometry preliminary k nowlenowledge(1)-lidge(1)-line ane and and ang

35、le review contengle review conte nt line,ant line,and segment,and Ray,and segment,and Ray,a nd verticalnd vertical,and parallel,a,and parallel,a nd and angle anglngle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subjee of classification(slightly)17,and subje ct:geometry prct:geometry pr eliminary knowlee

36、liminary knowle dge(2)-plane gradge(2)-plane gra phiphics reviewcs review contecontent triangle,ant triangle,a nd end edges shapedges shaped,ad,and round,and fan axisymmetric graphind round,and fan axisymmetric graphi cs perimeter and arecs perimeter and are a coma combinatibinati on graphics of are

37、a subjeon graphics of area subje ct:Preliminary knowledge(3)-reviewct:Preliminary knowledge(3)-reviewof soliof solid content categd content category 1-d shapeory 1-d shape s are divided ints are divided int o:cylio:cylinder ander andnd cone 2,columcone 2,colum n is divin is divided ided into:nto:cub

38、oicuboid,square 3,d,square 3,cone conecone cone of the features of cuboids aof the features of cuboids a ndnd cubes relaticubes relationshiponship betweebetween characteristin characteristi cs of circs of circularcular cone is sligcone is slightly solihtly solid surfad surface area and volce area an

39、d vol ume 1,size 2,table.ume 1,size 2,table.和和情况进行核查，对各岗位的人员逐一落实。（3)混凝土浇筑采用分层连续浇筑，可利用混凝土层面散热，同时便于振捣，分层厚度为30cm。层内从承台短边开始，由两边向中间浇筑.并在前层混凝土初凝之前，将次层混凝土浇完毕，保证无层间冷缝发生。(4）混凝土的振捣，采用插入式振捣器，操作中严格按振动棒的作用范围进行,严禁漏捣。振捣时应快插慢抽，严格控制振捣时间，避免因振捣不密实出现蜂窝麻面,或因振捣时间过长而出现振捣性离析的情况.（5）为保证混凝土浇筑时其自由下落高度不大于 2m，浇筑时应视情况设置溜槽或串筒，必要时在

40、承台顶网钢筋上开几个“天窗”，浇筑到顶面时补焊截断的钢筋。(6）在中线附近低洼处放置排污泵，及时清除混凝土浇筑过程中汇集的表面泌水，如在浇筑过程中遇到降雨,应用彩条布遮盖承台上空.（7）混凝土施工完毕后，在初凝之前对混凝土表面进行抹压收汗，以清除混凝土表面早期产生的塑性裂缝.（8）承台混凝土浇筑速度不小于60m3/h.3）混凝土的养护表面用麻袋覆盖并洒水进行保温保湿养护.侧模外挂麻袋保温，根据测温结果指导养护工作，将降温速度控制在2/d,养护时间14d.6.6.劳动力组织劳动力组织1）以每座桥为一个单位配置的现场管理人员如下：作业队长1人、副队长12人、技术主管12人、质检员1-2人、安全员1

41、3人、技术员2-6人、试验员1-3人、现场施工员2-8人。2)以每个扩大基础或每个承台为一个单位配置的现场施工人员如下：工长人、技术人员-2 人、试验人员-2 人、电工人、电焊工 23 人、模板工人，钢筋工45 人、起重工人、司机8 人、砼运输车司机6 人其他配合工人约 24 人。7.7.材料要求材料要求钢筋和混凝土原材料必须满足设计要求；测温元件应经过检测，数量及安装位置符合设计要求；冷却水管接头应不漏水形成闭合回路.8 8。机械设备配置机械设备配置3relationship,establirelationship,establi sheshed equivalent relatid equ

42、ivalent relati onship 14,and subjeonship 14,and subje ct:applicatict:applicationon problem(4)-scores aproblem(4)-scores a ndnd percepercentage applicatintage applicati onon problproblem review content ovem review content ov erview answers scoreerview answers score s,and pers,and percentage acentage

43、applipplication problem of key is:accorcation problem of key is:accor ding to meading to meaningning,(1)determine standard vol,(1)determine standard vol ume(unitume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Ts 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then i

44、hen in-lin-line solutine solution.on.Category fraction multiplication worCategory fraction multiplication wor d problem score Divid problem score Divi sion applicatision applicati ons eons engineeringngineering problproblem problem XV,a suem problem XV,a su bjectbject:review of the measurement:revie

45、w of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measuremeof the amount of capacity,measureme nt andnt and unitunits of measuremes of measureme nt of comnt of common units of measurememon units of measureme nt and their signt and their sig nificance inificance in rate 1,curren rate 1,currency,lency,le

46、ngth,area,volngth,area,volume,unit sizeume,unit size,volume,w,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly used time units and their relatieight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly used time units and their relationshionships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,aps.(Slightly)with a measur

47、ement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and of method 2,a ndnd poly method 3,andpoly method 3,and of method andof method and poly methodpoly method of relationshiof relationshi p measuremep measurement distant dista ncence of method 1,and tof method 1,and t ool measurement 2,aool measuremen

48、t 2,a nd end estimates 16,stimates 16,and subject:geand subject:ge ometry preliminary kometry preliminary k nowlenowledge(1)-lidge(1)-line ane and and angle review contengle review conte nt line,ant line,and segment,and Ray,and segment,and Ray,a nd verticalnd vertical,and parallel,a,and parallel,a n

49、d and angle anglngle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subjee of classification(slightly)17,and subje ct:geometry prct:geometry pr eliminary knowleeliminary knowle dge(2)-plane gradge(2)-plane gra phiphics reviewcs review contecontent triangle,ant triangle,a nd end edges shapedges shaped,ad,an

50、d round,and fan axisymmetric graphind round,and fan axisymmetric graphi cs perimeter and arecs perimeter and are a coma combinatibination graphics of area subjeon graphics of area subje ct:Preliminary knowledge(3)ct:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review-review of soliof solid content categd content catego